Microscope Lab: Bacterial pronunciations

Klebsiella pneumoniae

*capsule former *gram-negative *associated with pneumonia in patients with alcoholism, diabetes, and chronic lung disease?

Bacillis anthracis

*causes anthrax *rod-shaped *Gram positive *endospore-former

Treponema pallidum

*causes syphilis *spiral-shaped

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

*gram negative *diplococci *causes gonorrhea

Branhamella catarrhalis (AKA Moraxella catarrhalis)

*gram negative *diplococcus *found in nasopharynx as normal flora *if overgrown, it can cause various respiratory/sinus infections "catarr" - to flow down (for runny nose/discharge)

Streptococcus salivarius

*gram positive chains of cocci *catalase negative

Streptococcus mitis

*gram positive cocci, in chains *common in mouth flora *catalase negative *found in dental disease, able to enter bloodstream from mouth and cause endocarditis; found in atherosclerotic plaques

Streptococcus mutans

*gram positive cocci, in chains *part of normal mouth flora *can cause dental caries in presence of carbohydrate *catalase negative

Staphylococcus epidermidis

*gram positive coccus - arranged in clusters *can cause nosocomial infections of prosthetic devices and catheters. *normal flora of skin *grows well on mannitol salt agar - turns the agar a pinkish hue *catalase positive

Camplyobacter jejuni

*often part of normal gut flora *common cause of food-borne GI illness *gram negative curved rod

Staphylococcus aureus

*the "golden" staph (aureus means golden) *gram positive coccus - arranged in clusters *human pathogen that causes boils, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis, and some strains (MRSA) can be very antibiotic resistant. *part of normal flora in nasal passages of many people *grows well on MSA and ferments mannitol, so it turns the agar yellow *produces coagulase, an enzyme that allows it to form clots in our body to wall itself off from our immune system. *catalase positive

Lactobacillus acidophilus

*various species of Lactobacillus inhabit the human GI tract and vagina *found naturally in raw milk products, where it ferments them to produce sour (acidic) yogurt. Also responsible for fermentation of kefir, saurkraut, and many other fermented foods. *probiotic associated with many health benefits *tricky to grow in lab,

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A)

Beta hemolytic (destroys red blood cells) Pyogenic, toxigenic (scarlet fever, toxic shock like syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis) Pharyngitis: can result in rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis Impetigo more often precedes GN than pharyngitis Scarlet fever (face, strawberry tongue, scarlet throat)

Clostridium difficile (C. diff)

Gram positive Endospore-former Causes antibiotic-associated diarrheal disease (antibiotics disturb normal flora and allow overgrowth of this bacteria)

Enterobacter aerogenes

Gram-negative rod *pink growth on EMB! *opportunist pathogen that can lead to different nosocomial infections; normally found in the human gastrointestinal tract *generally does not cause disease in a healthy individual

Escherichia coli

gram negative rod *metallic green growth on EMB! *opportunist pathogen that can lead to different nosocomial infections; normally found in the human gastrointestinal tract *generally does not cause disease in a healthy individual *E.coli 0157:H7 is a strain that can cause hemorrhagic dysentery (bloody diarrhea)

Proteus hauseri

gram negative single rods *famous for its ability to develop all-over flagella *able to live in the urinary tract (flagella helps) *able to metabolize urea *in lab, doesn't develop flagella until cultured for awhile *part of normal gut flora

Providencia alcalifaciens

gram negative single rods *part of normal gut flora but can cause diarrheal disease

Citrobacter freundii

gram negative single rods *part of normal gut flora, also found in soil *opportunistic pathogen that can cause various nosocomial infections *often used in lab to show hydrogen sulfide production

Micrococcus luteus

gram positive cocci *grows in tetrads (they are adorable) *yellow pigmented growth (luteus means yellow) *occasionally causes nosocomial disease *releases gasous odors when breaking down human sweat!

Enterococcus faecalis

gram positive cocci, in short chains *associated with many nosocomial infections *catalase negative *able to tolerate salt *able to ferment mannitol