Middle Adulthood

When adults work to leave a legacy of themselves to the next generation, they are working toward ______.

generativity

By middle age, more than ______ of middle aged adults provide care for parents or parents-in-law.

40%

Roughly, what percentage of adults responded that adults have a duty to care for their aging parents?

80%

The big five factors of personality can be condensed into the acronym OCEAN. It includes all of the following personality factors, EXCEPT ______.

excitability

What was the most common response when 40- to 79-year-olds were asked "when you think of who you are, you think mainly of _____?"

family

Which of the following are criticisms about Levinson's Seasons of a Man's Life?

- He drew conclusions about early adulthood, without actually studying anyone in that age range. - he only studied men, but claims his results apply to women as well

George Vaillant performed longitudinal studies of adult development and aging on which THREE of the following groups?

- Socially disadvantaged inner-city men born about 1930 - Socially advantaged Harvard graduates born about 1920 - Middle-SES, intellectually gifted women born about 1910

Research has shown that having an optimistic outlook on life is generally associated with which of the following?

- better physical health - greater relationship satisfaction - longer life

According to Erikson, which of the following are ways in which middle-aged adults can develop generativity?

- cultural generativity - biological generativity - work generativity

According to Levinson, what are the two major tasks to be mastered in early adulthood?

- exploring the possibilities for adult living - developing a stable life structure

Which of the following are part of the Big Five factors of personality? Select all that apply:

- openness - agreeableness - extraversion

In which TWO of the following areas are parents and their adult children most similar?

- religion - politics

In middle adulthood, affectionate or companionate love increases. This form of love includes the qualities of ______

- security - mutual emotional interest - loyalty

Which of the following responses to stress are more common among men than women?

- trying to solve the problem themselves - isolating themselves - drinking

Which of the following are criticisms about Levinson's Seasons of a Man's Life?

-Levinson's work included no statistical analysis. - The original Levinson data included no females. -Respondents may have distorted memories or forget parts of their past.

Which TWO theorists conducted the Baltimore Study using a five-factor personality test?

-Paul Costa -Robert McCrae

Which of the following statements about grandparenting and longevity are TRUE?

-The current trend in delaying childbearing is likely to offset the increasing longevity of grandparents somewhat. -In 1900, only 4% of 10-year-olds had four living grandparents. - In 2000, 40% of 10-year-olds had four living grandparents.

Who among the following groups of adult children are most likely to provide social support for their older parents?

-children who spent more time in shared activities with their parents - children who were given more financial support by parents earlier in their lives

Because many middle-aged adults today are responsible for their children as well as for their aging parents, what names are given to this generation?

-overload -squeezed -sandwich

According to Levinson, which of the following ages most closely corresponds to the point in adulthood when a person enters the phase of Becoming One's Own Man (BOOM)?

38

According to Levinson, how long does the transition to middle adulthood last?

5 years

By 2020, experts project that _____ of children at 30 years of age will still have living grandparents.

80%

Paul Costa and Robert McCrae conducted the ______ Study, which uses the Big Five factors of personality to track adult personality development.

Baltimore

Why are middle-aged adults sometimes described as the "sandwich" generation?

Because they must care for their adolescent and young adult children as well as their aging parents

The ______ study found little to support the view that personality universally changes or remains stable from early adolescence through a portion of midlife.

Berkeley

the ______________ Longitudinal Studies profiled more than 500 children and their parents in the 1920s and early 1930s and then again as they entered midlife, resulting in the book Present and Past in Middle Life.

Berkeley

Who conducted the "Grant Study," which involved Harvard University men in their early 30s and their late 40s who had initially been interviewed as undergraduates?

George Vaillant

George Vaillant's study, called the "_______ Study," involved Harvard University men in their early 30s and their late 40s who had initially been interviewed as undergraduates.

Grant

Which of the following is one of the three longitudinal studies conducted by George Vaillant?

Grant study

Which research project studied more than 500 children and their parents in the 1920s and early 1930s and then again as they entered midlife, resulting in the book Present and Past in Middle Life?

The Berkeley Longitudinal Studies

What was the name of Daniel Levinson's report on his extensive interviews with middle-aged men?

The Seasons of a Man's Life

what do recent studies suggest about middle-aged parents?

They are more likely to provide support to their grown children than to their parents.

According to Erikson, what causes people to feel stagnation in life?

When they believe they have done nothing for the next generation

Research indicates that personality ______ throughout adulthood, but there is greater ______ in personality during middle adulthood.

changes;stability

The majority of sibling relationships in middle adulthood can be described as ______.

close

Compared to younger adults, most individuals in midlife who are married voice ______ with their marriages.

considerable satisfaction

According to Levinson, a person between the ages of 28 and 33 is faced with which of the following tasks?

determining life goals

When parents experience a sharp drop in marital satisfaction after adult children leave the home, this is known as _________ _____________ syndrome.

empty nest

Parents who live vicariously through their children and who report a decline in marital satisfaction when their children leave the home are experiencing ______.

empty nest syndrome

Seasons of a Man's Life by Daniel Levinson was based upon the results of ______.

extensive interviews with 40 middle-aged men

When men face stress, they are more likely to respond in a ______ pattern, while women are more likely to respond in a ______ pattern.

fight or flight; tend and befriend

In which of the following areas are parents and adult children LEAST similar?

gender roles

According to Erikson, ____________ occurs in middle adulthood and encompasses adults' desire to leave legacies of themselves.

generativity

Forty year old Maritska wishes to establish a pediatric AIDS foundation overseas. According to Erikson, she is focused on establishing a sense of _______

generativity

Parenting, teaching, and involvement in the community are examples of how middle-aged adults can develop _________ , according to Erikso

generativity

Levinson's The Seasons of a Man's Life supported the notion that men ______.

go through four major conflicts that comprise a midlife crisis

Recent studies revealed that middle-aged adults were ______ their counterparts in late adulthood to view their relationships with indifference or ambivalence.

more likely than

In general, high scores on the Big Five factor of ______ are associated with less optimal life outcomes.

neuroticism

Having a positive outlook on life and minimizing problems is known as

optimism

The Berkeley studies found that the most stable aspects of personality included all of the following, EXCEPT ______

self-control

According to Erikson, __________ develops when middle-aged adults sense they have not done anything for the next generation.

stagnation

Jacob, who is 45, has amassed a lot of wealth but has not done anything to benefit the next generation. According to Erikson, he may be in a state of _________

stagnation

The process by which, over time, people become more adept at interacting with the environment and in ways that promote increased stability in personality can be described as ______.

the cumulative personality model

Olivia is a 19-year-old college student who hopes to be a physician's assistant in a large medical facility. She plans to be married and have two children by the time she turns 30. Levinson would call this ______.

the dream

The contemporary life-events approach takes into account all of the following, except ______.

the stability of one's personality over time

Which of the following is NOT a belief attributed to the contemporary life-events approach?

the stress of life events alone influences a person's development.

True or false. In their Baltimore Study, Costa and McCrae found relative stability in the big five factors of personality across adulthood; however, recent studies have found greater variability over the course of the life span.

true

True or false: It is rare for sibling closeness to develop for the first time in adulthood.

true

Romantic love tends to be stronger in early adulthood, while ______ love tends to be stronger in middle adulthood.

companionate

As adult children become middle-aged, they often develop more ______ perceptions of their parents.

positive