Midterm Ch. 16-21

President Theodore Roosevelt's reform program was called the

"Square Deal."

During World War I, popular words of German origin were changed; "hamburger" became

"liberty sandwich."

Which of the following was not a military technology used during World War I?

atomic bombs

In the summer of 1865, President Andrew Johnson ordered nearly all land in federal hands

be returned to its former owners

The Woman's Christian Temperance Union began by demanding the prohibition of alcoholic drinks, but developed into an organization

calling for a comprehensive program of economic and political reforms, including the right to vote.

During the Progressive era, economic production shifted from ____ to ____.

capital goods, consumer products

The Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871

defined crimes that deprived citizens of their civil and political rights as federal offenses. Under these laws President Grant sent federal marshals to arrest hundreds of accused Klansmen.

Between 1900 and 1904 membership in the American Federation of Labor

exploded to triple earlier membership numbers.

All of the victims of the Ku Klux Klan were black.

false

As part of the 1907 Gentleman's Agreement, Japan agreed to end migration to the United States except for male agricultural workers to aid in producing food for troops.

false

Black Americans were unwelcome as members of the Congress of Industrial Organizations.

false

By 1912, the Socialist Party had dwindled, losing many of their political office posts and lessening ties with radical newspapers and magazines

false

During the 1920s, as sociologists Robert and Helen Lyndon found in Middletown, elections were lively centers of public attention, much as they had been in the nineteenth century.

false

Farmers experienced booming profits during the 1920s.

false

In 1924, Coolidge was unsuccessful in his reelection.

false

In the late nineteenth century, urban workers rallied in support of Populist farmers.

false

One of the significant consequences of World War I was the advancement of equality for American blacks, who demonstrated heroism, courage, determination, and patriotism during the war.

false

President Hoover and his secretary of the treasury, Andrew Mellon, took quick, decisive action to curtail the economic downturn that began in October 1929.

false

Quick action by President Hoover's administration kept millions of American families from losing their life savings, when, in the early 1930s, hundreds of banks across the United States failed.

false

Some 900 blacks sat in state legislatures during Reconstruction, yet few held local offices.

false

The Black Codes were laws passed by southern Republicans to promote black rights.

false

The Lost Cause mythology was rarely incorporated into churches as slavery was still questionable in the Bible.

false

The Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I was a savvy and fair, if short, document that equitably distributed culpability for the war among all warring factions.

false

The nation's first national park was Yosemite.

false

Theodore Roosevelt's "New Nationalism" called for vigorous federal intervention in the economy, while Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom" called on government to stay out of business affairs.

false

During the 1920s, a group whose most well-known leader was Billy Sunday and who asserted their conviction in the literal truth of the Bible became known by which term that they coined?

fundamentalists

Progressive-era writers and photographers seeking to expose the underside of urban-industrial society were known as

muckrackers

In President Andrew Johnson's view, African-Americans ought to play what part in Reconstruction?

none

Upon taking office in 1921, Warren G. Harding promised a return to

normalcy

President Herbert Hoover's 1932 Reconstruction Finance Corporation did all of the following except

offer direct relief to the unemployed.

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the vote because of race.

The experiment of Prohibition attempted to promote moral behaviors. Prohibition was appealing from a government standpoint for all of the following reasons except

prohibition attracted many immigrants to America, particularly Irish and practicing Catholics.

Before the Civil War, American citizenship had been closely linked to

race

The 1897 Dingley Tariff

raised tariff rates to their highest level in American history to that time.

During the 1880s, the South as a region as a whole

sank deeper and deeper into poverty.

Following the Civil War, white and black farmers in the South

saw the price of cotton fall steadily.

Which was not a consumer good in the 1920s?

televisions

What was the name of the labor organization of principally white, male, skilled workers that arose in the 1880s and was headed by Samuel Gompers?

the American Federation of Labor

In the mid-1930s, unions of industrial workers, led by John L. Lewis, founded a new labor organization, called

the Congress of Industrial Organizations.

The proposed constitutional amendment to eliminate all legal distinctions "on account of sex" promoted by Alice Paul was

the Equal Rights Amendment.

The largest citizens' movement of the nineteenth century was

the Farmers' Alliance.

President Wilson articulated the clearest statement of American war aims and his vision of a new postwar international order in

the Fourteen Points.

The vibrant black culture in 1920s New York City that included poets and novelists Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes, and Claude McKay was called

the Harlem Renaissance.

What war lasted from 1899 to 1903, in which 4,200 Americans and over 100,000 Filipinos perished?

the Philippine War

The "splendid little war" of 1898 was

the Spanish-American War.

Radical Republicans in the Reconstruction era shared the view that

the Union victory created a golden opportunity to institutionalize the principle of equal rights for all, regardless of race.

The outbreak of World War I in 1914 was triggered by

the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand.

Henry Ford's factory adopted a method of production known as

the moving assembly line

In a society that had made political participation a core element of freedom, this became central to the former slaves' desire for empowerment and equality.

the right to vote.

Pope Leo XIII's 1894 Rerum Novarum and the Catholic Priest Father John A. Ryan's A Living Wage (1906) called for all of the following except

the view that the Catholic Church should in no way become involved in discussions of wages, working conditions, and the ethical basis of the free market economy.

An oversupply of cotton on the world market, which led to a sharp decline in prices, contributed to a farmers' revolt and gave rise to the Populist movement.

true

Another important example of federal intervention and a new activism on the part of the national government into the economy was the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) by which the federal government became the agent policing the labeling and quality of food and drugs.

true

Birth of a Nation, a movie filled with the ideologies of white supremacy and the Ku Klux Klan, had its premiere showing at the White House.

true

Business leaders like Henry Ford and engineers like Herbert Hoover were cultural heroes in the 1920s.

true

By 1929, 80 million Americans went to the movies each week, and almost 5 million owned radios.

true

By 1929, the United States produced more than 40 percent of the world's manufactured goods.

true

By 1932, one-quarter of the U.S. labor force could not find work.

true

By the 1890s, the United States had the highest divorce rate in the western world.

true

During 1919, more than 250 people died in riots in northern cities.

true

During Radical Reconstruction, following ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, the vast majority of eligible African-Americans registered to vote.

true

During Reconstruction, some 2,000 African-Americans held public office, among them fourteen in the United States House of Representatives and two U.S. senators.

true

During the 1920s, a culture in which the purchase of consumer goods (even if this meant going into debt) increasingly replaced thrift and self-denial, which had earlier characterized notions of good character.

true

During the Progressive era, the Imperial Valley of California was transformed by irrigation and became a major area of commercial farming.

true

During the first two decades of the twentieth century, cities expanded so rapidly that, by 1920, for the first time more Americans lived in towns and cities than in rural areas.

true

Immigrant women were largely confined to low-paying factory employment.

true

In 1866, the Civil Rights Bill became the first major law in American history to be passed over a presidential veto.

true

In marriage, according to advertisements in the 1920s, women were expected to find happiness and freedom within the home, especially in the use of new labor-saving appliances.

true

In the last year and a half of Wilson's presidency, his wife, Edith, headed the government.

true

One result of Muller v. Oregon was that women were still considered weak, dependent, and incapable of enjoying the same economic rights as men.

true

Opposition to Reconstruction resulted from the distaste many southerners had for tax increases that were needed to fund public schools and other improvements, and from many white southerners inability to accept black Americans voting, holding office, and enjoying equality before the law.

true

President Wilson's Fourteen Points had asserted the principle of "self-determination." In this spirit, W. E. B. Du Bois organized a pan-African Congress in Paris that put forward the idea of a self-governing nation to be carved out of Germany's African colonies. Koreans, Indians, Irish, and others also pressed claims for self-determination.

true

President Woodrow Wilson authorized more military interventions into Latin America than any other president in American history.

true

Ten of the twelve states that by 1916 had adopted women's suffrage were carried by Wilson in the election that year; without women's votes, Wilson would not have been reelected.

true

The 1905 Niagara movement derived its name from the fact that a group of black leaders met at Niagara Falls, Canada, since no hotel on the American side would accommodate them.

true

The Federal Reserve System (established in 1913) and the Federal Trade Commission (established in 1914) were major examples of the remarkable expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy during the Progressive era.

true

The Ku Klux Klan was founded in 1866 as a Tennessee secret society and served, in effect, as a military arm of the Democratic Party.

true

The country was plunged into an economic depression in 1873 and support among Republicans for further reforms in the South weakened.

true

The election of 1896 is sometimes called the first modern presidential campaign, in part, because of the amount of money spent - William McKinley raised some $10 million, while William Jennings Bryan raised only around $300,000.

true

Theodore Roosevelt was the youngest president in American history.

true

William Taft fired the head of the U.S. Forest Service after he accused the secretary of the interior of colluding with business interests and repudiating the Roosevelt administration's environmental goals. This prompted Theodore Roosevelt to launch an independent campaign for president as head of the new Progressive Party.

true

Women's freedom in the 1920s was characterized by unapologetic use of birth control methods such as the diaphragm.

true

Which of the following was not a leading strategy of the Populists?

using vigilante tactics to intimidate farmers who failed to join the cause

Black Americans who refused to sign labor contracts to work for whites during Reconstruction

were often convicted of vagrancy and fined; sometimes they were then auctioned off to work for the person who paid the fine.

How many soldiers perished during World War I worldwide?

10 million

While actual numbers have never been determined, and the true figure may be higher, the confirmed number of people lynched between 1880 to the mid-twentieth century is nearly

4000

The Progressive-era economic system based on mass production and mass consumption came to be called

Fordism

The commissioner of Indian affairs who launched an "Indian New Deal" that ended a policy of forced assimilation and allowed Indians unprecedented cultural autonomy, and who secured the passage of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, was

John Collier.

This political and social group promoted agricultural education and believed farmers should adopt modern scientific methods of cultivation.

Populists

What was the name of the railroad car company against which workers struck in 1894?

Pullman

In November 1917, in the midst of World War I, a communist revolution broke out in what country?

Russia

The idea of a romanticized version of slavery in the Old South, focusing on the Confederate experience, was called

The Lost Cause.

In 1925, what was the Tennessee trial in which a public schoolteacher faced charges of violating the state's law prohibiting the teaching of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution?

The Scopes Trial

Who was the future American president who made a national name for himself by charging up San Juan Hill with the Rough Riders?

Theodore Roosevelt

This federal agency presided over all elements of war production from the distribution of raw materials to the prices of manufactured goods.

War Industries Board

Dollar Diplomacy, the U.S. foreign policy that emphasized economic investment and loans from American banks, rather than direct military intervention, was the policy of

William Howard Taft.

Struggles over land and labor were a common part of the post-emancipation experience in many countries, yet this one aspect made the United States unique.

Within two years after the end of slavery, black males were given the right to vote.

The 1892 People's Party platform, written by Ignatius Donnelly and adopted at the party's Omaha convention, proposed all of the following except

a decentralization over the control of currency.

Who was the first cabinet member in American history to be convicted of a felony for accepting nearly $500,000 from businessmen to whom he leased government oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming?

Albert Fall

Who was the leader of the National Woman's Party, an organization that employed militant tactics in favor of women's suffrage?

Alice Paul

Upon Lincoln's assassination, ____________ became president.

Andrew Johnson