Midterm

The rate of gastric motility and the release of gastric juice ____ when the food moves into the small intestine.

decrease

Diverticular disease:

is characterized by the presence of pouches that form along the intestinal wall.

Undernutrition and overnutrition both are examples of

malnutrition

For transcription to happen, _____ must communicate the DNA code to organelles outside the cell nucleus.

messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)

Which of the following foods provides the most cholesterol in a single 3-ounce serving?

milk

A saturated fatty acid contains ____ carbon-to-carbon bonds.

only single

Which of the following publications is the preferred source for reputable information about nutrition and other sciences?

peer-reviewed journals

A particular genetic mutation that is present in at least 1% of the population is called a ______.

polymorphism

Beta-oxidation takes place in all cells except brain and _____ cells.

red blood

Protein digestion involves the hormones gastrin, CCK, and _____.

secretin

Where does the chemical digestion of protein begin?

stomach

Most of the major anabolic pathways operate during _____.

the fed state

According to the DRI committee, people who participate in high levels of exercise need _____ protein on a body-weight basis as compared to those who do not participate in high levels of exercise.

the same amount of

Enzymes that shift atoms from one molecule to another are called __________.

transferases

The process of protein synthesis involves three basic steps: cell signaling, transcription, and _____.

translation

An elevated body temperature temporarily increases your BMR.

true

Cell membranes are composed of a phospholipid bilayer.

true

Condensation is one type of chemical reaction that joins molecules together.

true

Epinephrine, a hormone, helps increase blood glucose levels by promoting glycogenolysis.

true

Generally, animal-derived foods are sources of quality protein.

true

Only water and alcohol are absorbed to any significant extent by the stomach.

true

Positively charged ions are called cations, while negatively charged ions are called anions.

true

Serving sizes are included on the Nutrition Facts panel so that nutrient contents of similar foods can be compared.

true

The kidneys, lungs, and skin assist in eliminating potentially harmful metabolic wastes from the body.

true

The study of the interaction of nutrition and genetics to influence health is called nutrigenomics.

true

The waist-to-hip ratio or waist circumference can be used to determine one's body fat distribution pattern.

true

Macronutrients include carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and _____.

water

Your child was just diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. She presented with the following symptom(s):

weight loss and extreme thirst

The FDA- approved nutrient content claim "calorie free" means that a food product contains ______ kcalories (Calories) per serving.

<5

Substrate phosphorylation is a process that results in the generation of some _____.

ATP

What molecule is uniquely suited to transfer energy to energy-requiring anabolic reactions?

Adenosine triphosphate

Which of the following would be considered an abnormal fasting plasma glucose level for a person with diabetes?

140 mg/dL

Healthy adults are recommended to consume ____ of their energy from lipids.

20-35%

What is the approximate BMI for a person who weighs 220 pounds and is 5 feed 11 inches tall?

31 kg/m2

A sandwich you ate contained 20 grams of CHO, 32 grams of protein, and 10 grams of fat. What percentage of the kcalories in the sandwich came from protein?

43%

Which of the following represent recommended intakes of nutrients based specifically on a 2,000- and a 2,500-kcalorie diet

DV

What hormone is released when the food you have just eaten reaches your stomach?

Gastrin

What is the definition of moderate-intensity physical activity?

Exertion that is 3.0-5.9 times as intense as rest

What recently discovered hormone appears to increase food intake by signaling the release of anabolic neurotransmitters?

Ghrelin

What is produced as the result of the digestion of amylose and amylopectin?

Glucose

What do scientists call the health-promoting substances found in plants?

Phytochemicals

The ____ for a particular nutrient is the daily dietary intake level considered sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all healthy individuals (about 97%) of the same gender who are in a particular stage of life.

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

What does it mean if a tissue has "insulin-requiring glucose transporters"?

The tissue requires insulin to stimulate the uptake of glucose.

The majority of TEE is accounted for by:

basal metabolism

Dietitians often recommend that we frequently consume foods containing omega-3 fatty acids. An omega-3 fatty acid is one that has its first double bond ____ end of the molecule.

between the third and fourth carbons from the methyl

What is the anatomical birth defect that results in an opening between the oral and nasal cavities called?

cleft palate

If a group of farmers who grow oranges helps fund a university-based research project to determine the amount of vitamin C contained in fresh vs. frozen orange juice, it is appropriate to _____.

determine if the funding group influenced the research findings

Which of the following artificial sweeteners contains phenylalanine and thus poses a potential risk to people who have the genetic condition phenylketonuria?

equal

A chronic disease is an infectious illness that results in death.

false

Children are never diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

false

Fermentable fibers promote selective growth of beneficial microflora and include pectin and cellulose.

false

HDLs deliver cholesterol to tissues that use it for structural and metabolic purposes.

false

Hydrochloric acid is released from parietal cells of the stomach and is responsible for hydrolyzing the peptide bonds of the protein's primary structure.

false

The DASH diet requires participants to jog or run as part of the regimen.

false

The fluid that surrounds cells is called the intracellular fluid.

false

The number of sequences of amino acids in a single polypeptide chain is called the sequential structure of a protein.

false

Vitamins and minerals are organic chemcials.

false

GI motility and the release of GI secretions are coordinated with the introduction of ____ into each of the regions of the GI tract.

food

Your body needs additional glucose and is catabolizing glycogen. This process is called:

glycogenolysis.

Coenzymes assist enzymes by transferring ______ to form molecules.

hydrogen ions and electrons