Microbiology Chapters 1 - 5 Quiz Questions

You are studying a new variant of a eukaryotic cell. The variant cell has mutated so that it no longer attaches well to surfaces or initiates the formation of a biofilm. The mutation in this cell has most likely affected the _____.

glycocalyx

The study of molds and yeast is called _______.

mycology

Of the photosynthetic bacteria, cyanobacteria produce ______ as a product of photosynthesis but the green and purple sulfur bacteria do not produce this substance.

oxygen

True or false: The Lake Whillans team would have likely classified any newly discovered viruses into the Domain Eukarya.

False

Please select the statement which is incorrect regarding fixed preparations.

Fixed preparations are used to view live cells.

The field which is concerned with food borne diseases as well as food and beverage production

Food and dairy microbiology

Which of the following represents the correct order of the phases of the cell cycle?

G1 -> S -> G2 -> M

Newer technology that manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and animals to create new products and genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

Genetic Engineering

The field which manipulates DNA of an organism to create a new organism with a desired trait

Genetic engineering

Selective Medium

Grows some types of organisms but restricts other types

Multicellular eukaryotic organisms like parasitic worms

Helminths

Order

Hymenostomatida Elongate oval cells with cilia in the oral cavity

Class

Hymenostomea Single cells with regular rows of cilia; rapid swimmers

The process of determining the characteristics of an organism which will be used to place the organism into its taxonomic ranks.

Identification

The field which studies the protective reactions to microbial infections, examples include blood testing and vaccination

Immunology

Kingdom

Protista Protozoa and algae

Unicellular eukaryotes often described as animal-like

Protozoa

Which of the following is incorrect about protozoan pathogens?

Protozoa cannot be spread through body fluids.

The Kingdom Protista is initially divided into two groups based on whether the organism in question is capable of photosynthesis. True or False

True

The ease of global travel and increased immigration has affected the worldwide distribution of helminth infections. True or False

True

Which of the following accurately describes the process of hydration?

Water molecules surround solutes which have broken into ions.

A Petri dish containing isolated colonies of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa would be described as being

a mixed culture.

Which type of microbiologist would be most likely to work with organisms that are visible to the naked eye?

a parasitologist

An isolated colony is formed when

a single cell divides many times to a mound of identical cells.

When gaseous chlorine is dissolved in water

a solution is formed in which chlorine is the solute and water is the solvent.

The best understood bacterial cytoskeletons are composed primarily of

actin.

A taxonomical outline of bacterial species based on shared evolutionary histories would be described as a

phylogenetic system.

Inoculation

placing a sample into a container of medium that supplies nutrients for growth and is the first stage in culturing

Which of the following represents the correct order of the phases of mitosis?

prophase -> metaphase -> anaphase -> telophase

Eukaryotic ribosomes are the site of

protein synthesis.

Ribosomes function primarily to

synthesize proteins.

Choose the answer that best completes the blanks of this sentence in order. The two major groups of parasitic flatworms include the ____ with a long, ribbon-like body and the ____ with a flat, ovoid body.

tapeworms; flukes

Please choose the term that describes the system of arranging and naming organisms.

taxonomy

Domain

Eukarya (All eukaryotic organisms)

Eukaryote

1. Contains a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles 2. Round biggest picture

Please select characteristics exhibited by prokaryotes to test your understanding of the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.

1. DNA 2. Ribosomes 3. Cell Wall

Order the following choices to reflect the organization of taxa, from the most general to the most specific, to test your understanding of levels of classification.

1. Domain 2. Phylum 3. Order 4. Species

Domain Archaea

1. Domain with the closest relationship to the eukaryotic cell domain 2. Extreme prokaryotes 3. Methane-producing bacteria

Functional Type

1. General purpose 2. Enriched 3. Selective 4. Differential 5. Anaerobic growth 6. Specimen transport 7. Assay 8. Enumeration

Domain Bacteria

1. Gram-positive bacteria 2. Includes prokaryotes such as Staphylococcus aureus

Domain Eukarya

1. Includes fungi, protozoa, and animals 2. Humans

Physical State

1. Liquid 2. Semisolid 3. Solid (can be converted to liquid) 4. Solid (cannot be liquefied)

Virus

1. Acellular particle 2. Must be viewed with an electron microscope 3. Size Range: 10-200 nm 4. Nanobyte picture

Bacteria

1. Bacilli 2. Prokaryotic organisms used in genetic engineering due to their simple genetic material

Viruses

1. CDC 2. Require electron microscopy for visualization

Prokaryote

1. Cell type that lacks a nucleus 2. Size Range: 1-10 um 3. Battery like picture

Protozoans

1. Ciliate

Helminths

1. Cysts in tissue

Please select examples of ways microbes are involved in the earth's ecosystem.

1. Microbes produce "greenhouse gases," such as carbon dioxide and methane which help trap heat in the earth's atmosphere. 2. Microbes break down/decompose molecules in order to release needed chemicals. 3. Microbes live within higher organisms and assist these organisms in obtaining nutrients.

Algae

1. Photosynthetic 2. Photosynthetic organisms that may be used to produce alternative fuels

Fungi

1. Spores 2. Used by humans in the production of some antibiotics

Chemical Composition

1. Synthetic 2. Nonsynthetic

Please select all of the following which are forms of evidence that support the occurrence of evolution.

1. the findings of ancient fossils 2. the study of the function of organisms and their components 3. the study of genetics

What would be the power of magnification when using a microscope with a 10x ocular lens and a 45x objective lens?

450x

Phosphorous has 15 protons. How many electrons are in its third electron shell?

5

The most abundant form of carbon has an atomic number of 6 and a mass of 12. A small amount of carbon exists as the isotope carbon 14. What number of protons, neutrons, and electrons would you expect to see in an atom of carbon 14?

6 protons, 8 neutrons, 6 electrons

The eukaryotic ribosome is a(n) ____ ribosome, composed of 40S and 60S subunits.

80S

Which structure or molecule could be used to definitively classify a newly discovered life form as a eukaryotic cell.

80S ribosomes

The field which studies the relationships between microbes and domestic plants and animals

Agricultural microbiology

Single or multi-cellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize to obtain energy

Algae

Kingdom Protista

Algae and Protozoa

The genes discovered by Pitch Lake team can ultimately benefit mankind by

All of these choices are correct.

What fields of microbiology would likely be involved in the further study of these microbes?

All of these choices are correct.

Identification

Analysis of collected data to help support a final determination of the types of microbes present in the original sample; this is accomplished by a variety of schemes

You have just identified a novel microbe that thrives in a swampy region with a large production of marsh (methane) gas. You hypothesize that this microbe belongs to Domain

Archaea

Process that involves the introduction of microbes into the environment to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants.

Bioremediation

Technology that applies the power of microbes toward the manufacture of industrial products, foods, and drugs.

Biotechnology

Species

Caudatum Cells cylindrical long, and pointed at one end

Which of the following events do NOT occur in prophase of mitosis?

Chromosomes are replicated.

Phylum

Ciliophora Only protozoa with cilia

The process of grouping organisms into groups which reflect the history and evolutionary relatedness of those organisms.

Classification

The number of different microbial species in Lake Whillans was determined by analyzing water samples for the presence of

DNA

Please choose the correct way to type the scientific name of an organism to demonstrate your understanding of how to correctly write a scientific name.

Escherichia coli (italicized)

Incubation

Exposing inoculated medium to optimal growth conditions, generally for a few hours to days

A reduction reaction is so named because when an atom is reduced it loses electrons. True or False

False

Centromeres divide during metaphase. True or False

False

Classification systems are used to organize bacterial pathogens by the type of disease or infection each causes. True or False

False

Cyanobacteria are of interest (and are named for) their ability to degrade areas contaminated with cyanide.

False

Cytokinesis in plant cells occurs by means of a cleavage furrow. True or False

False

DNA replication occurs in mitosis. True or False

False

In the current taxonomic system as proposed by Woese and Fox, the level that includes the largest number of organisms would be a kingdom. True or False

False

One function of carbohydrates is to serve as a biological catalyst, or enzyme, increasing the rate of biochemical reactions in cells. True or False

False

True or False: All bacteria can be cultured in the laboratory.

False

Which of the following is incorrect regarding the pH scale?

For each pH unit decrease, there is a 10-fold decrease in hydrogen ions.

Kingdom Myceteae

Fungi

Molds and yeasts

Fungi

Please choose the statement that is incorrect about fungi to test your understanding of their importance in ecology, agriculture, commerce, and medicine.

Fungi are only detrimental to the food industry.

General-purpose medium

Grows wide variety of organisms

Please choose the answer that describes the function of the Golgi complex.

It adds lipids and sugars to proteins and then packages these proteins for transport to their final destination.

2. ___________ was the first surgeon to introduce aseptic techniques into the operating room in an effort to reduce microbes and prevent infection.

Lister

Who was instrumental in disproving the idea of abiogenesis?

Louis Pasteur

Please choose the statement that describes the primary medical threat due to algae.

Marine algae produce toxins which accumulate in seafood and can cause severe food poisoning.

The process of assigning names to all levels of an organism's taxonomic ranking.

Nomenclature

Inspection

Observing cultures macroscopically for appearance of growth and microscopically for appearance of cells

Family

Parameciidae Cells rotate while swimming and have oral grooves

Genus

Paramecium Pointed, cigar-shaped cells with macronuclei and micronuclei

3. As a leading microbiologist during the Golden Age of microbiology, _________ disproved the theory of __________ and completed several studies leading to the germ theory of disease.

Pasteur, abiogenesis

Differential Medium

Several types of organisms grow but show visibly different reactions

Information gathering

Testing of cultures using procedures that analyze biochemical and enzyme characteristics, immunologic reactions, drug sensitivity, and genetic makeup

Please choose the statement that is NOT correct about electron orbitals and shells.

The electrons in the innermost orbital have the most energy.

Which of the following explains why archaeons are extremophiles?

They are ancient, primitive organisms that adapt well to extreme conditions because they have retained characteristics of the cells that first evolved when Earth's conditions were far more extreme.

Which of the following statements about microtubules during anaphase is TRUE?

Those attached to chromosomes shorten, while those that are unattached elongate.

Minute acellular particles that parasitize cells

Viruses

DNA can be transcribed into three types of RNA which are then used to synthesize proteins. True or False

True

Diseases, including some cancers, which were once considered noninfectious are now known to involve microbial infection. True or False

True

Mitosis and cytoplasmic division result in the formation of two genetically identical cells. True or False

True

Some organisms studied in the microbiology laboratory will only grow in live cells or animals. True or False

True

What are peptides?

amino acids bonded together by covalent bonds

Which characteristic has most recently been used to classify eukaryotic organisms and assign them to various taxonomic groups.

analysis of ribosomal RNA

Examination of a newly discovered fungus reveals a number of haploid sexual spores formed on the outside of a club-shaped cell. These spores would be classified as

basidiospores.

Lipids serve as all of the following except

biological catalysts (enzymes).

The most widely used type of light microscope is the

bright-field microscope.

The bacterial flagellum moves

by rotation that is powered by the proton motive force.

The two groups of obligate intracellular bacteria are the ________, usually spread by contact, and the ________, usually transmitted by the bites of arthropods.

chlamydias; rickettsias

Grouping organisms based on their evolutionary relationships is the process of ____, which is part of taxonomy.

classification

A diatomic element

consists of two atoms of the same element held together by a chemical bond.

In a molecule of water, electrons are shared between each hydrogen atom and the single oxygen atom. The type of chemical bond created in this instance is

covalent.

The division of the cytoplasm is called

cytokinesis

Excess nutrients that the cell may store for later use may be found within

cytoplasmic granules.

Which type of reaction is shown here: 2H2O2 -› 2H2O + O2?

decomposition reaction

Choose the answer that fills in the blanks of this sentence in the correct order. The algae are photosynthetic, eukaryotic protists that are grouped into ______ (no cell wall and motile by flagella), ______ (single-celled with golden chloroplasts and intricate cell walls), ______ (cause "red tide"), kelp, red seaweeds and green algae.

euglenids; diatoms; dinoflagellates

Lipids (fats and oils) that are repelled by water are

hydrophobic.

Other than maintaining the shape of the cell, what is the primary function of the cell wall, and which component contributes most to this function?

maintaining strength; peptidoglycan

Bacterial species are defined in a fundamentally different way than mammalian species are. This is because

mammals reproduce sexually while bacteria reproduce asexually.

A single atom of a substance

may not be subdivided into smaller parts without losing its properties

Choose the answer that fills in the blanks of this sentence in the correct order. Of the microscopic fungi, ____ are filamentous fungi made of long thread-like cells called hyphae while _____ are round or oval-shaped.

molds; yeast

Macromolecules are polymers made from linking many ____ together.

monomers

The cell membrane is composed of _____________.

proteins dispersed throughout a phospholipid bilayer

Eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungi make up a diverse category of organisms classified as _______, including algae and protozoans.

protists

While examining a sample of pond water you note a cell covered with thousands of minute hair-like extensions which it uses to propel itself through the water. This cell can immediately be classified as a/an

protozoan.

In a light microscope, the objective lens forms the _____ image, which then is magnified by the ocular lens to form the _____ image that is received by the eye.

real; virtual

Choose the answer that best completes this statement's blanks in the correct order. When all the flagella on a cell rotate in a counterclockwise fashion, the cell is propelled forward in a movement known as a ____, but when the flagella reverse direction, the cell stops and changes course in an action known as a ____.

run; tumble

To obtain a three-dimensional view of the surface of a protozoan parasite with a total magnification of 10,000x the best instrument to use would be a/an

scanning electron microscope.

RNA performs each of the following functions except

serves as the primary storage molecule for the genetic information of the cell.

A polar molecule is created when

shared valence electrons are pulled more toward one atom than another in a molecule.

In electron micrographs, portions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) appear rough on the edges. This is because

some regions of the ER are covered with ribosomes.

The _______ level of bacterial organisms refers to a group of organisms that all share the same traits while the subspecies level refers to the variation or differences of individual cells within that group.

species

If ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide were not used as part of the Lake Whillans expedition, it would have been more likely that

terrestrial microbes would have contaminated the lake.

The microorganisms found in Lake Whillans and those found in Pitch Lake seem to have in common

the capacity to use substances in their environment as an energy source.

Please choose the development that led to the new three domain system of classification.

the discovery of rRNA leading to an understanding of archaeons

Following binomial nomenclature, which of the following makes up the scientific name of an organism?

the genus name and then the species name

The ability of microorganisms in Lake Whillans to photosynthesize is greatly inhibited. What other habitat would probably result in similar inhibition?

the large intestine

3. If the explanation is supported by numerous research studies that survive peer-review over time, it can be moved to the level of a __________.

theory

The primary function of the cell membrane is

to regulate the transport of molecules in and out of the cell.

Choose the answer that fills in the blanks of this sentence in the correct order. Most protozoa have a motile, feeding stage known as a(n) _____ which, in some protozoa, alternates with a resting state known as a(n) _____.

trophozoite; cyst

What type of media would be the best choice for isolating a bacterial colony

trypticase soy agar

Which of the following terms refers to the ability or capacity of an atom to make bonds?

valence

1. In the late 1600s, ___________ designed several simple ___________.

van Leeuwenhoek, microscopes

Kingdom Monera

Bacteria

Single-celled prokaryotes

Bacteria

The field which uses microbes to produce specific desired products

Biotechnology

The primary medical threat from algae is skin infections contracted when swimming in algae rich bodies of water, particularly after algal "blooms." True or False

False

A scientist observes that all people who contract a painful skin rash known as shingles have previously in their lifetime been infected with chicken pox. He theorizes that the virus that causes chicken pox is the same virus that cause shingles. What type of reasoning is being displayed in this case?

Inductive reasoning

4. Also, during this Golden Age, __________ established four proofs that could be used to determine an organism's pathogenicity and related disease. He also developed many of the laboratory techniques that are still used today.

Koch

Isolation

Methods for separating individual microbes and achieving isolated colonies that can be readily distinguished from one another macroscopically

Please choose the statement which best explains the significance of microorganisms not being culturable.

Microbes which cannot be cultured may be the cause of diseases which are now considered non-infectious.

The field dedicated to monitoring and controlling the spread of disease within a population

Public health microbiology and epidemiology

When NaOH is added to a solution, the concentration of hydrogen ions decreases. What would happen to the pH of the solution as the NaOH was being added?

The pH would increase as the solution became more basic.

The concentration of microbial cells in Lake Whillans is comparable to the concentration found in

deep oceans

"A(n) ____ disease is a new disease being reported in increasing numbers within the population while a(n) ____ disease is a disease which has existed in the past but is currently seeing increasing numbers of cases."

emerging; re-emerging

The bond within a lipid that links the carboxyl group (COOH) of a fatty acid to the hydroxyl group (OH) of a glycerol molecule is known as a(n) ______ bond.

ester

2. Scientists then conduct ___________ to determine the validity of their explanations.

experiments

Choose the answer that best completes the blanks of this sentence in order. The two major groups of parasitic helminths include the ____ with a thin, segmented body and the ____ with a cylindrical, unsegmented body.

flatworms; roundworms

Nutrient agar is a microbiological growth medium designed to grow a wide variety of bacterial species. The medium contains beef extract, a mix of naturally occurring proteins, sodium chloride, and 1.5% agar. This medium is classified as a

general purpose, complex, solid medium.

Please choose the term that describes the outermost boundary of the eukaryotic cell, which is composed of polysaccharides and is responsible for adherence of the cell to other surfaces.

glycocalyx

Which of the following has historically been the first division in a system of bacterial taxonomy?

gram-positive versus gram-negative cells

An ester bond is found between

guanine and cytosine nucleotides of DNA.

1. Scientists formulate a ___________, a tentative explanation to account for what they have observed or measured.

hypothesis

Encouraging the growth of a microbe by altering the temperature, along with the concentration of gases like oxygen, or carbon dioxide is best referred to as

incubation.

Microorgansisms called psychrophiles will grow only at low temperatures (at or near 0°C). This restriction on a microbes growth would most directly impact

incubation.

The mitotic spindle fibers attach to chromosomes via special structures termed

kinetochores.

4. Some explanations of scientific phenomenon are so well-tested that they move to the highest level of confidence and become a __________.

law

The ability to make objects appear larger in order to view them is known as ______ while being able to see detail and distinguish between two separate objects is known as ______.

magnification; resolution

While the vast majority of microorganisms are not harmful to humans, those that are are referred to as

pathogens

The molecule primarily responsible for the strength and stability of the bacterial cell wall is

peptidoglycan.

A ______ stain is one where the dye adheres to the cell whereas a _______ stain is one that colors the background surrounding the cell, leaving the cell unstained.

positive; negative

When an atom loses an electron, the resulting ion will be a

positively-charged cation.

Molecules which function as antibodies and help the body to fight infection include

protein.

Near the end of the 20th century, in many parts of the world malaria had been brought under control through the judicious use of anti-malarial drugs along with pesticides that kill mosquitos (which can spread the disease). Recently, as the malarial parasite has gained resistance to certain classes of drugs, and mosquitoes have become immune to some insecticides, rates of malaria have increased, leading to the diseases _____.

reemergence

An isolation technique in which an inoculating loop is used to spread a liquid sample over the surface of a solid medium, following a pattern that gradually thins out the sample is a

streak plate.

The formation of water from elemental hydrogen and oxygen proceeds according to the equation 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O How would this type of reaction best be described?

synthesis

hoose the answer that fills in the blanks of this sentence in correct order. The cell ____ is found in fungi and algae to provide structure and support while the cell ____ is found in all eukaryotic cells, is composed of phospholipids, proteins and sterols, and separates the internal cell components from the external environment.

wall; membrane