Midterm for EDPS

What are three characteristics of effective teachers

Communication Knowledge of content area Inclusive curriculums and classroom

What is a correlation in research? How is it different from cause and effect?

Correlation: there seems to be a connection, but it does not necessarily mean cause and effect Low SES = low reading levels not always though, there are other things involved. measuring two variables and assessing the relationship

What is IQ (in general) and how is it measured?

IQ is intelligent quotient

What are the big five OCEAN "supertrait" characteristics of personality? Which is most directly connected with academic success?

Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

What is action research? How does it connect to the notion of "teacher-as-researcher?"

Seeks change by doing research and taking action at the same time.

What does the field of educational psychology study? Why?

The scientific study of learning. Memory, conceptual processes, individual methods

What was the traditional "average" (by definition) IQ score? What is the Flynn Effect in regards to IQ scores and their changes over the decades

Traditional: 100 Flynn Effect: the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores

What is the wug test, and what was it measuring

A test that tests the morphology of children especially

Explain the differences between intelligence types in Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence: analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, practical intelligence.

Analytical: ability to analyze judge and evaluate compare and contrast Creative: ability to create design invent originate and imagine Practical: ability to use apply implement put into practice

Be able to explain the processes that children use to construct schemas and move from one stage to another in Piaget's theory: assimilation, accommodation, organization, equilibration.

Ass: incorporating new info into existing schema Acc: Adjusting schema to incorporate new info Org: Grouping behavior and thoughts into categories Equil: Shift from one stage of thought to the next higher one

Explain how children in the preoperational stage exhibit centration (which is responsible for) egocentrism (think of the "mountains task") and lack of conservation

Centration: Focusing on only one characteristic of an item at a time Egocentrism: not being able to see info from other people's pov Conservation: when putting liquids in different sized containers kids will get confused.

What does a culture-biased test look like? What does a culture-fair test look like?

Culture biased: including info that is specific to a culture or ethnic group Free testing could include more things like shapes patterns and numbers

What is culture? What are examples of deep versus surface-level cultural traits?

Culture: The behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a particular group of people that are passes on from generation to generation. Deep: students are more likely to actively construct what they learn and give meaning to what they need to remember. Surface: fail to tie what they are often rotely memorizing information.

What is the Montessori Method of early childhood education?

Developmentally appropriate education Controversy in early childhood education Academic versus child-centered

Explain the differences (in regards to exploring an identity and in committing to an identity) between identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement.

Diffusion: An individual has not yet explored the options and has not committed to any particular identity in this area Identity Foreclosure: An individual has not yet explored the options but has has pre-committed to a particular identity in an area, perhaps because of the pressure from parents, role models, or peers. Identity Moratorium: An individual is exploring the options, but hasn't committed yet to a particular identity in an area. Identity Achievement: An individual has explore the options and has committed to a particular identity in an area.

What is the difference between a constructivist approach and a direct instruction approach to teaching?

Direct is when the teacher is teaching at the kids and is more of a lecture style class while constructivist is when the kids are involved through active participation

How is equality different from equity in education?

Equality we treat everyone exactly the same. That does not always meet the needs of everyone Equity meeting the individuals needs of the students

Explain the difference between experimental (laboratory) observation, naturalistic observation, and participant observation in research.

Experimental: Controlled setting from which many of the complex factors of the real world have been removed Naturalistic: Behaviour is observed in the real world Participant: when the observer-researcher is actively involved as a participant in the activity or setting

What is a schema (in Piaget's theory of development)?

Ideas about the world Train of thoughts or ideas on a certain subject

What is the difference in behavior between a child with an impulsive learning style and a child with a reflective learning style? Which style connects most closely with academic success in America?

Impulsive: sole problems fast Reflective: solve problems slow and accurately

In experimental research, what is an independent variable and a dependent variable?

Independent: does not change based on another variable changing Dependent: changes based on the happenings of the other variables

What is the focus of the individual in Kohlberg's stages of moral development: Preconventional reasoning, conventional reasoning, and postconventional reasoning? In other words, what is the motivation behind each stage for an individual to decide what is good and to do it?

Level 1 Preconventional: No internalization Level 2 convent: intermediate internalization of moral reasoning Level 3 post convent: full internalization of moral reasoning

What is the nature-nurture issue when talking about child development? How does this relate to the neuroconstructivist view of brain development (which is very popular in educational circles right now)?

Nature: genetics resulting in intelligence Nurture: environment resulting in intelligence Neuroconstructivist: says both play a big role as well as the ontogen

Explain the differences between authoritarian parenting, authoritative parenting, neglectful parenting, and indulgent parenting. What parenting style is assumed to have the best outcomes for children?

Neglectful: uninvolved Indulgent: highly involved but set few restriction Authoritarian: restrictive and punitive Authoritative: nurturing and supportive yet sets limits

What benefit do teachers and students get from educational psychology research?

Non specific but know what you're talking about

What is the difference between a child with an optimistic learning style and a pessimistic learning style? Which style connects most closely with resilience and academic success?

Optimistic: Positive outlook on the future, less depression and do better academically Pessimistic: negative outlook on the future, worse academics

What are transitivity and seriation (which children first exhibit in the concrete operational stage)

Pg 45 Seriation child being able to put things in a series Transitivity this idea connects to this and this to this so A>B B>C A>C

What are these levels of language structure: phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics

Phonetics: Sound in a lang Phonology: Sounds patterns, what can go together and how they act when they are together Morph: word parts and how they go together to make words Semantics: word meaning literal and figurative Syntax: sentence structure word order Intonation: voice pitch and meaning it carries Pragmatics: Rules of language use in social context

What is cultural responsiveness? How does it differ from cultural awareness, multicultural education, or "colorblindness?"

Providing environments of caring, clear comm, respectful and representative curriculums.

What is the difference between quantitative research and qualitative research? What are examples of quantitative data sources for a research project? What are examples of qualitative sources?

Quantative involves numbers Qualitative are not numbers ie behavior ect

What is socioeconomic status (SES)? In what ways does it connect to academic success? Be prepared to talk about at least two areas in which poverty has a direct impact on academic success

SES: The grouping of people with similar occupational, educational, and economic characteristics.

Explain the different areas of Socioemotional Learning we worked with in class: self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, responsible decision making. Which one is the goal?

Self-awareness: the ability to accurately recognize one's own emotions, thoughts, and values and how they influence behaviour Self-management: The ability to successfully regulate one's emotions, thoughts and behaviours in different situations - effectively managing stress, controlling impulses, and motivating oneself. Social awareness: Taking the perspective of and empathizing with others Relationship skills: Establishing and Maintaining Healthy and Rewarding Relationships Responsible decision making: Making Constructive Choices

Describe the ages and characteristics of Piaget's stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.

Sensory: birth to 2 uses senses and motor skills items known by use Preop: 2-6 symbolic thinking language used egocentric thinking Concrete: 7-11 Logic applied, has object/rational interpretations Formal: 12 Thinks abstractly hypothetical ideas broader issues

What is the difference between a child with a deep learning style and a surface learning style? Which style connects most closely with academic success in America?

Surface: memorizing and reproducing content Deep: extending ideas, detecting patterns, applying knowledge and skills in new context

In experimental research, what is the difference between an experimental group and a control group?

The control group stays the same while the experimental group is the group that changes variables

Explain Vygotsky's theory of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). How does scaffolding fit into this?

Things that a learner can do without assistance - what they can't do even with assistance Push your student into the zone where they can do it but with help Scaffolding is the extra help that you give someone to push them into the ZPD

Explain the differences between intelligence types in Gardner's set of multiple intelligences: verbal, mathematical, visual-spatial, kinesthetic, musical, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and naturalistic.

Verbal: the aility to think in words and to use language to express meaning mathematical: The ability to carry out mathematical operations Visual-spatial: The ability to think three-dimensionally Kinesthetic: The ability to manipulate objects and be physically adept Musical: A sensitivity to pitch, melody, rhythem, and tone Intrapersonal: the ability to understand and effectively interact with others Naturalistic: The ability to observe patterns in nature and understand natural and human-made systems