micro chap 12 reading

Identify the three major modes of action of antiviral drugs.

Barring virus penetration into host cell Preventing virus maturation Blocking virus transcription and translation

The goal of antimicrobial chemotherapy is to _______the infective agent without harming the _______

Blank 1: kill, destroy, annihilate, or eradicate Blank 2: host, patient, host cells, or host's cells

Tetracycline is an example of which type of drug?

Broad spectrum

Which of the following are side effects associated with antimicrobial drugs?

Damage to host tissues due to toxicity Disruption of normal microflora Allergic reactions

The ______ is an agar diffusion test that can be used on anaerobes, mycobacteria, and fungi.

Etest

Which of the following is an agar diffusion test that utilizes gradients of antibiotics on strips?

Etest

Metronidazole is used to treat which of the following protozoan pathogens?

Giardia lamblia Entamoeba histolytica Trichomonas vaginalis

_______chemotherapy is the use of chemotherapeutic drugs to control infections and diseases caused by many types of microorganisms.

Antimicrobial

Bacitracin is an antibiotic with which spectra of activity?

Narrow

Which of the following is an example of drug that blocks bacterial cell wall synthesis and exhibits excellent selective toxicity? Multiple choice question.

Penicillin

Which of the following is the ratio of the toxic dose to the effective dose that is used to assess the safety and reliability of the drug?

Therapeutic index

Which of the following involves serially diluting an antibiotic in order to determine the susceptibility of a test bacterium to the drug?

Tube dilution

Which are antiviral drugs used to treat influenza?

Xofluza Relenza Tamiflu

The most effective drugs used to treat infections caused by flukes, tapeworms, and roundworms inhibit________ at all stages of the life cycle rather than eradicating the adult worms.

metabolism

An antibiotic that is only effective against a limited array of different microbes is called a(n) _______spectrum antibiotic.

narrow

The outer membrane of some Gram- ______bacteria act as natural barriers to some drugs.

negative

Metronidazole is classified as which type of agent?

Amoebicide

______sp. can cause superinfections of the oropharynx called thrush.

Candida

When a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic is given to a patient with a UTI infection caused by E. coli, one possible side effect is a vaginal infection caused by which fungus?

Candida albicans

Which of the following are primary sites for action of antimicrobial drugs in bacteria?

Cell membrane Cell wall Nucleic acids Ribosomes

What is the mechanism of action of Tamiflu?

It prevents host cells from producing active viruses.

Which of the following techniques is an agar diffusion test to determine antibiotic susceptibility of a particular bacterial strain?

Kirby-Bauer

Which of the following is not a primary site for action of antimicrobial drugs in bacteria

Mitochondria

In the treatment of HIV infections, ______ directly stop DNA synthesis by being incorporated into the DNA strand, and________ bind directly to the reverse transcriptase enzyme and interfere with its activity.

NRTI Blank 2: NNRTI

____reverse transcriptase inhibitors, such as nevirapine, bind directly to the reverse transcriptase enzyme and interfere with its activity.

Nonnucleoside

Which of the following are the three factors that should be known before selecting an antimicrobial drug?

The sensitivity of the infecting agent The nature of the infecting agent The overall health of the patient

What is the overall goal of antimicrobial chemotherapy?

To destroy the infective agent without harming the patient

Bacteria that form ______ are difficult to control because the buildup of cells makes it difficult to for the antibiotic to reach a majority of the cells.

biofilms

An antibiotic that is effective against a wide variety of microbial types is called a(n) ________spectrum antibiotic.

broad

Nephrotoxic drugs are toxic to which of the following?

kidneys

The property of an antimicrobial agent to be highly toxic against its target microbe while being far less toxic to the cells of the host organism is called ______toxicity.

selective