Midterm HR #2

problem

A(n) ________ refers to a discrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired state.

terminal

According to Milton Rokeach, ________ values refer to desirable end-states.

tasks are independent rather than interdependent

According to goal-setting theory, goals are more likely to have a stronger impact on performance when ________.

visionaries

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, introverted-intuitive-thinking-judging type of people are ________.

prefer their world to be ordered

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the judging type ________.

low on distinctiveness

According to the attribution theory, if a behavior scores ________, we tend to attribute it to internal causes.

consensus

According to the attribution theory, if everyone who faces a similar situation responds in the same way, we can say the behavior shows ________.

quality of supervision

According to the two-factor theory proposed by Herzberg, which of the following is considered a hygiene factor?

are less likely to emerge as leaders

As compared to high self-monitors, low self-monitors ________.

We don't look at targets in isolation.

Extremely attractive or unattractive individuals are most likely to be noticed in a group. Which of the following statements best describes the reason behind this?

instrumental; terminal

Milton Rokeach organized values into two categories: ________ values and ________ values.

Big Five model

The ________ is a personality assessment model that describes five basic dimensions encompassing most of the significant variation in human personality, namely extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience.

Pygmalion effect

The best way for a manager to use verbal persuasion is through the ________, a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true.

behaviorism

The concept of operant conditioning is a part of the broader concept of ________, which argues that behavior follows stimuli in a relatively unthinking manner.

confirmation

The tendency to seek out information that reaffirms past choices and to discount information that contradicts past judgments is known as ________ bias.

extraverted/introverted

What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of "E or I" stand for?

attribution theory

When individuals observe another person's behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused. Which of the following attempts to explain this phenomenon?

physiological

Which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying one's hunger, thirst, and other bodily needs?

interpersonal relationships

Which of following needs best corresponds to McClelland's need for affiliation?

drawing a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic

Which of the following describes the halo effect?

Introverts experience less burnout than extraverts.

Which of the following differentiates introverts from extraverts?

rational decision-making model

Which of the following is a decision-making model that describes how individuals should behave in order to maximize some outcome?

They may result in the respondent rating themselves better to create a good impression.

Which of the following is a drawback of self-report surveys?

interest

Which of the following is a factor present in a perceiver which may affect perception?

novelty

Which of the following is a factor present in a target which may affect a person's perception?

recognition

Which of the following is a motivational factor according to Herzberg's two-factor theory?

stereotyping

Which of the following is a shortcut used in judging others by making generalizations?

social recognition

Which of the following is a terminal value according to Milton Rokeach?

personal discipline

Which of the following is an instrumental value according to Milton Rokeach?

self-report surveys

Which of the following is the most common means of measuring personality?

Personality assessments have been increasingly used in diverse organizational settings.

Which of the following is true about personality assessments used in organizations?

They are more likely than others to be seen as leaders.

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding people with proactive personalities?

Personality is influenced by hereditary factors.

Which of the following statements is true about personality?

People do better when they get feedback on how well they are progressing toward their goals.

Which of the following statements is true regarding goal-setting theory?

expectancy theory

Which of the following theories discusses three relationships: effort-performance relationship, performance-reward relationship, and rewards-personal goals relationship?

There is little evidence that needs are structured or operate in the way it describes.

Why is Maslow's theory criticized?

seeking solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient

With reference to decision making, which of the following does satisficing involve?

because someone convinces you that you have the skills necessary to be successful

With reference to the four sources of self-efficacy as proposed by Albert Bandura, verbal persuasion involves becoming more confident ________.

Self-serving

________ bias indicates the tendency of an individual to attribute his or her own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.

Intuitive decision making

________ is an unconscious process created from distilled experience.

Motivation

________ is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.

Escalation of commitment

________ refers to staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence it's wrong.