micro chapter 12 smartbook

A plasma-like liquid that moves in and out of tissues, but does not contain red blood cell, is called ______ fluid.

lymph

The fluid that is carried by the lymphatic circulation is called ______.

lymph

Small, encapsulated, bean-shaped organs located along lymphatic channels and large blood vessels of the thoracic and abdominal cavities are called ______.

lymph nodes

The type of fluid that is very similar in composition to that of blood, but differs in that it does not contain erythrocytes is called ______ fluid.

lymph, lymphatic

A compartmentalized network of vessels, cells, and specialized accessory organs that renders surveillance, recognition, and protection against foreign materials is the ______ system.

lymphatic

The spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and GALT are all components of the _______ system.

lymphatic

The group of leukocytes that includes B cells and T cells is the _____.

lymphocytes

The agranulocytic leukocytes include two general types, the _______ and ______.

lymphocytes and monocytes

Cells that engulf and destroy foreign molecules are ______ and ______ that comprise the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS).

macrophages, monocytes

A collection of monocytes and macrophages scattered throughout the extracellular spaces that functions to engulf and degrade foreign molecules is called the _______ _______ system.

mononuclear phagocyte

All organs and tissues contain a network of fibers and macrophages called the ______ system.

mononuclear phagocyte

Which host barrier offers protection against microorganisms due to the presence of sebum, which has a high fatty acid content and acidic pH?

skin

Select all the correct options from the following body sites that do not have particularly high numbers of lymphatic vessels.

spleen kidney ear drum

Under the influence of hormones, naive T-cells that have migrated to the ______ develop specificity and are released into circulation as mature T cells.

thymus

Major functions of the lymphatic system include ______.

- providing a route to return extracellular fluid to the circulatory system - acting as a drain-off system for the inflammatory response - supporting surveillance, recognition, and protection against foreign materials

Which of the following is NOT a trigger for inflammation?

fever

Which of the following is part of the body's second line of defense?

fever

Which lines of host defense are nonspecific?

first line second line

The flow of lymph is ______.

from the extremities to the heart

Which of the following is not a lymphoid organ?

gall bladder

Which of the following processes are components of the second line of defense?

inflammation antimicrobial products fever phagocytosis

Select all the correct options from the cell types that are produced in the red bone marrow.

B-lymphocyte precursors T-lymphocyte precursors red blood cells

Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) ______.

engulf and degrade foreign molecules

Which are granulocytic white blood cells?

eosinophils basophils mast cells neutrophils

Unbroken skin is an effective barrier against microbes because ______.

epithelial cells have been compacted and cemented together outer layers slough off, taking microbes away

Select all the correct options from the following body sites that have particularly high numbers of lymphatic vessels.

hands feet areola of the breast

The production of blood cells is called ______.

hematopoiesis

_____ is the process by which all blood cells are formed in bone marrow.

hematopoiesis

The ______ response is a reaction to any traumatic event in the tissues.

inflammatory

The lymph nodes located in the groin are called the ____ nodes.

inguinal

Small proteins produced naturally by white blood and tissue cells that are used therapeutically to combat viral infections and cancer are called _____.

interferons

Red bone marrow is found in the internal matrix of ______.

long bones

Select all the correct options from the following that are considered to be lymphoid organs.

lymph nodes spleen tonsils thymus

Which term refers to a group of leukocytes that include B cells, Natural Killer T cells, and T cells?

lymphocytes

The granulocytic leukocytes are mast cells, _______, _______, and _______.

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

The first and second lines of host defense are ______ protections.

nonspecific

Nonspecific host defense mechanisms include chemical barriers and ______ barriers.

physical

Interferons are small ______ produced by certain white blood cells and tissue cells.

proteins

As an external, protective barrier that is highly impervious and waterproof, human _____ provides significant protection from microbes.

skin

Naive T lymphocytes originate in the bone marrow and migrate to the _____ to complete their maturation.

thymus

Which of the following is not a major function of the lymphatic system?

transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide to tissues throughout the body

Inflammation may be triggered by the immune response or by ______ due to tissue infection or tissue injury.

trauma, damage, necrosis, or injury

The flow of lymph in lymphatic vessels is ______.

unidirectional

Leukocytes are ______.

white blood cells

The liquid connective tissue consisting of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets suspended in plasma is called ______.

whole blood

Monocytes and lymphocytes can be described as ______.

agranulocytes

Select all the correct options from the following materials that are transported by lymphatic fluid.

all are correct

Select all the correct options from the following materials that are not transported by lymphatic fluid?

all of these are correct

Where are axillary lymph nodes located?

armpit

Lymph nodes located in the loose connective tissue of the armpit are called ______ nodes.

axillary

Cells that originate in the mononculear phagocyte system (MPS) and extracellular fluid (ECF) can diffuse or migrate into the blood or lymphatics due to the ______ that penetrate into the interstitium.

capillaries

Cells that originate in the mononculear phagocyte system (MPS) and extracellular fluid (ECF) can diffuse or migrate into the blood or lymphatics due to the _______ that penetrate into the interstitium.

capillaries

Communication between separate fluid compartments of the body is conducted primarily through ______.

capillaries

Lymph nodes located in the neck are called _____ nodes.

cervical

The ______ lymph nodes are located in the neck region.

cervical

Select all the correct options from the following that represent nonspecific host defenses.

chemical barriers physical barriers

How does lymphatic fluid differ from blood?

does not contain red blood cells

Core body temperature is typically ______.

98.6 degrees Fahrenheit

Which of the following represent normal body temperature?

98.6 degrees Fahrenheit 37 degrees Celsius