Microbiology- Ch. 14-Intoduction to Host Defenses and Innate Immunities

Which of the following is NOT a component of the first line of defense? Multiple choice question. Physical barriers Chemical barriers Genetic differences in susceptibility Inflammatory response

inflammatory response

The host defenses include ___ immunity which is present at birth, and ___ immunity which is acquired over time and specific in its action.

innate; acquired

Which of the following is NOT a major type of interferon? Multiple choice question. Interferon gamma Interferon beta Interferon alpha Interferon delta

interferon delta

Which of the following cell types is NOT a one of the major phagocytic cells of the immune system? Multiple choice question. Lymphocytes Macrophages Dendritic cells Neutrophils Monocytes

lymphocytes

Which of the following group of leukocytes is composed of small spherical cells that are involved in the specific immune response? Multiple choice question. Mast Cells Macrophages Monocytes Lymphocytes Eosinophils Neutrophils

lymphocytes

___ are participants of the specific immune response and are characterized as small, spherical cells with uniformly-staining dark, round nuclei.

lymphocytes

________ react to foreign substances in the third line of defense. Multiple choice question. Phagocytes Inflammatory mediators Lymphocytes Digestive enzymes

lymphocytes

Which is NOT a main responsibility of the immune system? Multiple choice question. Maintenance of normal flora Surveillance of the body Recognition of foreign material Destruction of pathogens

maintenance of normal flora

Which is engulfed by phagocytes? Multiple choice question. Microbes and dead cells Microbes Dust Microbes, dust, and dead cells Dead cells

microbes, dust, and dead cells

How long do most acute inflammatory responses last? Multiple choice question. Seconds to minutes Minutes to hours Hours to days

minutes to hours

Acute inflammatory responses last from a few ___ to ___.

minutes; hours

All organs and tissues contain a network of fibers and macrophages called the ________ system. Multiple choice question. mononuclear phagocyte lymphatic immune nervous gastrointestinal

mononuclear phagocyte

Which type(s) of cells normally trigger an immune response? Multiple choice question. Self Both types Non-self

non-self

In addition to phagocytosis and initiation of inflammation, white blood cells have the capacity to discover foreign substances using surface receptors known as _________. Multiple choice question. cell-specific markers pattern recognition receptors major histocompatibility complex antigen binding sites

pattern recognition receptors

White blood cells carry a variety of ___ ___ ___that allow them to detect foreign substances.

pattern recognition receptors

The mononuclear ___ system is a network of fibers and macrophages that permeates the tissues of the body.

phagocyte

The mononuclear ___ system, ___ fluid, ___, and lymphatic system are all body compartments that participate in immune function.

phagocyte; extracellular; bloodstream

The second line of host defenses includes fever, ___, ___, ___ and .

phagocytosis, inflammation, interferon, complement

Inborn, nonspecific defenses include ___, ___, and ___ barriers.

physical; chemical; genetic

Select all that apply Surveillance for pathogens is not carried out by which of the following components of the blood? Multiple select question. Red blood cells Platelet cells White blood cells

red blood cells, platelet cells

The host inflammatory response is a component of the ________ line of defense. Multiple choice question. fourth second first third

second

Select all that apply Which line(s) of defense is/are part of immunology? Multiple select question. First Second Third

second, third

Normal cells of the body, classified as "___," do not normally trigger an immune response.

self

Select all that apply Which are main responsibilities of the immune system? Multiple select question. Surveillance for foreign material Transporting oxygen to tissues Recognition of antigens Digestion of food and nutrients Destruction of pathogens

surveillance for foreign material, recognition of antigens, destruction of pathogens

Which is a function of white blood cells? Multiple choice question. Surveillance for pathogens Oxygen transport to tissues Formation of clots during inflammation

surveillance for pathogens

There are ___ major types of interferon.

three

True or false: Phagocytes engulf and digest antigens such as microbes, dust and dead cells. True false question. True False

true

The swelling seen in inflammation is given the Latin term ___, whereas the pain is given the term ___.

tumor; dolor

Which is NOT a second line host defense mechanism? Multiple choice question. Fever Phagocytosis Inflammation Vomiting

vomiting

Which is NOT a second line host defense mechanism? Multiple choice question. Inflammation Phagocytosis Fever Vomiting

vomiting

The complement system is composed of at least ________ proteins. Multiple choice question. 15 18 37 12 30

30

The direct attack of foreign or abnormal cells by ___-lymphocytes is known as cell-mediated immunity.

T

The third line of defense is a powerful system of specific responses to infectious agents called ___ or ___ immunity.

adaptive; acquired

Which of the following is NOT a nonspecific host defense? Multiple choice question. Antibody production Genetic differences Physical barriers Chemical barriers

antibody production

Select all that apply The increased flow of blood during inflammation causes which two cardinal signs? Multiple select question. Dolor Calor Tumor Rubor

calor, rubor

The complement system is a cascade of serum proteins that, when activated, results in all of the following EXCEPT: Multiple choice question. enhancement of antibody production enhancement of phagocytosis enhancement of inflammation formation of membrane attack complexes

enhancement of antibody production

Select all that apply The body compartments that participate in the immune system, after the formation of immune cells, are the ______. Multiple select question. extracellular fluid gastrointestinal lumen cerebrospinal fluid lymphatic system bloodstream ciliary escalator mononuclear phagocyte system bone marrow

extracellular fluid, lyphatic system, bloodstream, mononuclear phagocyte system

True or false: When treated early, chronic inflammation generally resolves within a few weeks or months. True false question. True False

false

The ___ line of defense includes barriers that block invasion through a portal of entry.

first

Leukocytes are divided into two groups: ___ and ___.

granulocytes; agranulocytes

Select all that apply The two groups in which leukocytes are divided are Multiple select question. dendritic. granulocytic. agranulocytic. lymphocytic. thrombolytic.

granulocytic, agranulocytic

In ___ immunity, a type of adaptive immune response, specialized B cells secrete antibodies into the body fluids.

humoral

Which type of immunity mainly involves the action of B cells? Multiple choice question. Humoral Acquired Cell-mediated Nonspecific

humoral

Which type of immunity mainly involves the action of B cells? Multiple choice question. Nonspecific Acquired Cell-mediated Humoral

humoral

___ is the study of all features of the body's second and third line of defenses.

immunology

___ is a reaction to any traumatic event in the tissues that restores homeostasis.

inflammation

T-lymphocytes directly attacking foreign or abnormal cells is known as ______ immunity. Multiple choice question. cell-mediated humoral innate nonspecific

cell-mediated

T-lymphocytes directly attacking foreign or abnormal cells is known as ______ immunity. Multiple choice question. cell-mediated innate nonspecific humoral

cell-mediated

___ inflammation can last anywhere from a few days to years as opposed to acute inflammation that lasts for minutes to hours.

chronic

The ___ system is a cascade of serum proteins that form a membrane attack complex.

complement

The ___ system of blood proteins enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism.

complement

Select all that apply Which of the following cell types are the main phagocytic cells of the immune system? Multiple select question. Lymphocytes Mast cells Dendritic cells Basophils Macrophages Neutrophils Monocytes

dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes