Middle Ages - Grade 9

This development led to the shortages of labor in 14th century Europe and in 16th and 17th century north and south america

outbreak of the black death and smallpox

A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that the civilization

preserved Greek and Roman learning and passed it on to western and eastern Europe

One of the major achievements of Byzantine Emperor Justinian was that he

preserved and transmitted Greek and Roman culture

an important contribution of feudalism was that it

provided for some law and order in society

The art, music and philosophy of the medieval period in Europe generally dealt with

religious themes

characteristic of feudal society

rigid class structure

This best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church in Europe during the Middle Ages

The church provided a sense of stability , unity and order

Education declined in Western Europe during the Middle Ages because

The fall of the Roman Empire

The Middle Ages in Western Europe was characterized by

The manor system and importance of land ownership

"The peace of God declared that feudal warfare could not take place on church property and it promised sanctuary in churches and abbys to fugitives from combat....."

This implies that the church had considerable political power during this time

What were 2 indirect results of the Crusades

Trade and commerce increased and the feudal system was weakened

As the Black Death spread, this region experienced the greatest loss of life

Urban areas

A muslim perspective during the crusades

We must fight to keep control of Jerusalem in the hands of those who believe in Allah

Byzantine Empire...

Western Europe owed a debt of gratitude to the Empire that for almost a thousand years ensured the survival of Christianity during a time when Europe was too weak to accomplish the task

The direct result of the black death in Europe

a shortage of workers developed

Most economic activites on a feudal manor were related to

agriculture

during the feudal period in Europe, power and position in society were based on the

amount of land possessed (owned)

feudal societies are characterized by

an emphasis on social order

In Europe, a long term effect of the Crusades was

an increased demand for goods from the East

in general which direction did the black death spread in the 14th century

asia to Europe

These groups of people were closely associated with the spread of black death

merchant and pilgrims

Black death primarily spread by the actions of

merchants

The relationship among groups of people under feudalism...

obligations among social classes were clearly defined

Economic system that existed in Europe during the early middle ages was

manorialism

Byzantine Heritage...

Blended Christian beliefs with Greek art and philosophy, extended Roman engineering achievements, preserved literature and science textbooks, adapted the Roman principles of justice

Empire had the greatest influence on the history and cultural development of Russia

Byzantine

After the fall of Rome, the eastern portion of the Roman Empire became known as the

Byzantine Empire

Justinian ruled during

Byzantine Empire

"Come then, with all your people and give battle with all your strength, so that all this treasure shall not fall into the hands of the Turks...Therefore act while there is still time lest the kingdom of Christians shall vanish from your sight...and in your coming you will find your reward in Heaven... which event is referred to in this quotation

Crusades

European motives for Fighting the Crusades

Desire to be released from federal obligations, defense of the Holy Land, forgiveness of sins, desire for wealth from the Middle East

Byzantine Achievements...

Hagia Sophia, icons and mosaics, Justinian code, preservation of Greek and ROman culture

Byzantine Empire

Justinian Sacratissimi

Feudal Obligations...

Lords and Serfs

Economic system most closely associated with this photo

Manorialism

Europe during the early Middle Ages...

Manorialism developed to meet the people's economic needs

An influence that spread from the Byzantine Empire to early Russia was

Orthodox Christian Religion

Important contribution of the Byzantine Empire to Russia is the establishment in Russia of

Orthodox Christianity

In Europe during the Middle Ages, the force that provided unification and stability was the

Roman Catholic Church

In Western Europe, feudalism developed after

Roman Empire collapsed

Religion that had the greatest influence on the historic and cultural development of the Byzantine Empire

Rome

The Eastern Orthodox Church and the Cyrillic alphabet originated in the Byzantine Empire. What does the practice of this religion and the use of this alphabet in Russia indicate

Russia was influenced by cultural diffusion

European Feudal System

Society based on social class

"all things were under its domain...its power was such that no one could hope to escape its scrutiny" This describes...

The Church

The Crusades have been called "history's most successful failures" Why is this?

The Crusades did not achieve their original goals, but they brought about many desirable changes in Europe

What is the most valid generalization about the Crusades

The Crusades increased trade between Europe and Asis

In European feudal society, an individual's social status was generally determined by

birth

A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades (1096-1291) was to

capture the Holy Land from Islamic Rulers

The bubonic plague effected economic development in medieval times by

causing production to decline and prices to rise

growth of feudalism in Europe during the Middle Ages was primarily caused by the

collapse of a strong central government

Characteristics of Feudal Europe

decentralizing governments, widespread usage of manorialism, increased power of the Roman Catholic Church

Life expectancy in Medieval England from 1276-1375 gradually declined due to

disease

a common feature of feudal societies in both Japan and Europe...

domination by a military class

a characteristic of European federalism

existence of many small semi-independent units

a society in which the landed aristocracy has most of the wealth and political power is

feudal

The bubonic plague in Europe, Asia and Africa

followed trade routes

One important effect of the Crusades on Western Europe was that they

furthered cultural diffusion throughout western Europe

Religion played a significant role..

in the lives of its residents

Primary reason for the spread of the bubonic plague

increase in trade

An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was

increased tension between Muslims and Christians

the result of the barbarians who sacked town and villages and burned down churches

individuals surrendered many of their rights to local lords in return for protection

Constantinople became the center of the Byzantine Empire becuase

its location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia

characteristic of feudalism

land was exchanged for military service and obligations

Medieval Life in Europe was characterized by

limited social mobility

A Feudal Manor consists of what economic concept

self-sufficiency

Gothic Architecture

stained glass windows assist people in understanding biblical stories, taller and larger cathedrals emphasized the grandeur and glory of God

The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New World by

stimulating European demand for goods from the East

The European feudal system was

supported by the labor of peasants

The term feudalism is best defined as

system in which land is exchanged for military service and loyalty

What was a major result of the Crusades

the development of new economic interests for Europe

the...relationship was essentially a contract between lord and vassal which was defined and enforced by mutual agreement...it was assumed that lord and vassal had a common interest...the welfare of the fief

this is feudalism political system

The Roman Catholic Church of the Middle Ages has been compared to a modern-day government because the Church

was responsible for providing many services needed by the people

an important cause of the rise of the feudalism in Europe

weakness of central government authority

the factor that contributed most to the rise of the feudal system in Europe

weakness of the central governments