Mid-Term Exam

Compared with young workers, college students enjoy an easier life and therefore have a greater immunity to suicide.

False

Persons who listen to country music have higher suicide rates.

True

All of the following are part of the positivist perspective on deviance, EXCEPT that deviance is

a label.

Harold Garfinkel studied Agnes, who was a person seeking a sex change operation, and discovered that she considered herself

a normal woman with a physical defect (a penis).

According to some sociologists, the extremely high rate of homicide in parts of the South is a striking example of

a widespread culture of violence.

Compared with women, men are less likely to have

anxiety attacks.

College students in the United States have higher suicide rates than their non-college peers because they

are single and experience much stress.

Child molesters are likely to

be their victim's relatives or neighbors.

The author of the text concludes that psychological theories of rape

can explain only a few unusual cases of rape.

Early criminologists believed deviance was intrinsically real because they believed criminals possessed

certain biological traits absent in non-criminals.

Cloward and Ohlin attempt to extend Merton's central idea that the lower classes are denied legitimate opportunity by introducing the concept of

differential illegitimate opportunity.

Evidence shows that the murder rates in states with capital punishment are

higher

Over the last 20 years, teenage suicides have

increased dramatically.

All of Jane's friends have jewelry and new clothes, but she had no money to buy them. She therefore resorted to shoplifting to get what she wanted. According to Merton's theory, her behavior is an example of

innovation.

Deviant behavior is any behavior that

is considered deviant by public consensus, which may range from maximum to minimum.

Research has shown that majority of abused women

leave abusive relationships.

In her analysis of 156 tribal societies, Peggy Sanday found that rape-prone societies are marked by

male dominance.

All of the following are factors that lead to more rape-prone campuses, except for

mandatory membership in fraternities.

Millions of people at one time or another have smoked marijuana. If sociologists asked a sample of U.S. citizens about this behavior, they would most likely discover that

many people disagreed about the deviant status of marijuana.

If neurotics can identify the specific object of their anxiety, they are said to experience

phobia

Gold attempted to add to external restraint theory by arguing that socialization plays a role in determining who becomes a murderer. He felt that

physical punishment in childhood leads to homicide.

Feelings of depression, anxiety, and helplessness such as those suffered by U.S. soldiers who served in Vietnam and victims of physical injury, are called

posttraumatic stress disorder.

The factor most commonly associated with murder is

poverty

Labeling theory interprets deviance as a(n)

process of symbolic interactionism.

If a society makes a deviant feel guilty while showing understanding and forgiveness, it practices __________ shaming.

reintegrative

The fact that the same behavior can be seen as normal by some and as deviant by others is called the

relativist view.

According to Jack Douglas, there are two types of meanings: abstract meanings and __________ meanings.

situated

One positive contribution of anomie-strain theory is that

society, not the individual, causes much deviance.

Albert Cohen's theory is similar to Merton's approach, but Cohen replaced the word "success" with the word "__________."

status

Which of the following conditions separates the positivist and constructionist perspectives on deviance?

the amount of public consensus about what type of behavior is deviant.

Ethnography is defined as the style of research that seeks to understand

the meanings the people under investigation ascribe to their experiences.

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that supports female genital mutilation in many African cultures?

the social and psychological benefits the practice provides the participant

What Marxists call "marginal surplus population" refers to

those who are relatively superfluous or useless to the economy.

Greater air time of heavy metal music tends to lead to greater suicide rates.

False

Henry and Sort's external restraint theory assumes that frustration alone may cause homicide but not suicide.

False

Most convicted rapists admit that they are guilty of their crimes and express sorrow for what they did.

False

Most family abusers are well integrated into the community and commit their abuse in secret.

False

Financial problems and stress are precursors to elder abuse.

True

Network therapy in community health centers seems to do a better job in treating mental disorder than professional psychiatrists because it utilizes genuine compassion and empathy.

True

One criticism of the DSM-IV classification system is that it defines too many ordinary problems as mental disorders.

True

Psychosis is typified by a loss of touch with reality and neurosis by an inability to face reality.

True

The Internet has helped to de-stigmatize cutting.

True

The acceptance of the popular view of physical punishment as proper for disciplining children is one cause of child abuse.

True

The objectification of women in our culture plays a role as to why men commit rape.

True

Unemployment is a contributing factor to child abuse.

True

What is defined today by the American Psychiatric Association as a mental illness may not be defined in the same way in the future.

True

According to the author, which statement about mental disorder is TRUE?

Virtually all of us can be said to be mentally ill at one time or another.

The essential idea of conflict theory is that conflict as well as its resulting criminality is

an inherent, normal, and integral part of complex modern societies.

Cohen's theory of status frustration closely resembles Merton's goal-means gap because they both

assert that lower-class people are more likely to engage in deviant actions.

Which of the following is NOT a type of hate killer?

racist hate killers