Microbiology Exam 2 - Unit 2 HW Questions

Streptococcus mutans location

dental caries

Microbiota within the esophagus are well-adapted to "feast or famine" conditions

FALSE

Foreign material should be recognized as

nonself

Components of the first line of defense include all the following EXCEPT: B cells Tears and blinking Nasal hairs skin epidermis

B cells

What can be inferred about the impact of personal hygiene on the skin microbiota based on the information provided?

Individuals with poor hygiene typically have higher microbial population densities on their skin.

Which of the following statements about prevalence is true? It includes both new and existing cases of a disease in a population. It provides information about the risk of developing a disease. It is always calculated for a specific time point. It is unaffected by changes in population size.

It includes both new and existing cases of a disease in a population.

Which is incorrect regarding lactase deficiency? 1) Lactase can be digested by intestinal bacteria 2)late in childhood many people lose the ability to secrete the enzyme lactase 3)lactose is a disacharide that cannot be absorbed

Lactase can be digested by intestinal bacteria

What are true pathogens, as described in the provided information?

Microbes capable of causing disease in healthy persons with normal immune defenses

This major type of phagocyte reacts early in the inflammatory response to bacteria and other foreign materials and to damaged tissue. It is the primary component of pus

Neutrophil

What is the characteristic of sporadic disease epidemics?

Occasional cases are reported at irregular intervals at random locales

Proteus mirabilis

can cause kidney stones

When an infected host can transmit the infectious agent to another host and establish an infection in that host is best described as:

communicable

Which stage may only be present in some infections and is characterized by either the lingering presence of the organism after the patient is well or the absence of the organism with ongoing symptoms?

continuation phase

Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis

important probiotic in treating enterocolitis in premature infants

Propionibacterium

predominate sebaceous areas of the skin

Which stage of infection is characterized by the appearance of the earliest notable symptoms of infection, such as: head and muscle aches, fatigue, and general upset stomach?

prodromal stage

The ________________ occurs as a continuous connective tissue framework throughout the body

reticuloendothelial system

Immunology is the study of all features in the bodys _______ lines of defense

second and third

Lymph moves only through the contraction of _________

skeletal muscles

Which is not a secondary lymphatic organ? thymus gland spleen lymph nodes GALT

thymus gland

Microbiota which are only present on the body for a short period of time are known as

transients

Normal biota is beneficial or, at worst, commensal to the host in good health with a functioning immune system

true

Occasionally, potential pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae are part of the normal microbiota in the nasopharynx of healthy individuals.

true

A person with a healthy immune system contracts a common cold from rhinovirus exposure. Which term best describes the rhinovirus in this scenario?

true pathogen

During the inflammatory response, fluid escaping into the tissues may result in

tumor

If a city with a population of 100,000 had 5,000 cases of a specific disease at the beginning of the year and 5,000 new cases were reported during the year, what is the prevalence rate at the end of the year? Assume no deaths or births in the population.

.....

If a population is observed for one year, and during that year, 200 new cases of a disease occur among 10,000 susceptible individuals, what is the incidence rate per person-year?

0.02

Which of the following is NOT something a healthy functioning immune system is responsible for? Immune system is responsible for all options Surveillance of the body Recognition of foreign material Destruction of entities demed to be foreign

Immune system is responsible for all options

Yougurt is best categorized as an example of

Symbiotic

What is an "index case" in epidemiology?

The first case of a disease that brought the epidemic to the attention of officials

What does the incubation period represent in the course of an infection?

The time from the initial contact with the infectious agent to the appearance of symptoms.

What is often the primary reason some patients stop taking antibiotics during the convalescent period?

They feel better, even though pathogens are still in their system, leading to antibiotic resistance.

Which of the following best describes an example of a disease with high incidence but low prevalence?

a highly communicable disease with a short duration

What is the process by which microbes gain a more stable foothold on host tissues and is dependent on binding between specific molecules on both the host and pathogen?

adhesion

At what point in a sterotypical females life cycle will she have the highest amount of Lactobacillus species in her genitourinary microbial residents?

after menopause

Which of the following is NOT considered a possible origin of newborn microbiota birth canal breast milk outside environment contact birth via c-section

all of the options are potential origins of newborn microbiota

Which of the following host defenses must a host survive in the pathogenesis process

antiphagocytic factors

Fever should always be treated

false

Clostridium difficile

fecal transplants can be used to treat infections by this organism

Pattern recognition receptors are found on

host cells

Staphylococcus epidermidis location

human skin

Helicobacter pylori location:

human stomach

When microbes remain confined to a specific tissue this is best known as a __________ infection

localized