Microbiology FINAL (2 of 4)

Which of the following statements concerning cells of bacteria and archaea is correct? A) Archaea contain small membrane-enclosed organelles; bacteria do not. B) DNA is present in both archaea and bacteria. C) Archaea contain a membrane-bound nucleus; bacteria do not. D) DNA is present in the mitochondria of both bacteria and archaea

B) DNA is present in both archaea and bacteria.

Which of the following is paired incorrectly? A) archaea; protein cell wall B) algae; glycocalyx C) fungi; polysaccharide cell wall D) bacteria; peptidoglycan cell wall E) plants; cellulose cell wall

B) algae; glycocalyx

Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in A) mitochondria. B) chloroplasts. C) nuclei. D) vacuoles.

B) chloroplasts.

Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of most bacterial plasma membranes? A) composed of a phospholipid bilayer B) contains cholesterol C) is selectively permeable D) contains proteins

B) contains cholesterol

Which of the following have a cell wall? A) mycoplasmas B) fungi C) L forms D) animal cells

B) fungi

You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can safely assume that the cell A) has a mitochondrion. B) has a cell wall. C) has cilia. D) lives in an extreme environment.

B) has a cell wall.

Which of the following arrangements is sometimes referred to as having a beads-on-a-string appearance? A) streptobacilli B) streptococci C) staphylococci D) diplococci

B) streptococci

Which of the following is NOT a component of bacterial flagella? A) flagellin B) tubulin C) basal body D) filament E) hook

B) tubulin

Which of the following is NOT part of the passive transport process? A) transporter proteins B) aquaporins C) ATP D) concentration gradient E) plasma membrane

C) ATP

You have isolated a new organism which has eukaryotic cells, is multicellular, grows as hyphae, does not perform photosynthesis, and has a cell wall. This organism most likely belongs to which kingdom? A) Bacteria B) Archaea C) Fungi D) Protista

C) Fungi

Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion? A) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell. B) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. C) It involves movement of molecules down a concentration gradient and may require a transport protein. D) It may require a transport protein.

C) It involves movement of molecules down a concentration gradient and may require a transport protein.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding prokaryotic cells? A) They lack membrane-enclosed organelles. B) They typically have a circular chromosome. C) They lack a plasma membrane. D) They reproduce by binary fission. E) Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane.

C) They lack a plasma membrane.

By which of the following mechanisms can a cell transport a substance from a lower to a higher concentration? A) aquaporins B) facilitated diffusion C) active transport D) simple diffusion

C) active transport

Which of the following eukaryotic processes involve pseudopodia? A) amoeboid action B) exocytosis C) both amoeboid action and endocytosis D) both endocytosis and exocytosis

C) both amoeboid action and endocytosis

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) Golgi complex — secretion B) endoplasmic reticulum — internal transport C) centrosome — food storage D) lysosome — digestive enzymes E) mitochondria — ATP production

C) centrosome — food storage

Which of the following are asexual spores? 1. Conidiospores 2. Sporangiospores 3.Zygospore 4. Ascospores 5. Basidiospores from mushrooms A) ascospores, basidiospores, and conidiospores B) ascospores, basidiospores, and zygospores C) conidiospores and sporangiospores D) any type of fungal spore can be asexual or sexual depending on how it formed

C) conidiospores and sporangiospores

The DNA found in most bacterial cells A) is found in multiple copies. B) utilizes histones for chromosomal packaging. C) is circular in structure. D) is linear in structure.

C) is circular in structure.

Fimbriae and pili differ in that A) pili are used for motility. B) pili are used to transfer DNA. C) pili are used for transfer of DNA and motility. D) pili are used for attachment to surfaces.

C) pili are used for transfer of DNA and motility.

The difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is that facilitated diffusion A) does not require ATP. B) requires ATP. C) requires transporter proteins. D) moves materials from a lower to a higher concentration.

C) requires transporter proteins.

Which of the following statements concerning osmosis is FALSE? A) Crenation results when blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution. B) Cells placed in hypotonic solutions will gain water. C) Osmosis requires a selectively permeable membrane. D) Osmosis stops when the system reaches equilibrium. E) During osmosis, water crosses to the side of the membrane with a lower solute concentration.

E) During osmosis, water crosses to the side of the membrane with a lower solute concentration.

Which of the following statements is false? A) Archaea and Bacteria are prokaryotic domains. B) Eukarya is a eukaryotic domain. C) Prokaryotes are unicellular and lack a membrane-bound nucleus. D) Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells. E) Eukaryotes have a much simpler genetic makeup than prokaryotic cells.

E) Eukaryotes have a much simpler genetic makeup than prokaryotic cells.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton? A) aids in contraction of the cell B) anchors organelles C) gives shape to the cell D) performs endocytosis E) packages cellular secretions

E) packages cellular secretions

In a(n)_________________solution, an animal cell can gain so much water that it may burst.

HYPOTONIC

A higher concentration of solutes corresponds to a __________________ concentration of water in a given solution.

LOWER

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of (protein/lipid/carbohydrate) synthesis.

Lipid

Eukaryotic cells use a process known as ____________________ to obtain liquids from their environment.

PINOCYTOSIS

Diffusion does not require energy T/F?

TRUE

The presence of a glycocalyx contributes to bacteria's ability to cause disease. T/F?

TRUE

The "run" in bacterial motility is the result of (clockwise/counterclockwise/whiplike) rotation of the flagella.

counterclockwise

Fibrous structures with three "arms" some archaea use for attachment to surfaces are (fimbriae/hami/pili).

hami

The reserve deposits of starch or other compounds found in many prokaryotic cells are called (vacuoles/inclusions/nucleoid).

inclusions

Golgi bodies are examples of a (membranous/non-membranous/cellular) organelle.

membranous

A(n) (symport/antiport/uniport) is a carrier protein that transports two substances in the same direction across a membrane.

symport

Chloroplasts use light energy to produce carbohydrates. t/f?

true

Small, hydrophobic molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily by diffusion. t/f

true

The cell walls of bacteria are responsible for the shape of the bacteria and the difference in the Gram stain reaction. t/f

true

The presence of a cell (wall/membrane) enables bacterial and plant cells to resist the effects of hypotonic solutions.

wall

Archaeal cytoplasmic membranes are composed of unbranched phospholipids. t/f

false

Cells placed in a hypotonic solution tend to lose water due to osmotic pressure. t/f

false

Eukaryotic ribosomes are composed of 50S and 30S subunits. true/false

false

Peroxisomes contain enzymes used to digest nutrients that have been brought into the cell through phagocytosis. t/f

false

Why are Gram-negative bacteria more resistant than Gram-positive bacteria to damage by certain chemical agents like lysozyme? A) Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane as part of their cell wall. B) Gram-negative bacteria contain peptidoglycan in their cell wall. C) Gram-negative bacteria have a thicker layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall. D) Gram-negative bacteria have porins.

A) Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane as part of their cell wall.

How do spirochetes and spirilla differ? A) Spirilla have an external flagella but spirochetes have axial filaments. B) Spirochetes do not have a cell wall but spirilla do. C) Spirochetes and spirilla are basically the same organisms and the terms can be used interchangeably. D) Spirochetes have a rigid, corkscrew shape while spirilla are helical and more flexible.

A) Spirilla have an external flagella but spirochetes have axial filaments.

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except A) an endoplasmic reticulum. B) a plasma membrane. C) ribosomes. D) DNA. E) a cell wall.

A) an endoplasmic reticulum

Membrane proteins perform all of the following functions except A) blocks. B) receptors. C) anchors. D) enzymes. E) transporters

A) blocks.

The Gram stain works because of differences in the ________ of bacteria. A) cell walls B) antigens C) capsules D) cell membranes

A) cell walls

Which of the following is part of the structure of the mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell? A) cristae B) thylakoids C) nucleolus D) cilia

A) cristae

The accumulation of glucose 6-phosphate inside a bacterial cell via phosphorylation of glucose is an example of A) group translocation. B) facilitated diffusion. C) diffusion. D) osmosis.

A) group translocation.

What happens when you place a bacterial cell into a hypertonic solution? A) plasmolysis B) lysis C) no effect on the cell D) The cell will burst.

A) plasmolysis

The terms "run" and "tumble" are generally associated with A) taxic movements of the cell. B) cell wall fluidity. C) clustering properties of certain rod-shaped bacteria. D) cell membrane synthesis.

A) taxic movements of the cell.

Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells? A) the need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs B) evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes C) the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes D) rigid cell walls that limit cell size expansion

A) the need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs

Centrioles, cilia, flagella, and basal bodies have remarkably similar structural elements and arrangements. Which of the following hypotheses is most plausible in light of such structural similarities? A) Loss of basal bodies should lead to loss of all cilia, flagella, and centrioles. B) Cilia and flagella arise from the centrioles. C) Cilia and flagella coevolved in the same ancestral eukaryotic organism. D) Motor proteins such as dynein must have evolved before any of these four kinds of structures.

B) Cilia and flagella arise from the centrioles.

Which of the following statements about gram-negative cell walls is FALSE? A) They protect the cell in a hypotonic environment. B) Their Gram reaction is due to the outer membrane. C) They have an extra outer layer composed of lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and phospholipids. D) They are sensitive to penicillin.

D) They are sensitive to penicillin.

Which of the following statements best describes what happens when a bacterial cell is placed in a solution containing 5 percent NaCl? A) Water will move into the cell. B) Sucrose will move into the cell from a higher to a lower concentration. C) The cell will undergo osmotic lysis. D) Water will move out of the cell.

D) Water will move out of the cell.

All of the following are common to both the Gram stain and the acid-fast stain EXCEPT A) primary stain. B) counterstain. C) a decolorizing agent. D) a chemical mordant.

D) a chemical mordant.

Which of the following may be a component of bacterial cell walls? A) lipoteichoic acids B) carrageenan C) tubulin D) both lipoteichoic and mycolic acids

D) both lipoteichoic and mycolic acids

Most prokaryotic cells reproduce A)sexually. B)extremely quickly. C)by mitosis. D)by binary fission.

D) by binary fission.

Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. In animal cells, which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes? A) peroxisome B) chloroplast C) central vacuole D) lysosome

D) lysosome

Which feature is not found in protozoans? A) usually heterotrophic B) may reproduce sexually or asexually C) unicellular D) performs photosynthesis E) no cell walls

D) performs photosynthesis

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells? A) rough ER B) Golgi apparatus C) nuclear envelope D) peroxisomes

D) peroxisomes

Where are phospholipids most likely found in a eukaryotic cell? A) around organelles B) the plasma membrane C) ribosomes D) the plasma membrane, and around organelles

D) the plasma membrane, and around organelles

A structural molecule found in eukaryotic cytoskeletons, flagella, cilia, and centrioles is (flagellin/tubulin/fibrin).

Tubulin