Microbiology Chapter 14

Which structures are found along lymphatic vessels but are heavily clustered in the armpit, groin, and neck? A. Lymph nodes B. Thymus C. spleen D. GALT E. Tonsils

A. Lymph nodes

29. Elimination and destruction systems present in the phagolysosome include all the following, except A. bromine. B. hydroxyl free radical. C. nitric oxide. D. lactic acid. E. lysozyme.

A. bromine.

Due to the way the lymph drains from lymph nodes, cell and products of immunity continually A. enter the regular circulatory system. B. enter the liver. C. enter the gastrointestinal tract. D. enter the gall bladder. E. enter the thymus gland.

A. enter the regular circulatory system.

All the following are events of early inflammation, except A. macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis. B. chemical mediators and cytokines are released. C. brief vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation. D. exudate and pus can accumulate. E. capillaries become more permeable resulting in edema.

A. macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis.

The key phagocytic cells of the body are the A. neutrophils and macrophages. B. basophils and neutrophils. C. eosinophils and macrophages. D. macrophages and monocytes. E. natural killer cells.

A. neutrophils and macrophages.

Maria was scratched on her arm by her cat and the site is experiencing rubor. This means A. redness. B. pain. C. loss of function. D. warmth. E. swelling.

A. redness.

This body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid, and a tough cell barrier with its own normal flora A. skin. B. respiratory tract. C. digestive tract. D. urinary tract. E. eyes.

A. skin.

All of the following pertain to platelets, except A. they contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. B. they are also called thrombocytes. C. they originate from giant multinucleate cells called megakaryocytes. D. they function in blood clotting and inflammation. E. they are not whole cells but are pieces of cells.

A. they contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

26. Histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin are all A. vasoactive mediators. B. mediators of B cell activity. C. mediators of T cell activity. D. mediators that increase chemotaxis. E. fever inducers.

A. vasoactive mediators.

_____ lymphocytes function in humoral immunity, while _____ lymphocytes function in cellmediated immunity.

B, T

When macrophages migrate to the skin and remain there, they are called _____ cells. A. alveolar B. Langerhans C. GALT D. Kupffer

B. Langerhans

Which is incorrect about complement? A. Composed of at least 26 blood proteins B. Only appear in the blood during a response to a pathogen C. Act in a cascade reaction D. Involves a classical pathway E. Involves an alternate pathway

B. Only appear in the blood during a response to a pathogen

45. During what process is hypochlorite & hydrogen peroxide produced to destroy bacteria and inhibit viral replication? A. Inflammation B. Phagocytosis C. Interferon production D. Complement production

B. Phagocytosis

Which is incorrect about inflammation? A. It can last hours to years. B. Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. C. Serotonin causes smooth muscle contraction. D. Fever could be beneficial to inhibiting the pathogen. E. Basophils and mast cells release histamine.

B. Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.

Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood, and has hormones that function in maturation of Tlymphocytes? A. Lymph nodes B. Thymus C. spleen D. GALT E. Tonsils

B. Thymus

The blood cells that particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are A. basophils. B. eosinophils. C. neutrophils. D. monocytes. E. lymphocytes.

B. eosinophils.

27. These white blood cells are particularly attracted to sites of parasitic infections. They are known as A. monocytes. B. eosinphils. C. basophils. D. neutrophils. E. lymphocytes.

B. eosinphils.

The contribution of B cells is mainly in A. inflammation. B. humoral immunity. C. complement activity. D. cell mediated immunity. E. phagocytosis.

B. humoral immunity.

All of the following are types of granulocytes because they have prominent cytoplasmic granules when stained, except A. eosinophils. B. monocytes. C. neutrophils. D. basophils. E. They are all granulocytes.

B. monocytes.

Joe cut his finger on a sharp twig and now is experiencing dolor. This means A. redness. B. pain. C. loss of function. D. warmth. E. swelling.

B. pain

The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the A. skin. B. respiratory tract. C. digestive tract. D. urinary tract. E. eyes.

B. respiratory tract.

Joan's inflamed and painful joints are likely due to which of the following chemicals? A. Gamma interferon B. Interleukin 5 C. Prostaglandins D. Histamine E. Platelet-activating factor

C. Prostaglandins

32. The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves A. initiation of the cascade. B. production of inflammatory cytokines. C. a ring-shaped protein digests holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes. D. cleaving of C3 to yield C3a and C3b. E. C1q binds to surface receptors on a membrane.

C. a ring-shaped protein digests holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes.

28. All of the following can be recognized by toll-like receptors, except A. single-stranded viral RNA. B. flagellin. C. host cell membrane proteins. D. lipoteichoic acid. E. lipopolysaccharide.

C. host cell membrane proteins.

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is A. lactic acid. B. hydrochloric acid. C. lysozyme. D. histamine. E. bile.

C. lysozyme.

The most numerous WBCs, that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic are A. basophils. B. eosinophils. C. neutrophils. D. monocytes. E. lymphocytes.

C. neutrophils.

Hemopoiesis is the A. loss of blood due to hemorrhaging. B. production of only red blood cells. C. production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. D. plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding. E. migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues

C. production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

Juan has influenza and has aches, pains, and a fever. His mother, a physician, tells him to take an antipyretic. What is she telling him to take? A. An antibiotic, like erythromycin B. An antiviral drug, like Tamiflu C. An antihistamine D. Acetaminophen, like Tylenol E. Herbal tea with honey

D. Acetaminophen, like Tylenol

21. The lymphoid tissues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as A. lymph nodes. B. thymus. C. spleen. D. GALT. E. tonsils.

D. GALT.

44. Which of the following nonspecific mediators inhibits virus replication and cellular division while increasing some lymphocyte action? A. TNF B. IL-1 C. IL-6 D. IFN E. Chemokines

D. IFN

Which cell type is phagocytic and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages? A. Basophils B. Eosinophils C. Neutrophils D. Monocytes E. Lymphocytes

D. Monocytes

Specificity and memory are associated with which body defense mechanism? A. Inflammatory response B. Phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils C. Interferon D. T cell and B cell responses E. Anatomical barriers in the body

D. T cell and B cell responses

The clearance of pus, cellular debris, dead neutrophils, and damaged tissue after inflammation is performed by A. basophils. B. eosinophils. C. neutrophils. D. macrophages. E. complement.

D. macrophages.

Plasma cells A. function in cell-mediated immunity. B. are derived from T-lymphocytes. C. function in blood clotting. D. produce and secrete antibodies. E. All of the choices are correct.

D. produce and secrete antibodies.

25. Which is mismatched? A. interferon alpha and beta - inhibits viral replication B. interleukin-2 - stimulate T cell mitosis and B cell antibody production C. serotonin - causes smooth muscle contraction D. prostaglandins - activate eosinophils and B cells E. tumor necrosis factor - increases chemotaxis and phagocytosis

D. prostaglandins - activate eosinophils and B cells

30. The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are A. complement. B. interferons. C. leukotrienes. D. pyrogens. E. lysozymes.

D. pyrogens.

Nonspecific chemical defenses include A. lysozyme. B. lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat. C. skin's acidic pH and fatty acids. D. stomach hydrochloric acid. E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct.

Plasma A. is the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended. B. is mostly water. C. contains albumin and globulins. D. contains fibrinogen. E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct.

All of the following are types of agranulocytes because they do not have prominent granules in their cytoplasm when stained, except A. T cells. B. B cells. C. monocytes. D. lymphocytes. E. basophils.

E. basophils.

22. The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all the following, except A. redness. B. warmth. C. swelling. D. pain. E. chills.

E. chills.

All of the following are correct about lymph, except A. its composition is similar to plasma. B. it travels in vessels similar to blood vessels. C. it is made mostly of water. D. it transports numerous white blood cells. E. it is transported through the body by the same pump as blood, i.e., the heart.

E. it is transported through the body by the same pump as blood, i.e., the heart.

Diapedesis is the A. loss of blood due to hemorrhaging. B. production of only red blood cells. C. production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. D. plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding. E. migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues.

E. migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues.

1. Components of the first line of defense include all the following, except A. the tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin. B. nasal hairs. C. flushing action of tears and blinking. D. flushing action of urine. E. phagocytic white blood cells.

E. phagocytic white blood cells.

True or False: Certain complement components stimulate inflammation and phagocytosis

TRUE

True or False: Endotoxin is an exogenous pyrogen.

TRUE

True or false: Dermacidin is an antimicrobic peptide secreted by skin cells, which breaks down bacterial membranes and causes them to lyse.

TRUE

True or false: Genetic differences among species, and within a species, can convey genetic immunity to certain diseases.

TRUE

True or false: PAMPs are molecules shared by many microorganisms but not present in mammals.

TRUE

The term _____ is given to any foreign substance that stimulates a specific immune system response.

antigen

A person will typically experience the sensation of _____ when fever is starting to occur in the body.

chills

The _____ system of blood proteins act to lyse foreign cells.

complement

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are called _____ because they have prominent cytoplasmic granules that, in a stained blood smear, appear with identifying, characteristic colors.

granulocytes

When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues, they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into _____.

macrophages