midterm

________ may be defined as an individual's current capacity to perform the various tasks in a job. A) Ability B) Age C) Duty D) Role E) Tenure

A) Ability

________ is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. A) Anthropology B) Deontology C) Epistemology D) Agnotology E) Dysteleology

A) Anthropology

Which of the following is the best example of the use of intimidation? A) Anya's boss, Kira, sets difficult targets and hints that Anya may lose her job if she doesn't meet them. B) Jill's manager, Steve, rarely considers her business ideas, but he consistently praises the contributions of Jill's colleague, Emily. C) Natasha's colleagues often make jokes using cultural or ethnic stereotypes. D) Although Kathleen had spent a longer time in the organization, her colleague Gary was promoted to a management position. E) Jane's colleagues recently forgot to invite her to a team lunch, a fact that caused her great distress.

A) Anya's boss, Kira, sets difficult targets and hints that Anya may lose her job if she doesn't meet them.

________ refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events. A) Attitude B) Behavior C) Appearance D) Demeanor E) Performance

A) Attitude

Which of the following is true with regard to moderating variables in attitude relationships? A) Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior. B) General attitudes tend to predict particular or specific behaviors. C) Attitudes are less likely to be remembered if frequently expressed or talked about. D) The relationship between an attitude and a behavior is weaker if an attitude involves a direct relation to personal experience. E) Conflicts between attitudes and behavior occur when there are no social pressures.

A) Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior.

Lesley Torres is a project manager for the campaign "Action against Deforestation in Indonesia." She recently faced a glitch when the campaign could not be launched publicly according to schedule. Torres monitored the schedule to find the cause of the delay before speeding up the implementation process by allocating more members for the implementation phase. By doing this, which of the following functions is she performing? A) controlling B) planning C) formulating D) leading E) organizing

A) Controlling

________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which involves using logic to assess the implications of an argument. A) Deductive reasoning B) Spatial visualization C) Haptic perception D) Multistable perception E) Lateral masking

A) Deductive reasoning

________ are caused by a specific event, are very brief, and are accompanied by distinct facial expressions. A) Emotions B) Perceptions C) Attitudes D) Moods E) Reactions

A) Emotions

Which of the following is a characteristic of emotions? A) Emotions are reactions to a person or event. B) Emotions last for a longer time period than moods. C) Emotions are never action-oriented in nature. D) Emotions lack a contextual stimulus. E) Emotions involve less intense feelings than moods.

A) Emotions are reactions to a person or event.

Which of the following is true according to the affective events theory? A) Employees react emotionally to events at work, which affects their job performance and satisfaction. B) Employees who score high on emotional stability are more likely to react strongly to negative events. C) Employees who experience emotional dissonance at work can only be motivated with the help of money. D) An employee's emotions are independent of the employee's age and gender. E) Employees scoring high on the personality trait of extraversion tend to be more successful at the workplace.

A) Employees react emotionally to events at work, which affects their job performance and satisfaction.

________ is a key independent variable in positive organizational behavior research. A) Engagement B) Apathy C) Despair D) Constraint E) Pessimism

A) Engagement

________, which may occur intentionally or unintentionally, refers to keeping certain people in a work place away from job opportunities, social events, discussions, or informal mentoring. A) Exclusion B) Mockery C) Stalking D) Ragging E) Bullying

A) Exclusion

________ emotions are emotions that people actually experience, despite what they might display. A) Felt B) Conditional C) Surface D) Disseminative E) Cognitive

A) Felt

360.org, an organization working toward curbing climate change, recently conducted an interview with Jessica for the position of a public relations officer. However, interviewers Brenda and Laura are divided over whether Jessica should be given the job. Brenda believes that Jessica does not have in-depth knowledge about the issue of global warming and its impact. On the other hand, Laura feels that Jessica would be perfect for the job because she has strong networking and interpersonal skills. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen Laura's argument? A) Gaining the support of corporate giants would comprise a large part of the job. B) Jessica will need to prepare extensive reports about the issue of climate change. C) The role will require Jessica to give presentations to environmental experts on renewable modes of energy. D) Jessica had negligible experience in research and development. E) Jessica has weak analytical skills to solve problems associated with implementing options of renewable energy.

A) Gaining the support of corporate giants would comprise a large part of the job.

Which of the following statements is true regarding gainsharing? A) Gainsharing focuses on productivity gains rather than profits. B) Gainsharing involves paying employees based on the number of new skills acquired by them in a specific time period. C) Gainsharing does not distribute profits, only gains in profits. D) Employees working under gainsharing plans have a greater feeling of psychological ownership. E) Gain sharing encourages social loafing.

A) Gainsharing focuses on productivity gains rather than profits.

________ refers to an overall factor of intelligence as suggested by the positive correlations among specific intellectual ability dimensions. A) General mental ability B) Malleable intelligence C) Extelligence D) The Flynn effect E) Virtual memory

A) General mental ability

Jeanne Edwards works as a campaign manager at Rainforest Alliance Trust, a forest protection organization in Indonesia. She is currently working on the Palm Oil Campaign which aims at establishing stringent laws against companies which aggravate deforestation to extract palm oil for commercial use. Her role is to establish allies with other forest protection organizations and companies which use eco-friendly products that set good examples for other companies to follow. Jeanne allied with Griffin and Powell, a large multinational company, which, unknown to Jeanne, also has strong ties with local logging groups in Jakarta. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the argument that Jeanne had an availability bias while establishing an ally with the company? A) Griffin and Powell ensures that all their CSR initiatives on forests are regularly and substantially publicized. B) Jeanne has adequate experience in leading such campaigns. C) Jeanne is well acquainted with various research techniques. D) Jeanne has access to environmental records maintained by the Information Ministry. E) Rainforest Alliance Trust has strong networks with local environmental research organizations.

A) Griffin and Powell ensures that all their CSR initiatives on forests are regularly and substantially publicized

With reference to the Big Five Model, which of the following is a difference between highly agreeable and less agreeable people? A) Highly agreeable people tend to do better in interpersonally oriented jobs than less agreeable people. B) Highly agreeable people are less compliant and less rule abiding than less agreeable people. C) Highly agreeable people tend to be less satisfied in their jobs than less agreeable people. D) Highly agreeable people engage in less organization citizenship behavior than less agreeable people. E) Highly agreeable people have more tendency to engage in organizational deviance than less agreeable people.

A) Highly agreeable people tend to do better in interpersonally oriented jobs than less agreeable people

The human resource department of Healthy Eating, a chain of health food stores, recently conducted a survey to analyze employee commitment. Which of the following statements is most likely to indicate a high degree of organizational commitment? A) I am a great believer in the importance of a healthy diet and this is why I am glad to be working for a company that is trying to make simple, healthy food available to all. B) I enjoy working for Healthy Eating because of the growth prospects that it offers and the wide range of responsibilities each one of us has. C) Even though I only work in the production department, it's good to know that my feedback gets considered during our interactive in-house sessions. D) The challenging nature of the work and the thoughtful and generous way the firm treats its staff has made Healthy Eating the best place I have ever worked in. E) My company offers me good perks and benefits.

A) I am a great believer in the importance of a healthy diet and this is why I am glad to be working for a company that is trying to make simple, healthy food available to all.

Which of the following statements represents a person's job attitude? A) I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me hone my networking skills. B) I believe my work has a direct impact on the processes of the organization. C) I believe my work performance indicates my caliber and potential. D) I agree with the organization about its commitment to the environment. E) I believe in the organization's objectives about supporting the underprivileged.

A) I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me hone my networking skills.

Which of the following statements is an example of the behavioral component of an attitude? A) I have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department. B) I am thrilled to know that the human resource department is looking for a climate campaigner. C) The position of a climate campaigner is challenging and interesting. D) The position of a climate campaigner will allow me to explore my skills as a campaigner. E) I think the position of a climate campaigner involves extensive travel.

A) I have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department.

________ refers to a dimension of intellectual ability which involves identifying a logical sequence in a problem and using this logical sequence to solve the problem. A) Inductive reasoning B) Spatial visualization C) Form perception D) Visual perception E) Visual prosthesis

A) Inductive reasoning

Why do people who perceive themselves as victims of interactional injustice often blame their immediate supervisor rather than the organization at large? A) Interpersonal justice or injustice is intimately tied to the conveyer of the information. B) Interactional injustice usually occurs during face-to-face encounters. C) When people are not treated with respect, they tend to retaliate against those closest at hand. D) Interactional injustice is in the eyes of those who perceive they are disrespected. E) Interactional injustice is most often the result of the impersonal policies of the organization.

A) Interpersonal justice or injustice is intimately tied to the conveyer of the information.

________ refers to a gut feeling not necessarily supported by research. A) Intuition B) Reasoning C) Rationality D) Logic E) Inference

A) Intuition

Which of the following is not true regarding emotion regulation? A) It can be defined as a person's ability to understand the meaning of emotions. B) Persons engaging in emotion regulation might try to cheer themselves when they're feeling down. C) It involves identifying and modifying the emotions one feels. D) Emotion regulation is a strong predictor of task performance for some jobs and organization citizenship behavior. E) Surface acting has only a minimal effect on emotion regulation.

A) It can be defined as a person's ability to understand the meaning of emotions.

Which of the following statements is true regarding surface acting? A) It involves foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules. B) It involves changing one's likes and dislikes to be in sync with display rules. C) It involves displaying one's true feelings explicitly toward a person. D) It deals with expressing felt emotions toward a person or event. E) It involves trying to modify one's true inner feelings based on display rules.

A) It involves foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules.

________ refers to a positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics. A) Job satisfaction B) Job design C) Positivity offset D) Constructive dismissal E) Picketing

A) Job satisfaction

You manage a department of five employees. You have identified that Joe has a high need for achievement, Mary has a high need for power, and Tim has a high need for affiliation. Sarah scored high on the need for power and low on the need for affiliation. Doug scored low on both need for power and need for affiliation. Which of these five employees is most likely to be suitable for a new assignment that involves a high degree of personal responsibility and feedback? A) Joe B) Mary C) Tim D) Sarah E) Doug

A) Joe

Johanna Murray, a climate campaigner at The National Footprint Foundation, is known in her organization to be a campaigner of caliber and high performance. She has strong networks with the Ministry of Environment and allies with several environmental organizations in the country. Over the years, she has gained substantial knowledge on the issue of climate change. However, recently when she prepared a consolidated report on a conference she attended on climate change, it reflected major loopholes and limited information from the conference. Which of the following, if true, substantiates that Johanna had anchoring bias? A) Johanna was moved by the arguments put forth by the first speaker. B) Johanna participated actively in the interactive session conducted at the end. C) The speakers at the conference consisted of renowned environmental scientists and activists. D) Johanna has attended several conferences where the panel consisted of eminent scientists. E) Johanna was shocked by the startling facts shown during the concluding session.

A) Johanna was moved by the arguments put forth by the first speaker

Jonah is currently trying to decide whether or not to allow Kate to be part of a delegation that will represent their company at an international business expo. Apart from allowing the company to market its business to potential clients, the expo will give the members of the delegation a chance to meet and network with various industry professionals and gain valuable industry insights. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Kate's chances of being selected? A) Kate is socially inept and tends to display her true disposition and attitude in every situation. B) Kate behaves differently in different situations, and occasionally presents striking contradictions between her public persona and her private self. C) Kate has a strong sense of independence and often gets work done without any support from others. D) Kate is often in agreement with other's ideas and opinions. E) Kate is gregarious and comfortable in changing contexts and ambiguous situations.

A) Kate is socially inept and tends to display her true disposition and attitude in every situation

________ are predesigned packages, or modules of benefits, each of which meets the needs of a specific group of employees. A) Modular plans B) Employee stock ownership plans C) Profit-sharing plans D) Merit-based plans E) Flextime plans

A) Modular plans

The ________ is a personality assessment consisting of 100-questions where respondents are classified as extraverted-introverted, sensing-intuitive, thinking-feeling, and judging-perceiving. A) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator B) Birkman Method C) Karolinska Scales of Personality D) Keirsey Temperament Sorter

A) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which refers to the ability to do speedy and accurate arithmetic. A) Number aptitude B) Verbal comprehension C) Deductive reasoning D) Spatial visualization E) Amodal perception

A) Number aptitude

________ is an example of an outcome at the organizational level. A) Profitability B) Diversity C) Personality D) Mood E) Culture

A) Profitability

________ is a pure marker of low negative affect. A) Boredom B) Nervousness C) Contentment D) Relaxation E) Serenity

A) RELAX

________ refers to the biological heritage people use to identify themselves. A) Race B) Values C) Beliefs D) Religion E) GMA

A) Race

Which of the following is the best example of mockery as a tool of discriminatory treatment in organizations? A) Rifka's supervisor often stereotypes Rifka because of her ethnic heritage and makes jokes about her ethnicity. B) Because she is considerably older than the rest of her team, Hannah's colleagues often do not invite her to team lunches or informal team get-togethers. C) Joan's boss sets impossible targets and reprimands her in front of her colleagues if she fails to complete them on time. D) Sheena is the only African-American employee in her department and often feels left out of office jokes and gossip. E) Most of Leanne's co-workers are male and share inappropriate jokes at the office.

A) Rifka's supervisor often stereotypes Rifka because of her ethnic heritage and makes jokes about her ethnicity.

Which of the following statements is true about measuring job satisfaction? A) The single global rating system is not very time consuming. B) The summation of job facets approach takes into account cognitive dissonance experienced by employees. C) The summation of job facets approach prevents managers from zeroing in on problems. D) The summation of job facets approach involves responding to one particular question. E) The single global rating approach is rarely used for measuring job satisfaction.

A) The single global rating system is not very time consuming.

Which of the following statements is true about people with positive core self-evaluations ? A) They are committed to their goals and set ambitious goals. B) They view themselves as powerless over their environment. C) They tend to question their capabilities and capacities. D) They lack persistence to achieve goals. E) They tend to be disliked by superiors and co-workers.

A) They are committed to their goals and set ambitious goals

Which of the following is most likely to be true regarding people with a high level of other-orientation? A) They feel obligated to help people who have helped them. B) They help people when they expect to be helped in the future. C) They tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation. D) They believe that others exist for their benefit. E) They tend to be selfish and exploitive in nature.

A) They feel obligated to help people who have helped them

Which of the following is true regarding contingency variables? A) They refer to situational factors that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. B) They make simple, accurate, and sweeping generalizations about concepts in organizational behavior. C) They indicate that everyone is motivated by money and financial perks. D) They refer to scientific factors which are based on universal truths. E) They remain constant irrespective of any change in the environment.

A) They refer to situational factors that moderate the relationship between two or more variables.

Which of the following statements is true regarding an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP)? A) Under this plan, employees acquire company shares, often at below-market prices. B) There exists a strong correlation between ESOPs and employee performance. C) The financial stake in the company is adequate to use ESOPs as an effective means to motivate employees. D) ESOPs are effective because, like bonuses, they reward recent performance. E) ESOPs are also called competency-based pay plans.

A) Under this plan, employees acquire company shares, often at below-market prices.

The ________ is the most widely used intelligence test in hiring decisions and takes only twelve minutes to be completed. A) Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test B) Ammons Quick Test C) Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales D) Kohs block design test E) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

A) Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test

According to the attribution theory, which of the following behaviors is most likely to be attributed to an external cause? A) a behavior that scores high on consensus B) a behavior that scores low on distinctiveness C) a behavior that scores high on consistency D) a behavior that scores low on traceability E) a behavior that scores high on rigidity

A) a behavior that scores high on consensus

Which of the following is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience? A) affect B) knowledge C) insight D) attention E) cognition

A) affect

Malcolm Industries recently hired a large number of workers for the company's new construction factory in Colorado. During the hiring process, the management made a clear effort to recruit physically strong individuals because the work at the factory involves manual labor. The jobs need to be performed by individuals who have the energy and physical stamina to work for long hours. Which of the following surface-level characteristics did the company most likely concentrate on when selecting the new workers? A) age B) values C) beliefs D) religion E) personality

A) age

Self-inside, one of the four referent comparisons in the equity theory, refers to ________. A) an employee's experiences in a different position inside the employee's current organization B) an employee's experiences in a different position outside the employee's current organization C) another individual or group of individuals inside the employee's organization D) an employee's experiences in a similar position outside the employee's current organization E) another individual or group of individuals outside the employee's organization

A) an employee's experiences in a different position inside the employee's current organization

Which of the following is one of the six essentially universal emotions agreed on by a majority of researchers? A) anger B) shame C) apathy D) indifference E) distress

A) anger

Myriam is analyzing the gender roles of men and women in management in the United States and comparing them to the gender roles in management in Japan. She is surveying fifty male and fifty female managers in each country to compare their daily behavior. Myriam's study exemplifies how ________ contributes to OB. A) anthropology B) psychology C) archaeology D) political science E) corporate strategy

A) anthropology

________ explains the ways in which we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we assign to a given behavior. A) Attribution theory B) Equity theory C) Object relations theory D) Attachment theory E) Cultural schema theory

A) attribution theory

Which of the following represents a pay plan that rewards employees for recent performance rather than historical performance? A) bonus B) flexible benefits C) modular plans D) cafeteria plans E) base salary

A) bonus

The statement, "A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights demonstrates double standards" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude. A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive

A) cognitive

Anna Jonas owns a manufacturing firm in Indonesia and strongly believes that it is important that workers' rights be respected. However, because of the recent economic meltdown, she makes the management pay workers a wage which is below ethical standards. In addition, the working conditions are below standards because of low investment in safety equipment. She knows her actions are unethical but continues to do so to avoid major losses. Jonas is most likely to be experiencing ________. A) cognitive dissonance B) emotional contagion C) ethical evasion D) self-concordance E) positivity offset

A) cognitive dissonance

The job characteristics model describes five dimensions of a job. A job can be enriched by modifying one or more of these five dimensions. Which of the following methods of job enrichment involves modifying skill variety and task identity dimensions of a job? A) combining tasks B) forming natural work units C) establishing client relationships D) expanding jobs vertically E) opening feedback channels

A) combining tasks

Self-determination theory proposes that in addition to being driven by a need for autonomy, people seek ways to achieve ________. A) competence and positive connections B) high rewards C) recognition and status D) career growth E) power and control

A) competence and positive connections

________ refers to bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person. A) Core self-evaluation B) Authoritarianism C) Self-monitoring D) Machiavellianism E) Agreeableness

A) core self-evaluation

Which of the following functions do managers undertake as part of planning functions? A) defining an organization's goals B) implementing strategies for achieving goals C) executing plans to integrate activities D) accomplishing goals of a project E) employing strategies to coordinate tasks

A) defining an organization's goals

Anne Warner, a climate campaigner at an environmental organization, is in charge of implementing a campaign activity where she needs to increase the use of renewable energy in the villages of Vietnam. For her project, she uses the rational decision-making model to implement activities. She has just completed identifying an appropriate criteria for decision making and has allocated weights to the criteria. Which of the following is Warner most likely to undertake next according to the model? A) develop options of wind, solar, and hydro energy B) analyze the problems of the project C) determine goals of the project D) select hydro energy as the best option E) weigh advantages between solar and wind energy

A) develop options of wind, solar, and hydro energy

Jonathan Cowan is upset because he was passed over for a promotion he had really worked hard for. In response to his anger toward the manager and the company, he has started gossiping about the manager with his colleagues and assigning blame on him unnecessarily. Jonathan's behavior is an example of ________. A) deviant workplace behavior B) distinction bias C) cognitive dissonance D) positivity offset E) emotional dissonance

A) deviant workplace behavior

According to the attribution theory, ________ is one of the three main factors which attempt to determine an individual's behavior. A) distinctiveness B) perverseness C) flexibleness D) resilience E) timorousness

A) distinctiveness

Tiffany Crowe works as a showroom executive at a clothing boutique in London. Today, she is in a positive mood and instantly greets and smiles at a customer who walks into the store. The customer feels welcomed by her response. While browsing the store, Crowe helps the customer with products and passes on her positive mood to the customer. The customer leaves the store feeling content with a smile on her face. Which of the following best describes this situation? A) emotional contagion B) positivity offset C) cognitive dissonance D) framing effect E) bandwagon effect

A) emotional contagion

Which of the following terms refers to a person's ability to detect and to manage emotional cues and information? A) emotional intelligence B) self-concordance C) emotional spectrum D) illusory correlation E) cognitive dissonance

A) emotional intelligence

A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work is known as ________. A) emotional labor B) self-concordance C) emotional liability D) negative affect E) cognitive deviance

A) emotional labor

Johanna Godfrey works as a guest relations executive at a five star deluxe hotel in Washington. During the course of her job, she needs to greet and smile at guests irrespective of her state of mind. In addition, when any guest faces problems, she needs to be calm and composed and help resolve issues. This shows that Johanna's job requires ________. A) emotional labor B) cognitive dissonance C) self-concordance D) positivity offset E) social loafing

A) emotional labor

Which of the following dimensions of the Big Five Model indicates a person's ability to withstand stress? A) emotional stability B) extroversion C) openness to experience D) agreeableness E) conscientiousness

A) emotional stability

An individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work he/she performs is known as ________. A) employee engagement B) cognitive dissonance C) emotional contagion D) positivity offset E) self-concordance

A) employee engagement

Job dissatisfaction and antagonistic relationships with co-workers predict a variety of behaviors organizations find undesirable, including unionization attempts, substance abuse, undue socializing, and tardiness. These behaviors are indicators of a broader syndrome called ________. A) employee withdrawal B) organizational commitment C) job involvement D) cognitive dissonance E) positivity offset

A) employee withdrawal

________ refers to staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence it's wrong. A) Escalation of commitment B) Fundamental attribution error C) Randomness error D) Risk aversion E) Availability bias

A) escalation of commitment

Whether a candidate has high emotional intelligence would be a significant factor when considering a candidate for the job of a(n) ________. A) event planner who needs to coordinate with several people B) engineer working on developing a software program C) web researcher who needs to consolidate online travel information D) copy-editor who checks spelling and grammatical errors in manuscripts E) technical writer who needs to create a 1000-word article every day

A) event planner who needs to coordinate with several people

Jill Ivey has been working as a sales executive at Orbit Bank for the last two years. However, she has noticed that she is often not given an opportunity to attend training programs that her team members attend every quarter. She also is disappointed about the fact that she never gets to handle corporate clients, which provides better chances of a promotion. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is she most likely to have been subjected to? A) exclusion B) mockery C) gaslighting D) destabilization E) mobbing

A) exclusion

Maria Womack works for a bank in Michigan and is dissatisfied with the way her manager treats her. She is planning to quit her job and find a new position with another competitor bank. Her action represents the ________ response. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance

A) exit

Beyond redesigning the nature of the work itself and involving employees in decisions, another approach to making the work environment more motivating is to alter work arrangements to meet employee needs. Which of the following is designed to give employees greater control of their schedule? A) flextime B) gainsharing C) job rotation D) job enlargement E) job enrichment

A) flextime

) Which of the following terms best describes the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others? A) fundamental attribution error B) bandwagon effect C) contrast effect D) emotional dissonance E) self-fulfilling prophecy

A) fundamental attribution error

Which of the following is a cause of work-life conflicts? A) global organizations B) sensemaking C) privatization of essential industries D) downshifting E) use of self-managed teams

A) global organizations

Which of the following is most likely to be related to reduced absences and lower resignation rates? A) high job involvement B) high cognitive dissonance C) low psychological empowerment D) low organizational commitment E) high emotional contagion

A) high job involvement

The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, may be defined as ________. A) human skills B) technical skills C) conceptual skills D) cognitive skills E) analytical skills

A) human skills

Which of the following is a factor present in a perceiver which may affect perception? A) interest B) similarity C) sound D) proximity E) background

A) interest

Hazel Samuels has been working at her company for the past two years and consistently gets yelled at by her manager even when she is not at fault. He often makes derogatory references to her ethnicity. In addition, during team meetings, she is his target for practical jokes and nasty pranks. She is extremely upset and decides not to be subjected to such treatment any longer. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is she most likely to report to the human resource department in such a situation? A) intimidation B) sexual harassment C) hazing D) mobbing E) whistle-blowing

A) intimidation

In a workplace, ________ involves overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees. A) intimidation B) risk aversion C) inequity aversion D) optimism bias E) ambiguity aversion

A) intimidation

Which of the following refers to a kind of discrimination which refers to overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees? A) intimidation B) impact bias C) inequity aversion D) framing effect E) benefaction

A) intimidation

Managers at Flavors, a restaurant chain, train their employees such that in the absence of employees, someone trained in the same skills can step in and do the job equally well. Thus, many modules in training are extensive as they provide employees with details of the skill sets required for different jobs. In practice, this lengthy training program does help the company as a well-trained and flexible workforce is at their disposal at all times. The managers at Flavors use ________. A) job rotation B) vertical enhancement C) telecommuting D) job sharing E) flextime

A) job rotation

Which of the following is the distinct characteristic of participative management programs? A) joint decision making B) representative participation C) performance norms D) establishment of work councils E) autocratic decision making

A) joint decision making

Ellen Ortiz works as a sales manager at a telecom firm. The company has recently launched a new product in the market. Her work in the next few weeks involves sharing knowledge about the product with her team members. She will also need to inspire them to reach their sales targets and clarify any doubts about the new product. Which of the following roles is Ortiz playing? A) leader B) liaison C) disseminator D) spokesperson E) negotiator

A) leader

Which of the following is a biographical characteristic of an employee? A) length of tenure B) work preferences C) personality D) values E) beliefs

A) length of tenure

Emotions such as relaxation, serenity, and calmness comprise the ________ mood dimension. A) low positive affect B) neutral affect C) low negative affect D) high positive affect E) high negative affect

A) low positive affect

Which of the following is a type of response to dissatisfaction that is constructive and passive? A) loyalty B) neglect C) voice D) reflect E) exit

A) loyalty

Which of the following is an example of an uplifting event according to the affective events theory? A) meeting a project milestone B) being passed over for a promotion C) colleagues refusing to carry their share of work D) receiving conflicting directions from different managers E) receiving a gift from a colleague on a birthday

A) meeting a project milestone

Christina Hutchins was recently recruited by a publishing firm in Manhattan. During her first month in the job, she demonstrated positive core self-evaluations. Which of the following did she most likely do? A) mentioned that she was confident about her basic competence B) expressed dissatisfied with the nature of work C) set less ambiguous goals and objectives D) gave up easily on tasks when faced with difficulties E) did not consider her work as challenging and fulfilling

A) mentioned that she was confident about her basic competence

A person who is made fun of because he is an Arab-American is being subjected to ________, a kind of discrimination in work environments. A) mockery B) vandalism C) cyberstalking D) gaslighting E) monomania

A) mockery

Stacy Hanes is an African-American woman who has recently taken her first job and does not seem to like the work environment at all. Her colleagues put down her ideas at team meetings and refer to them as "stupid." In addition, they make fun of her race and often ask her if she is educated enough to work for the company. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is Hanes most likely subject to? A) mockery B) sexual harassment C) stalking D) deception E) subterfuge

A) mockery

A(n) ________ is an abstraction of reality, a simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon. A) model B) input C) process D) outcome E) objective

A) model

A common characteristic of service jobs is that they ________. A) need substantial interaction with an organization's customers B) offer much higher pay in comparison with other non-service jobs C) have fewer working hours than other jobs D) require very little job knowledge compared to other jobs E) provide more perks and benefits to employees

A) need substantial interaction with an organization's customers

According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, which of the following is a kind of decisional role? A) negotiator B) disseminator C) liaison D) spokesperson E) monitor

A) negotiator

Which of the following terms best describes organizations that allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart? A) networked organizations B) hierarchical organizations C) matrix organizations D) stable organizations E) flat organizations

A) networked organizations

According to Fred Luthans and his associates' study of 450 managers, ________ made the largest contribution to the success of managers in terms of speed of promotion within their organization. A) networking B) decision making C) planning D) controlling E) staffing

A) networking

Lorna Perry, who works in a financial firm in Michigan, is required to calculate a large number of clients' accounts daily. She needs to tally figures and check accuracy at a high speed. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does Perry most likely use? A) number aptitude B) perpetual speed C) extent flexibility D) visual perception E) deductive reasoning

A) number aptitude

Tracy Winter works at a publishing firm in London and recently received an e-mail from the human resource department of her company, asking her to study a colleague, Cindy Camp's behavior and attention toward her work without her knowledge. Winter now needs to scrutinize her behavior and notice if she is free from distractions and pays sufficient importance to her tasks. Which of the following is Winter conducting? A) observer-ratings survey B) informational interview C) knowledge survey D) participant observation E) focus group survey

A) observer-ratings survey

In ________, a co-worker or another observer does an independent assessment of personality, with or without the subject's knowledge. A) observer-ratings surveys B) paid surveys C) knowledge surveys D) deviation surveys E) cadastral surveys

A) observer-ratings surveys

By 2020, the 55-and-older age group of the U.S. labor force will represent approximately ________ of the total labor force. A) one-quarter B) one-third C) one-half D) two-thirds E) three-quarters

A) one-quarter

When two people witness something at the same time and in the same situation yet interpret it differently, factors that operate to shape their perceptions reside in the ________. A) perceivers B) target C) timing D) context E) situation

A) perceivers

Oscar is looking for a new job. He used to be the company's top sales representative and was eagerly expecting to be promoted. However, one of the regional manager's friends was promoted to district manager instead. According to the expectancy theory, Oscar's dissatisfaction with his current job stems from a breakdown in the ________ relationship. A) performance-reward B) effort-performance C) reward-personal goal D) satisfaction-effort E) personal goal-self actualization

A) performance-reward

MBO provides individual employees with ________. A) personal performance objectives B) greater work supervision C) predefined targets D) generalized feedback E) clear-cut growth paths

A) personal performance objectives

Which of the following is an example of a sedentary activity that does not play a crucial role in increasing positive mood? A) playing video games at home B) going for a hike in the mountains C) going on a ski vacation D) eating a meal with family members E) going to a party with friends

A) playing video games at home

A(n) ________ refers to a discrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired state. A) problem B) decision C) instinct D) intuition E) perception

A) problem

Which of the following is one of the three variables proposed by a basic OB model which refers to actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs? A) processes B) scrutinization C) planning D) association E) evaluation

A) processes

Employees' beliefs in the degree to which they influence their work environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their jobs, and their perceived autonomy is termed as ________. A) psychological empowerment B) organizational dissent C) organizational commitment D) employee engagement E) secondary action

A) psychological empowerment

Austin Reed is a graduate student helping to organize a study on individual job satisfaction. The study focuses on the top five causes of satisfaction or dissatisfaction on the job. His department is surveying 200 individuals in 100 different types of organizations. Austin is most likely a graduate student in the department of ________. A) psychology B) anthropology C) political science D) entomology E) archaeology

A) psychology

Green Planet, an environmental organization, recently opened an office in Indonesia. The organization is currently looking for employees to staff a deforestation project in the country. They need to recruit individuals who understand the intricacies of Jakarta's culture and the mindset of the locals and are fluent in the local language. Which of the following are they most likely to consider while they recruit for these positions? A) race B) age C) beliefs D) gender E) length of service

A) race

Which of the following is a decision-making model that describes how individuals should behave in order to maximize some outcome? A) rational decision-making model B) flexible decision-making model C) distributive decision-making model D) associative decision-making model E) integrative decision-making model

A) rational decision-making model

Jack Holmes is a middle-aged, lower-level employee at an automobile service center. Though he is not paid very well, he loves his job. His supervisor speaks to him with respect, and he is the favored candidate for mentoring new employees because of the vast experience he holds in the job. Based on this information, which of the following is most likely to be the reason Jack likes his job? A) recognition B) prospects of growth C) salary D) flextime E) job sharing

A) recognition

Which of the following is an example of deviant workplace behavior? A) sabotaging one's organization's computers B) taking blame for not achieving a deadline C) putting forward one's views in a brainstorming session D) working during the weekend to make up for backlog E) requesting a two-day leave during the Christmas season

A) sabotaging one's organization's computers

Harriet Kirby, a fund raising manager at a women's rights organization, experienced a bad incident last year with the public relations manager of a banking company who had committed to sponsor a charity event. The bank backed out at the last minute. This year, when a renowned international bank executive showed interest in sponsoring the organization's upcoming annual event, Kirby rejected their participation. She felt that banks have a casual approach toward charity events, and it is risky to involve them in the event. Which of the following is Kirby most likely to be characterized by? A) selective perception B) cognitive dissonance C) self-serving bias D) bandwagon effect E) self-fulfilling prophecy

A) selective perception

Individuals engage in ________ because it is impossible for them to assimilate everything they see and can take in only certain stimuli. A) selective perception B) cognitive dissonance C) self-serving bias D) emotional labor E) self-fulfilling prophecy

A) selective perception

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ________ type are practical and prefer routine and order and focus on details. A) sensing B) extraverted C) feeling D) perceiving E) intuitive

A) sensing

What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of S versus N stand for? A) sensing/intuitive B) social/perceiving C) stable/negligent D) sympathetic/thinking

A) sensing/intuitive

April's colleague Nathan has consistently pestered her to go out on a date with him. Though she has refused his offer several times, he keeps persisting. She found an envelope on her desk from Nathan with inappropriate pictures and cartoons, which left her infuriated. She now intends to go discuss the matter with the human resource department of her company. Which of the following forms of discrimination is April most likely to cite? A) sexual harassment B) cyberstalking C) mobbing D) exclusion E) electronic harassment

A) sexual harassment

The church you go to every Sunday is made up of people who have very different lifestyles and are at different stages in their life. Joanna is a 23-year-old, single parent who works for minimum wage and shifts from motel to motel for accommodation. Josephine is a single, 45-year-old woman who earns a decent salary and has few interests and friends outside her office. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, has a loving family, and enjoys his work. You have decided to apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs to determine what motivates each of these individuals. Which of the following needs would most likely motivate Josephine? A) social B) esteem C) physiological D) self-actualization E) safety

A) social

Which of the following disciplines blends concepts from both psychology and sociology to focus on people's influence on one another? A) social psychology B) cosmology C) parapsychology D) lexicology E) eschatology

A) social psychology

Which of the following fields of study is most likely to involve studying organizational culture, formal organization theory, and structure? A) sociology B) deontology C) epistemology D) agnotology E) dysteleology

A) sociology

The role of a(n) ________, according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, is to transmit information to outsiders about an organization's plans, policies, actions, and results and to serve as an expert in the organization's industry. A) spokesperson B) disturbance handler C) entrepreneur D) leader E) liaison

A) spokesperson

The physical ability that allows a body to continue maximum effort at maintaining prolonged effort over time is known as ________. A) stamina B) extent flexibility C) static strength D) body coordination E) balance

A) stamina

Which of the following terms refers to the practice of hiding inner feelings and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules? A) surface acting B) anchoring bias C) active camouflage D) bandwagon effect E) framing effect

A) surface acting

MBO emphasizes goals that are ________. A) tangible, verifiable, and measurable B) achievable, controllable, and profitable C) inspirational, verifiable, and creative D) tangible, rewarding, and assigned E) profitable, attainable, and self-set

A) tangible, verifiable, and measurable

Individuals low in self-monitoring ________. A) tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation B) are pragmatic, maintain emotional distance, and believe ends can justify means. C) have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and are arrogant. D) are easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable. E) tend to dislike themselves and view themselves as powerless over their environment.

A) tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation

Which of the following best describes spatial visualization? A) the ability to imagine how an object would look if its position were changed B) the ability to retain and recall or remember past experiences C) the ability to identify visual similarities and differences quickly and accurately D) the ability to understand what is read or heard and the relation between words E) the ability to calculate numbers in a speedy and accurate manner

A) the ability to imagine how an object would look if its position were changed

Which of the following is Theory X consistent with? A) the autocratic style of managing people B) the principles of participative management C) the vertical enhancement of jobs to enhance autonomy D) the use of recognition and achievements to motivate employees E) the reduced need of supervision and direction from managers

A) the autocratic style of managing people

With reference to the job characteristics model, which of the following defines task identity? A) the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work B) the degree to which work activities generate direct and clear information about performance C) the degree to which a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling and procedure D) the degree to which a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people E) the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities

A) the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work

Organizational commitment is defined as ________. A) the degree to which employees identify with the organization they work for and its goals B) the state of discord caused by opposition of values between people working together C) the degree to which an employee's sense of cognitive dissonance is related to his/her job D) the employee's degree of disagreement or differential opinions about organizational practices E) the degree to which employees believe their work impacts their organization significantly

A) the degree to which employees identify with the organization they work for and its goals

According to the expectancy theory, the performance-reward relationship is the degree to which ________. A) the individual believes performing at a particular level will lead to desired outcomes B) organizational rewards satisfy an individual's personal goals or needs C) organizational rewards are perceived as attractive by the individual D) the individual believes that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance E) organization rewards correspond with the individual's level of effort

A) the individual believes performing at a particular level will lead to desired outcomes

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, introverted/ intuitive/ thinking/ judging type of people are ________. A) visionaries B) organizers C) conceptualizers D) executors E) methodists

A) visionaries

People often behave in ways that violate established norms and threaten the organization, its members, or both. Such actions are called ________. A) workplace deviant behaviors B) social alienation behaviors C) role engulfment D) behavioral contagion E) behavioral modernity

A) workplace deviant behaviors

Which of the following is an example of a piece-rate plan? A) $20 for each hour of work B) $2 for each unit produced C) stock options at cheaper prices D) straight commission plan E) spot bonuses

B) $2 for each unit produced

________ refers to individual differences in strength with which individuals experience their emotions. A) The Hawthorne effect B) Affect intensity C) Intelligence quotient D) Positivity offset E) Ambiguity effect

B) Affect intensity

Which of the following does the heredity approach state? A) An individual's personality is determined by the the social background one is brought up in. B) An individual's personality is determined by molecular structure of the genes. C) An individual's personality is influenced by the economic settings he is surrounded by. D) A person's personality traits are created by the company he keeps i.e., his friends and family. E) A person's personality traits are largely influenced by global trends and characteristics.

B) An individual's personality is determined by molecular structure of genes

Angela Wells recently applied for a job at Spiga, a lounge in Paris. Having worked in several restaurants and lounges in and across France, she was confident that she would get the job. However, soon after the interview, she was informed that another candidate was offered the job, even though the other candidate had limited experience in comparison to her. Angela feels that she was discriminated against. Which of the following, if true, would best justify Angela's assumption? A) The woman who was selected over her could speak French fluently. B) Angela is a single mother with two young children. C) Angela does not have a degree in hospitality management. D) The lounge caters to elite business clientele in Paris. E) Angela learned of the position through a friend working at the lounge.

B) Angela is a single mother with two young children.

The ________ is a personality assessment model that taps basic dimensions which encompass most of the significant variation in human personality, namely extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. A) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator B) Big Five Model C) Birkman Method D) Keirsey Temperament Sorter E) Forté Profile

B) Big Five Model

Johanna Murray, a climate campaigner at The National Footprint Foundation, is known in her organization to be a campaigner of caliber and high performance. She recently worked on a campaign against global warming during which she worked extremely hard to achieve project milestones. However, the campaign failed as it could not achieve the desired objective. Due to this, her manager, Brenda Owens gave her a poor performance appraisal. In the appraisal, Brenda said that Johanna was not motivated and failed to reach out to 25,000 people through Internet media to spread awareness about climate change. Which of the following, if true, weakens Brenda's statement? A) Johanna lacks experience in publicizing campaigns using Internet media. B) Brenda was unable to make time for Johanna to brief her on the tasks involved in carrying out the campaign's media strategy. C) Johanna recently moved from the agriculture campaign to the climate campaign. D) Johanna's previous job involved an extensive amount of researching on environmental issues. E) Brenda is known in the organization to be a fair and unbiased manager.

B) Brenda was unable to make time for Johanna to brief her on the tasks involved in carrying out the campaign's media strategy

Which of the following is not true regarding positive and negative emotions in different cultures? A) In China, people report experiencing fewer positive and negative emotions than people in other cultures. B) Compared to Mainland Chinese, Taiwanese are similar to Latin Americans in their experience of culture. C) The emotions felt by people in China are less intense than the emotions felt by people in other cultures. D) Compared to Mainland Chinese, Taiwanese are more like U.S. workers in their experience of emotions. E) On average, Taiwanese report more positive and fewer negative emotions than their Chinese counterparts.

B) Compared to Mainland Chinese, Taiwanese are similar to Latin Americans in their experience of culture.

Which of the following statements is true regarding employee recognition? A) Employee recognition is an extrinsic reward. B) Critics argue that employee recognition programs are highly susceptible to political manipulation by management. C) Employee recognition programs are expensive. D) Centralized programs across multiple offices in different countries can hinder the process of employee recognition programs. E) Employee stock option is a more powerful workplace motivator than recognition.

B) Critics argue that employee recognition programs are highly susceptible to political manipulation by management.

As part of their sales training, the staff at Penny Stores is encouraged to build personal relationships with the store's patrons. Apart from receiving product training, the staff is taught to follow a scripted sales process wherein they must greet the customers, introduce themselves, and enquire about their purchase. They are also encouraged to engage in casual conversation with the customer. In a recent survey conducted by the marketing department, it was revealed that customers were dissatisfied with the level of service at Penny Stores. Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation? A) Customers come to Penny Stores to make high-involvement purchases. B) Customers associate superior service with efficiency and not friendliness. C) Penny Stores offer an extensive range of consumer products. D) The training period for the staff is three weeks long. E) The staff at Penny Stores is friendly but not familiar.

B) Customers associate superior service with efficiency and not friendliness.

________ is not a benefit of flextime. A) Reduced absenteeism B) Decreased work/life balance C) Increased productivity D) Reduced tardiness E) Increased autonomy

B) Decreased work/life balance

________ refers to inconsistencies between the emotions people feel and the emotions they project. A) Collective efficacy B) Emotional dissonance C) Social loafing D) Positivity offset E) Self-concordance

B) Emotional dissonance

________ is a participative process that uses employees' input to increase their commitment to the organization's success. A) Job enrichment B) Employee involvement C) Vertical integration D) Groupshifting E) Job sharing

B) Employee involvement

Under which of the following conditions is job dissatisfaction most likely to result in turnover? A) Employees have negative core self-evaluation. B) Employees have high education and ability. C) Employment opportunities are scarce. D) Employees experience emotional contagion. E) Employees have supportive relationships with their co-workers.

B) Employees have high education and ability.

The managers suggestion is based on which of the following assumptions? A) Employees are not experiencing a lack of work-life balance. B) Employees' workload can be adjusted to accommodate their requests to go on leave. C) Employees have been misusing the company's policy that allows them to exchange unused leave for cash. D) Employees have been able to go on leave whenever they wanted to. E) Employees have been working on regular working days of the year.

B) Employees' workload can be adjusted to accommodate their requests to go on leave.

________ is a pure marker of high positive affect. A) Contentment B) Excitement C) Fatigue D) Boredom E) Relaxation

B) Excitement

Which of the following statements is true regarding the cognitive evaluation theory? A) People need extrinsic rewards in order to be motivated. B) Extrinsic rewards tend to reduce intrinsic interest in a task. C) Intrinsic rewards are almost as effective as extrinsic rewards. D) Externally imposed standards of work largely improve intrinsic motivation. E) Extrinsic rewards, including verbal praise, significantly decrease intrinsic motivation.

B) Extrinsic rewards tend to reduce intrinsic interest in a task.

productivity from one period to another to determine the total amount of money allocated. A) Employee stock ownership plan B) Gainsharing C) Profit sharing D) Piece-rate pay plan E) Merit-based pay plan

B) Gainsharing

What is the major problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality? A) It has an excess of classifications which tends to confuse a person. B) It forces a person to be categorized as either one type or another. C) It does not have a clear demarcation between different personality types. D) It tends to overemphasize intuitive traits over analytical traits. E) It indicates results related exclusively to job performance.

B) It forces a person to be categorized as either one type or another

Which of the following best defines organizational behavior? A) It involves the study of groups of people coming together for collective bargaining. B) It involves the study of what people do in a company and how it affects the company's output. C) It involves analyzing different people in an industry with independent profit-centered motives. D) It involves developing exclusively the knowledge of managers and senior-level employees. E) It is a field which is not influenced by factors in the external world.

B) It involves the study of what people do in a company and how it affects the company's output.

When Ariana Winter is told that her dog has been killed by a car, she feels deeply saddened. Her feelings are then overcome by a surge of anger at the car driver. However, minutes later, she is able to laugh and talk about the good memories spent with her pet. What is one of the reasons that Winter's reaction can be categorized as an emotion? A) Its cause is general and ambiguous. B) It lasted for a brief time period. C) It is not action-oriented. D) It is a negative feeling. E) It is cognitive in nature.

B) It lasted for a brief time period.

Which of the following is true with respect to workplace discrimination? A) Discrimination occurs more at lower levels in the organization than higher levels. B) It may lead to reduced productivity and citizenship behavior. C) Only intentional discrimination is addressed by diversity management efforts. D) Forms of discrimination like exclusion are easy to root out. E) The discriminators are invariably aware of their action toward the victim.

B) It may lead to reduced productivity and citizenship behavior.

________ is moderately correlated with organizational citizenship behavior. A) Emotional contagion B) Job satisfaction C) Absenteeism D) Turnover rate E) Cognitive dissonance

B) Job satisfaction

Which of the following actions best represents Kelly's high job involvement? A) Kelly always complains about her work to her colleagues. B) Kelly actively takes part in team activities and proactively takes up additional job responsibilities. C) Kelly shares the organization's vision of supporting renewable energy. D) Kelly dislikes the unethical practices followed by her employer. E) Kelly wants to continue working for the organization because many of her college friends are working there.

B) Kelly actively takes part in team activities and proactively takes up additional job responsibilities.

Naomi Fisher, a sales manager at Pure, a water purifier company, had a new member, Leah Marshall, join her team. Though during Leah's interview, Naomi felt she would be a productive sales executive, her performance has often been below the mark. Consistently in the past three months, Leah has been unable to reach her targets and is falling substantially behind on her annual targets. Naomi assumes that Leah is not determined and motivated enough to do what it takes. Which of the following, if true, weakens Naomi's assumption? A) Leah has often arrived late for team meetings conducted in the morning. B) Leah has been assigned a sales territory where consumers are from low income groups. C) Leah has good interpersonal skills and gets along well with her customers. D) Research showed that the company's largest competitor had a lower turnover than they did. E) Naomi recently received feedback from other team members that Leah is often uncooperative.

B) Leah has been assigned a sales territory where consumers are from low income groups

The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by ________. A) Abraham Maslow B) Leon Festinger C) Geert Hofstede D) Daryl Bem E) Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

B) Leon Festinger

Woodworth & Baines is a retail chain that has taken up numerous measures to improve employee attitude, motivation, and organizational performance. New training programs, employee engagement initiatives, and an employee welfare council were the three main strategies implemented as part of the employee empowerment program. Norman Kilner was one of twenty employees nominated to the employee welfare council where they were required to interact with the management to promote the interests of the employees. Additionally, the job roles of these twenty employees were vertically enhanced to give them more autonomy in the organization. However, six months into the employee empowerment program, a survey by HR revealed no actual change in employee attitudes. Similarly, a survey conducted by the production manager revealed that work productivity had not increased by any substantial measure either. Which of the following, if true, would best explain this outcome? A) Management strengthened the regulations relating to employee absenteeism in this period. B) Management retained the degree of control they had in the organizational affairs. C) The company moved from a merit-based to a piece-rate pay system in the last quarter. D) The employees performed poorly because of the lack of training and development programs. E) Management implemented a 360-degree feedback system for performance appraisals.

B) Management retained the degree of control they had in the organizational affairs.

___ are defined as people who oversee the activities of others and who are responsible for attaining goals in an organization. A) Assistants B) Managers C) Secretaries D) Interns E) Apprentices

B) Managers

Melissa Woods was recently hired as the campaign manager at an environmental organization. She has a degree in environmental sustainability and possesses substantial knowledge about the issue of global warming. She has the knowledge to lead the public relations team of the organization. However, a few months later, the board of directors of the organization expressed dissatisfaction with Melissa's performance and asked her to resign. Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation? A) Melissa had no prior experience in research and development. B) Melissa had weak interpersonal and networking skills to run the project. C) Melissa focused on the results her team achieved rather than how they achieved those results. D) Melissa is not up-to-date about the feasibility of using different modes of renewable energy. E) Melissa had a diverse network of contacts established from her previous job.

B) Melissa had weak interpersonal and networking skills to run the project.

Raylon Inc. is in the process of recruiting a new operations manager. The human resources team has narrowed the candidate list down to two candidates but cannot come to an agreement about whom to hire. Though both candidates have the relevant qualifications for the post, one will soon be 60 years old. The other candidate is in his early thirties. Rachel, a member of the HR team, recommends hiring the older candidate, citing his years of experience and leadership ability. Tim, on the other hand, strongly recommends that the company hire the younger candidate, as he is likely to be more flexible when it comes to working. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens Rachel's argument? A) The job requires frequent travel around the company's six factories located across the country. B) Most of the employees the operations manager will be supervising are under 30 years of age. C) Research has shown that older workers are more prone to absenteeism for health-related issues. D) Almost half of the company's top managers are in the 45-65 age bracket. E) The company recently instituted a new production system that cuts waste by 30 percent.

B) Most of the employees the operations manager will be supervising are under 30 years of age.

Laura Simpson, a campaign manager at a child rights organization in Jakarta, planned a marathon for celebrities to raise money for underprivileged children. Though all arrangements for the event had been made, a few days before the event she realized that on the same day there was a political rally happening in the city which will block access to the route on which the marathon was supposed to be undertaken. In such a situation, what is Simpson, who suffers from a self-serving bias, most likely to say? A) I did not do sufficient research on public events in the city. B) My colleagues did not inform me about the rally. C) The director had warned me of this. I should have known better. D) I should have weighed feasibility options for the event. E) I should have established better contacts to know about this update.

B) My colleagues did not inform me about the rally

Which of the following is the most likely reason why employers should employ older workers? A) They adjust to new technology promptly. B) Older workers have extensive work experience. C) Older workers are flexible and learn quickly. D) They have shorter tenures and hence lower pension benefits than younger workers. E) The rates of unavoidable absences are lower than those of younger workers.

B) Older workers have extensive work experience.

Sally Mitchell works as a manager at an environmental organization. She is currently working on a global warming project and decides which tasks related to creating awareness about the issue needs to be done. In addition, she is also deciding which members of her team will work on engaging with the public and which will work on lobbying with the government. She is also assigning people as team members to ensure that tasks are undertaken on time. Which of the following categories of functions is Mitchell undertaking? A) Planning B) Organizing C) Scrutinizing D) Controlling E) Envisioning

B) Organizing

Which of the following statements is true regarding sources of moods and emotions? A) Reduced sleep makes a person more alert during waking hours. B) Physical and informal activities increase positive mood. C) Weather has a controlling effect on moods. D) Intensity of negative emotions increases with age. E) Mounting levels of stress at work create positive emotions.

B) Physical and informal activities increase positive mood.

________ refers to the tendency of most individuals to experience a mildly positive mood at zero input when nothing in particular is going on. A) Low positive affect B) Positivity offset C) Blunted affect D) Negativity bias E) Residual positivity

B) Positivity offset

The best way for a manager to use verbal persuasion is through the ________, a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true. A) confirmation bias B) Pygmalion effect C) anchoring bias D) framing effect E) Electra complex

B) Pygmalion effect

________ is a pure marker of low positive affect. A) Stress B) Relaxation C) Boredom D) Nervous E) Alert

B) Relaxation

Based on the equity theory, which of the following, if true, would strengthen the argument that Megan is trying to gain a sense of equity by distorting her perception of herself? A) She thinks that her colleague is paid more because she is an Ivy League graduate. B) She believes that she is less capable than her colleague. C) She assumes that her colleague received a higher package due to changes in industry standards. D) She believes that her salary is not commensurate with her skills and experience. E) She believes that she is doing a lot better career-wise compared to the people with whom she graduated.

B) She believes that she is less capable than her colleague.

Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance? A) She believes that cosmetics help boost women's self-confidence. B) She believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice. C) She majored in pharmacology as part of her master's degree program in college. D) She recently received a positive performance review from her supervisor. E) She is confounded by the fact that the cosmetic industry rakes in almost $7 billion annually.

B) She believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice.

Which of the following is a difference between sociology and psychology? A) Sociology studies humans and animals whereas psychology focuses exclusively on humans. B) Sociology studies people in relation to their social culture whereas psychology focuses on the individual. C) Sociology incorporates research from social sciences, philosophy, and natural sciences; psychology does not. D) Sociology uses various methods of empirical investigation whereas psychology uses limited critical analyses. E) Sociology uses only qualitative techniques whereas psychology uses both qualitative and quantitative techniques.

B) Sociology studies people in relation to their social culture whereas psychology focuses on the individual.

Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the argument in favor of adopting job rotation? A) The company is currently facing numerous budget constraints. B) The company can enhance productivity of existing employees in various areas for different projects. C) Two front-level managers have resigned in the last quarter as they were not promoted. D) The company has launched a new brand which is cannibalizing one of its existing products. E) The company has recently given employees new responsibilities by combining their routine tasks into natural work units.

B) The company can enhance productivity of existing employees in various areas for different projects.

Synergy Inc. is a medium-sized logistics company. The management is facing tough times as the workers are dissatisfied and are engaging in a number of deviant workplace behaviors such as stealing and substance abuse during working hours. The management is considering various options to curb these counterproductive behaviors. What would be a better way to deal with such forms of workplace deviance? A) The management should let employees realize their wrongdoing on their own. B) The management should attack the source of the problem, i.e., the dissatisfaction. C) The management must introduce surveillance to ensure smooth flow of work. D) The management must suspend employees who engage in deviant workplace behaviors. E) The management must restrict the activities that adversely affect productivity.

B) The management should attack the source of the problem, i.e., the dissatisfaction.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the job characteristics model? A) The operation of the model is universal and unaffected by cultural factors. B) The operation of the model is relatively individualistic in nature. C) The operation of the model requires employees to have similar skill sets. D) The operation of the model cannot be quantitatively measured. E) The operation of the model fulfills only extrinsic motivational needs.

B) The operation of the model is relatively individualistic in nature.

Under which of the following conditions, if true, would the manager's suggestion least likely be accepted? A) The company conducts one-day offsite events on an annual basis to allow employees some time to unwind. B) The skills required by the company are highly specialized, and hence the company is short-staffed. C) The employees, though experiencing high levels of stress, also report high levels of job engagement. D) The company's employees have reported high stress levels for more than three years in a row. E) The company's leading competitor was recently voted as one of the best places to work due to its focus on employee well-being.

B) The skills required by the company are highly specialized, and hence the company is short-staffed.

Why is Maslow's theory criticized? A) The concept of self-actualization was unfounded. B) There is little evidence that needs are structured or operate in the way it describes. C) The esteem need is a more powerful motivator than self-actualization. D) Its terminology tends to alienate those to whom it is applied. E) It does not adequately describe how an organization can satisfy higher-order needs.

B) There is little evidence that needs are structured or operate in the way it describes.

Alex was sent to Beijing to help local managers solve the problem of growing worker dissatisfaction at their manufacturing facility located in the city. As part of his visit, he decided to have a town hall meeting with the workers to understand the problems that they were facing and the reasons for their discontent. The turnout at the meeting was substantial; however, when asked for their opinions and suggestions, the crowd fell silent. As a result, Alex was unable to determine the reason for employee dissatisfaction.Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation? A) A small portion of the workers at the facility belong to the Baby Boomers generation. B) There is an unequal distribution of power in the company. C) The employees are genuinely concerned about improving their lot. D) Alex was sent to Beijing as he was one of the few employees who were conversant in the local language. E) On previous occasions, the company has yielded to employee demands.

B) There is unequal distribution of power in the company

Which of the following is true regarding technical skills? A) They can be learned only through formal education. B) They encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge. C) They are not required at all kinds of jobs. D) They are monopolized by professionals. E) They comprise the ability to understand and motivate people.

B) They encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge.

________ bases a portion of an employee's pay on some individual and/or organizational measure of performance. A) Guaranteed pay program B) Variable-pay program C) Flexible benefits program D) Modular plans program E) Base pay program

B) Variable-pay program

________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which refers to the ability to understand what is read or heard and the relationship of words to each other. A) Lateral masking B) Verbal comprehension C) Depth perception D) Spatial visualization E) Visual perception

B) Verbal comprehension

________ refers to the heterogeneity of organizations in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse groups. A) Workforce associability B) Workforce diversity C) Cultural similarity D) Organizational congruity E) Operational homogeneity

B) Workforce diversity

Thurman Inc., a manufacturing company in Vermont, needs to hire employees for its new office in the city. The positions require the employees to travel across the country regularly. The management has specified that they are looking for employees below the age of 40 who are young and dynamic. Which of the following beliefs is the management most likely to hold? A) Younger workers make stronger judgments. B) Younger workers are more flexible to change. C) Younger workers have more experience. D) Younger workers have stronger work ethics. E) Younger workers are more committed to quality.

B) Younger workers are more flexible to change.

McClelland's theory is based on which of the following needs? A) stability, growth, and security B) achievement, power, and affiliation C) self-actualization, stability, and safety D) hygiene, control, and security E) control, status, and self-actualization

B) achievement, power, and affiliation

Johanna Rouse feels disheartened because she was not selected for the campaign exchange program in Amsterdam. Which component of an attitude does Rouse's feeling represent? A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive

B) affective

Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others? A) conscientiousness B) agreeableness C) extroversion D) openness to experience E) emotional stability

B) agreeableness

Which of the following is an example of externally caused behavior? A) An employee postpones a meeting because he overslept. B) An employee is late to work because of a punctured tire. C) An employee was fired because he violated a company policy. D) An employee was promoted when he achieved more than the assigned objectives. E) An employee closed a sale with an important corporate client because of his excellent negotiation skills.

B) an employee is late to work because of a punctured tire

Which of the following is an example of surface acting? A) an employee expressing her true admiration for her colleague B) an employee masking her emotions of distrust toward the management C) an employee striving to like her job even though it feels uninteresting D) an employee retorting back at an annoying customer E) a colleague making an effort to get along with a difficult team mate

B) an employee masking her emotions of distrust toward the management

One of the methods of job enrichment is to expand jobs vertically. This method involves modifying the ________ dimension of the job. A) task significance B) autonomy C) feedback D) task identity E) skill variety

B) autonomy

A manager doing performance appraisals gives more weight to recent employee behaviors than to behaviors of 6 or 9 months earlier. This shows that the manager's perception is affected by a(n) ________ bias. A) self-serving bias B) availability C) impact D) distinction E) hindsight

B) availability

________ bias refers to the tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is easily accessible. A) Anchoring B) Availability C) Overconfidence D) Confirmation E) Hindsight

B) availablity

For employee stock ownership plans to be effective in improving performance, they must ________. A) be based solely on productivity like gainsharing plans B) be implemented such that employees psychologically experience ownership C) be determined on the basis of performance appraisals and recent performance D) be planned such that they are unaffected by company profitability E) be based on the market compensation philosophy

B) be implemented such that employees psychologically experience ownership

Sarah Mayer works as a security officer and is in charge of keeping track of who is in the office at any given time. She notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they go out for meals, which makes it difficult to keep track of attendance of employees. Even though Mayer has repeatedly asked the employees to sign out, they have not followed her advice. She now decides to report the issue to her supervisor. Which of the following components of an attitude is being demonstrated by Mayer? A) affective B) behavioral C) positive D) cognitive E) knowledge

B) behavioral

Abigail Jones is a sales executive at Orbit Bank in Brussels. She is the best performer on her team and often gets the highest number of corporate accounts for the company. However, she feels that she does not get sufficient credit for her hard work. During lunch, she says to her colleague, "I have been getting the largest accounts for the bank for the past eight months. Yet, my manager never acknowledges the kind of effort I put in to get these accounts." Which component of attitude is being demonstrated by Jones? A) positive component B) cognitive component C) affective component D) behavioral component E) reflective component

B) cognitive component

Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in ________. A) organizational dissonance B) cognitive dissonance C) attitudinal clarification D) positivity offset E) affective reactance

B) cognitive dissonance

An example of a process at a group level is ________. A) diversity B) communication C) values D) culture E) emotions

B) communication

Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused. That determination, however, depends largely on three factors. Which of the following is one of these three factors? A) traceability B) consistency C) verifiability D) relatedness E) affect intensity

B) consistency

Which of the following is not an example of moral emotions? A) sympathy for the suffering of others B) contempt for those who behave ethically C) guilt about our own immoral behavior D) anger about injustice done to others E) disgust at violations of moral norms

B) contempt for those who behave ethically

Jessica recently joined a new company and was first introduced to Michelle, her cubicle neighbor. Michelle came across as amiable and cheerful. During lunch she met another colleague, Carrie, who did not come across as friendly as Michelle. In this situation, Jessica's interpretation of Carrie's personality is most likely to be affected by a ________. A) confirmation bias B) contrast effect C) fundamental attribution error D) self-serving bias E) bandwagon effect

B) contrast effect

________ refers to the evaluation of a person's characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics. A) Halo effect B) Contrast effect C) Confirmation bias D) Stereotyping E) Anchoring bias

B) contrast effect

Which of the following terms refers to choices made from among two or more alternatives? A) inquiry B) decision C) perception D) intuition E) rationalization

B) decision

The practice of modifying one's true inner feelings based on display rules is known as ________. A) surface acting B) deep acting C) social loafing D) behavioral contagion E) collective efficacy

B) deep acting

What is the first step in the rational decision-making model? A) developing alternatives B) defining the problem C) identifying the decision criteria D) weighing the decision criteria E) evaluating the alternatives

B) defining the problem

Jason has been spending a great deal of work time talking to his co-workers about how dissatisfied he is with the job. He also has spent quite a bit of time discussing unionization. In the last week, Jason has arrived at work intoxicated twice. His behavior can be classified as ________ behavior. A) citizenship B) deviant C) organizational commitment D) positive affect E) satisficing

B) deviant

The role of a(n) ________ is a type of informational role according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles. A) figurehead B) disseminator C) liaison D) entrepreneur E) negotiator

B) disseminator

Sally works as a customer care executive at a telecom office in Ohio. She often needs to interact with a regular customer and she finds him extremely annoying. However, because of the nature of her work, she conceals her emotions well and politely talks to him and clarifies all his questions. Which of the following is being experienced by Sally? A) illusory correlation B) emotional dissonance C) positive affect D) emotional selection E) positivity offset

B) emotional dissonance

Which of the following sources of increasing self-efficacy involves gaining relevant experience with a particular task or job? A) verbal persuasion B) enactive mastery C) vicarious modeling D) arousal E) cognitive learning

B) enactive mastery

The proponents of reinforcement theory view behavior as ________. A) the result of a cognitive process B) environmentally caused C) a reflection of the inner state of the individual D) a function of one's power need E) a product of heredity

B) environmentally caused

Job enrichment is the process of ________. A) periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another with similar skill requirements at the same organizational level B) expansion of jobs by increasing the degree to which the worker controls the planning, execution, and evaluation of the work C) redistribution of power within the organization through work councils and board representations D) distribution of a significant degree of power between subordinates and supervisors E) evaluation of an employee wherein subordinates, peers, and managers provide comprehensive feedback

B) expansion of jobs by increasing the degree to which the worker controls the planning, execution, and evaluation of the work

Managers who oversee the movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor are most likely to ________. A) provide poor customer service B) face opposition from labor groups C) manage a culturally homogeneous workforce D) operate in niche markets E) lose competitive advantage by exporting jobs

B) face opposition from labor groups

6) According to Henry Mintzberg a factory supervisor giving a group of high school students a tour of the plant may be termed as a ________. A) leader B) figurehead C) resource allocator D) negotiator E) disturbance handler

B) figurehead

An advantage of the ________ plan is that because benefits accrue to groups of workers, high-performing workers pressure weaker performers to work harder, improving performance for the group as a whole. A) modular B) gainsharing C) skill-based pay D) flexible benefits E) profit sharing

B) gainsharing

At Dortix, a manufacturing company, at the end of every quarter, the total production of each department is calculated and compared with the predetermined targets; the rewards for each set of divisional employees are determined this way. Dortix uses a ________ plan to incentivize its employees. A) profit sharing B) gainsharing C) core-plus D) modular E) bonus

B) gainsharing

Which of the following terms refers to factors such as one's biological, physiological, and inherent psychological makeup determined at conception? A) social identity B) heredity C) behavioral contagion D) self-concordance E) social loafing

B) heredity

Lillian Stintson works for a global women's rights organization. In the past few months, she has traveled across the globe for the campaign she was working on. In addition, she has been working weekends to meet campaign milestones. She has now decided to take a month's holiday to relax and get a much-needed break. She knows that the organization will understand her need for a long holiday. Which of the following best represents Stintson's feeling? A) low employee engagement B) high perceived organizational support C) low organizational commitment D) low job involvement E) high interest in whistle-blowing

B) high perceived organizational support

David Myers is of the opinion that people who drive SUVs are rash drivers. He feels that people driving SUVs do not respect road rules and always violate traffic regulations. What personal factor is most likely to be affecting Myers' perception of SUV drivers? A) his financial background B) his expectations C) his interest D) his motive E) his personality

B) his expectations

To be effective, an employee involvement program must ________. A) rightsize the company by eliminating obsolete positions B) incorporate the unique demands of different cultures C) mandatorily establish work councils in the company D) eliminate the influence of employees in managerial decision making E) implement autocratic ways of handling its employees

B) incorporate the unique demands of different cultures

A market researcher who uses his ability to identify a logical sequence to predict demand for a new line of winter clothing is using the ________ dimension of intellectual ability. A) spatial visualization B) inductive reasoning C) verbal comprehension D) lateral masking E) deductive reasoning

B) inductive reasoning

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, the ENTP type of people are most likely to be ________. A) illogical B) innovative C) intuitive D) skeptical E) stubborn

B) innovative

With reference to a basic OB model, ________ are determined in advance of the employment relationship and refer to variables such as personality, group structure, and organizational culture that lead to processes. A) actions B) inputs C) outcome D) processes E) goals

B) inputs

Ellaine Chamberlain works as a research executive at an environmental organization. Though her colleagues are helpful and friendly, because of her shy nature, she often eats her lunch at her desk and has limited interactions with them. She is glad that her nature of work does not require her to interact with her co-workers to a high extent. Which of the following personality types is Chamberlain most likely to be characterized by according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification? A) social B) introverted C) exhibitionist D) gregarious E) extraverted

B) introverted

Phyllis Stintson needs to decide whether to start a campaign against deforestation in Indonesia. Though her research team has provided substantial information on the high feasibility of the project, Stintson does not go ahead with the project. Stintson's decision is most likely influenced by which of the following if she made the decision by drawing unconscious references from several different experiences in the past? A) optimization B) intuition C) fundamental attribution error D) framing effect E) anchoring bias

B) intuition

The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is referred to as ________. A) emotional contagion B) job involvement C) job stability D) emotional dissonance E) direct action

B) job involvement

An arrangement that allows two or more individuals to split a traditional 40-hour-a-week job is called ________. A) flextime B) job sharing C) gainsharing D) telecommuting E) job rotation

B) job sharing

In her work in the publishing industry, Vera Loranzo seeks out new authors who she considers promising. In the past two years, she has found a number of new writers whose work she thought was exceptional and immersed herself in the task of helping them shape their manuscripts for submission to her managers for publishing. Although she was extremely proud of the results, none of the authors she worked with were chosen for publication. After learning about her management's decision, she is extremely frustrated and is beginning to resent the job she does. However, she knows there is nothing she can do and continues working because of the good perks and salary benefits the job offers. How can Loranzo's job attitude be best described? A) low job involvement B) low job satisfaction C) high psychological empowerment D) high positivity offset E) low emotional contagion

B) low job satisfaction

Which of the following personality traits indicates the degree to which a person is unemotional and pragmatic and believes that ends can justify means? A) extraversion B) machiavellianism C) agreeableness D) self-concordance E) narcissism

B) machiavellianism

A(n) ________ pay plan pays for individual performance based on performance appraisal ratings. A) piece-rate B) merit-based C) employee stock ownership D) profit-sharing E) gainsharing

B) merit-based

Antonio Guillermo's wife was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Guillermo had to take a considerable amount of time off work to care for their children, and he was late in completing his portion of a large project. Guillermo never feared that his job was in jeopardy because of his absences or his delay in completion of work. Name the major job attitude associated with this example. A) psychological empowerment B) perceived organizational support C) organizational commitment D) employee engagement E) job involvement

B) perceived organizational support

Jeremy Samuels works in a police department in California. His job often requires him to observe clues that criminals leave behind. His job is to analyze these clues, which helps the department catch the criminal. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does Samuels most likely have? A) spatial visualization B) perceptual speed C) extent flexibility D) dynamic flexibility E) number aptitude

B) perceptual speed

The ________ dimension of motivation measures how long a person can maintain effort. A) direction B) persistence C) intensity D) knowledge E) experience

B) persistence

Which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying one's hunger, thirst, and other bodily needs? A) safety B) physiological C) social D) esteem E) psychological

B) physiological

Those with a ________ personality identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs, compared to others who passively react to situations. A) high self-monitoring B) proactive C) high Mach D) type A E) narcissist

B) proactive

You are bringing together faculty from different behavioral disciplines to author a new textbook in organizational behavior. Represented are professors from psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and industrial engineering. Which faculty member is most likely to furnish information about personality, learning, and motivation? A) sociology B) psychology C) anthropology D) political science E) industrial engineering

B) psychology

According to the two-factor theory proposed by Herzberg, which of the following is considered a hygiene factor? A) promotional opportunities B) quality of supervision C) achievement D) recognition E) responsibility

B) quality of supervision

Which of the following is a motivational factor according to Herzberg's two-factor theory? A) quality of supervision B) recognition C) pay D) relationships with others E) company policies

B) recognition

A(n) ________ is any consequence immediately following a response that increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated. A) conclusion B) reinforcer C) goal D) objective E) referent

B) reinforcer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is a lower-order need? A) social B) safety C) esteem D) self-actualization E) recognition

B) safety

Emily Boyce, a project manager at an insurance firm, regularly satisfices while making decisions. She often comes across complicated problems which would take a long time to resolve. Due to the pressing deadlines, she often meets project goals by satisficing a large number of her decisions. Which of the following is Boyce most likely to do? A) seek complete information while making decisions B) search for solutions that are reasonable C) identify all possible options to solutions D) analyze each alternative in an unbiased manner E) choose the optimal solution to each problem

B) search for solutions that are reasonable

If we consider Maslow's hierarchy of needs in the context of Japan, Greece, and Mexico, where uncertainty-avoidance characteristics are strong, then ________ needs would be on top of the hierarchy. A) self-actualization B) security C) social D) esteem E) growth

B) security

With reference to decision making, which of the following does satisficing involve? A) weighing each criteria before making a decision B) seeking solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient C) scrutinizing and evaluating each alternative in detail D) selecting the best option with the highest utility E) finding optimal solutions to problems

B) seeking solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient

Which of the following needs in Maslow's hierarchy refers to the drive to become what one is capable of becoming? A) social B) self-actualization C) physiological D) esteem E) safety

B) self-actualization

Sarah Covington, a sales manager at Synergy Corporation Bank, often keeps low expectations of her team. She feels that they are under qualified for their job and do not have substantial experience to sell a large number of accounts. Covington's team does not feel motivated enough and invariably underperforms and misses targets on a regular basis. Which of the following concepts best explains Covington's team's poor performance? A) hindsight bias B) self-fulfilling prophecy C) confirmation bias D) contrast effect E) bandwagon effect

B) self-fulfilling prophecy

Which of the following terms refers to a situation in which a person inaccurately perceives another person and the resulting expectations cause the other person to behave in ways consistent with the original perception? A) confirmation bias B) self-fulfilling prophecy C) attribution theory D) contrast effect E) bandwagon effect

B) self-fulfilling prophecy

Which of the following is the most common means of measuring personality? A) in-depth interviews B) self-report surveys C) career portfolio D) reference interviews E) stress interviews

B) self-report surveys

________ bias indicates the tendency of an individual to attribute his own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors. A) Status quo B) Self-serving C) Distinction D) Congruence E) Anchoring

B) self-serving

Which of following needs, as detailed by Maslow's hierarchy of needs, best corresponds to McClelland's need for affiliation? A) safety B) social C) esteem D) self-actualization E) physiological

B) social

Gina Sanchez, an architect in California, is renovating an old school building and turning it into a retail and entertainment space. She must decide how the existing layout can be redesigned and modified to best suit the new uses. Which of the following dimensions of intelligence will most help Gina reimagine the existing building? A) haptic perception B) spatial visualization C) memory D) inductive reasoning E) deductive reasoning

B) spatial visualization

Judging someone on the basis of one's perception of the group to which the person belongs is called ________. A) confirmation bias B) stereotyping C) framing effect D) self-serving bias E) bandwagon effect

B) stereotyping

Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as dynamic flexibility? A) the ability to exert force against external objects B) the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements C) the ability to exert muscular force repeatedly or continuously over time D) the ability to expend a maximum of energy in one or a series of explosive acts E) the ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible

B) the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements

Erika wants to become the head of the HR department. Although the role comes with a generous salary hike and will put her in charge of several subordinates, she is mainly pursuing this position because she believes she can do the job better than anyone else and wants people to know this. According to McClelland's theory of needs, which of the following needs is Erika primarily driven by in this case? A) the need for stability B) the need for achievement C) the need for security D) the need for affiliation E) the need for power

B) the need for achievement

Attending union meetings as a way of coping with job dissatisfaction is an example of a(n) ________ response. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) ratification

B) voice

Sarah Mayer works as a marketing executive and has been unhappy with her job profile for several months now. Over the months, she has regularly discussed with her manager how her skills lie in administrative tasks instead of in marketing. In addition, she discusses how she can make a smooth transition into the administrative role. Which type of response is Mayer using in this situation? A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) performance

B) voice

Susan Daniels works for an event management company and is discontent with her job because she was passed over for a promotion. She has now composed a list of concerns and plans to discuss the issue with her supervisor. Daniels' response to the problem is referred to as ________. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance

B) voice

The ________ response includes actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions, including suggesting improvements, discussing problems with superiors, and undertaking some forms of union activity. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance

B) voice

Job design is defined as the ________. A) degree to which the job rewards competence B) way the elements in a job are organized C) degree to which the job contributes to profit margins D) degree of decision-making power with the immediate superiors E) way the job is evaluated in terms of its relative worth to other jobs Answer: B

B) way the elements in a job are organized

The two most common forms of representative participation are ________ and board representatives. A) quality circles B) work councils C) employee unions D) task teams E) cross-functional teams

B) work councils

In participative representation, what are board representatives?

Board representatives are employees who participate on a company's board of directors.

Mara is looking to send one of her team members on an international assignment to China, to train a group of employees located at her company's office in Beijing. As part of the assignment, the chosen employee will have to undergo a 3-week diversity training program to help them learn about their new environment. Bryan, one of Mara's colleagues, is interested in taking up the assignment.

Bryan does not cope very well in ambiguous situations

Mara is looking to send one of her team members on an international assignment to China to train a group of employees located at her company's office in Beijing. As part of the assignment, the chosen employee will have to undergo a three-week diversity training program to help him/her learn about his/her new environment. Bryan, one of Mara's colleagues, is interested in taking up the assignment. Which of the following, if true, would increase the likelihood that Bryan will be selected?

Bryan is quite sociable and can "think on his feet"

After the training and development manager at Add Worth, Nicole Hayes, resigned, the CEO has made it a priority that the position be filled soon by someone of equal expertise and experience as Nicole. To locate the right candidate, Jennifer Ray, the HR manager, has been contacting recruitment firms, checking job sites, and pushing for referrals from the employees. However, she has only found candidates with little or no experience in the field who were willing to work full time for the position. At the next meeting with the CEO, Jennifer proposes an alternative strategy; she suggests hiring two experienced candidates who are open to the idea of handling the training needs on a part-time basis as a team. The CEO listens to her proposal but is not too convinced by it. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen Jennifer's proposal to use job sharing for the vacant position? A) Trainers are exempted from the requirement of being at the office throughout the common core period of the workday. B) The employees of the company on the work council have planned to demand the flextime option. C) A good proportion of the company's prized workforce comprises employees from the baby boomer generation who are set to retire in the impending future. D) The headhunting firms that Jennifer contacted are usually helpful in generating a good pool of potential candidates. E) A rival firm recently adopted telecommuting to reduce administrative costs cutting into its bottom line.

C) A good proportion of the company's prized workforce comprises employees from the baby boomer generation who are set to retire in the impending future.

Carrie recently received the Employee of the Year award at the call center where she works as a customer service representative. She was chosen for the award because she is known to be highly courteous toward even the most difficult of callers and is efficient at handling their queries. A month after receiving the award, Carrie submits her resignation. According to her exit interview, she felt burnt out. Which of the following best explains this situation? A) Carrie was overwhelmed by the award. B) Carrie lacked the skills and motivation to perform her job in an effective manner. C) Carrie felt the strain of having to constantly fake positive emotions towards her customers. D) Carrie was demotivated by the lack of recognition and respect from her peers. E) Carrie was unable to empathize with her callers and the problems that they faced.

C) Carrie felt the strain of having to constantly fake positive emotions towards her customers.

The human resource department of Palmer Inc. is aiming to understand the degree of employee engagement in the organization. Which of the following statements would best help them in the process? A) Do you believe in the organization's five-year plan? B) Do you believe the organization is concerned about your well-being? C) Do you enjoy your everyday tasks and achieving project milestones? D) Do you feel the organization values your work? E) Do you agree with the organization's stand on sustainable work practices?

C) Do you enjoy your everyday tasks and achieving project milestones?

Kim Anderson works as a campaign manager at an environmental organization in Ottawa. In the past few months, she has noticed that one team member, Janice Kenneth, has shown a lot of potential as the next project lead. However, Anderson heard from the grapevine that Kenneth may be quitting the job. She now needs to know whether she has the intention to lead the campaign in the next few months, which are crucial months for the campaign. Which of the following questions would best help Anderson understand Kenneth's intention toward the project? A) How do you like your job on the whole? B) Do you like the work culture in the organization? C) Do you see yourself working with us in the next 6 months? D) Are you motivated enough to achieve all project milestones? E) Are you happy with your overall job performance?

C) Do you see yourself working with us in the next 6 months?

Exsell is a popular consumer goods company known for hiring the best resources and using the best technology to produce an extensive range of goods. The manufacturing units consider productivity to be the only criterion; targets are upgraded, supervised, and rewarded amply. The groups with the highest productivity in each manufacturing unit owned by Exsell are incentivized using a substantial monthly monetary reward program. Of late, there have been some rumors about the company not doing very well in the market. Many claims of defective quality, declining market share, and employee unrest have been doing the rounds. However, the CEO of Exsell recently held a conference with the organization and the media to share its expansion plans for the coming year. He ended the conference with a discussion of how the profit margin of the company had grown substantially but many employees were left in doubt. Which of the following, if true, would indicate the need for Exsell to replace gainsharing with profit sharing as a variable pay program for its employees? A) The company used a merit-based pay plan for decades to reward the employees who deserved recognition for good performance. B) The company has opened multiple product categories and is experiencing brand dilution. C) Executives who receive and evaluate client feedback have found a lot of quality concerns with the products dispatched in recent times. D) The economy is showing signs of robust growth after last year's recession and losses. E) The consumer goods industry has traditionally had higher barriers to entry than other industries of similar size and reach.

C) Executives who receive and evaluate client feedback have found a lot of quality concerns with the products dispatched in recent times.

The Pygmalion effect is also called the ________ effect. A) halo B) self-concordance C) Galatea D) self-determination E) pseudocertainty

C) Galatea

Who defined personality as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment? A) Leon Festinger B) Dr. Sigmund Freud C) Gordon Allport D) Abraham Maslow E) Ivan Pavlov

C) Gordon Allport

Jim is a salaried employee whose job is to develop content for online web sites. He discovers that he is paid substantially more than his colleagues even though their jobs and levels of performance are very similar. According to the equity theory, what impact is this discovery most likely to have on his behavior and performance? A) He will reduce the amount of work that he does on a daily basis. B) He will compare his earnings to those of another group of employees. C) He will increase his productivity and/or the overall quality of his work. D) He will seek a position within the company commensurate with his pay. E) He will begin to look for a position outside of the company.

C) He will increase his productivity and/or the overall quality of his work.

Which of the following statements is true regarding job sharing? A) It expands jobs by increasing the degree to which the worker controls the planning, execution, and evaluation of the work. B) It is also called cross-training. C) It allows two or more individuals to split a traditional 40-hour-a-week job. D) It involves periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another with similar skill requirements at the same organizational level. E) Job sharing is a method of job enrichment.

C) It allows two or more individuals to split a traditional 40-hour-a-week job.

Which of the following statements is true regarding emotional intelligence (EI)? A) It refers to a score derived from standardized tests to measure intelligence. B) It refers to an aptitude for intellectual activities that cannot be acquired with personal effort. C) It comprises a person's ability to detect others' and one's own feelings. D) It is based on rationality instead of intuitive appeal to make judgments. E) It refers to a person's ability to suppress his/her true emotions and express organizationally accurate emotions.

C) It comprises a person's ability to detect others' and one's own feelings.

Which of the following statements is true regarding job rotation? A) It decreases the flexibility with which an organization can adapt to a change. B) It decreases employee motivation. C) It decreases productivity in the short run. D) It decreases supervisory workload. E) It decreases the flexibility in scheduling work.

C) It decreases productivity in the short run.

Which of the following statements is true regarding a contrast effect? A) It attributes success to internal factors and blames failure on external factors. B) It involves judging a person on the basis of perception of the group to which he or she belongs. C) It involves evaluation of a person's features based on comparison with another person. D) It indicates a tendency to draw a general conclusion about a person on the basis of one feature. E) It indicates a tendency to fixate on initial information and failing to accept subsequent data.

C) It involves evaluation of a person's features based on comparison with another person

Robert Springer woke up in the morning and felt a sense of joy and peace as he got ready for work. At work, though challenges came his way, he tackled them without getting stressed about them. This feeling lasted for several days that week. What is one of the reasons that Springer's feeling can be categorized as a mood and not as an emotion? A) It is more intense than emotions. B) It is brought about by a specific event. C) It is prolonged in nature. D) It is a positive feeling. E) It is indicated by a facial expression.

C) It is prolonged in nature.

Which of the following is true regarding positive organizational scholarship? A) It involves monitoring negative practices in organizations and rectifying them. B) It deals with how employees should analyze weaknesses and convert them into strengths. C) It studies how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality, and unlock potential. D) It dwells on limitations that an organization faces and how it can turn them into opportunities. E) It involves scrutinizing loopholes in organizational practices and filling gaps in processes.

C) It studies how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality, and unlock potential

360.org, an organization working toward curbing climate change, recently conducted an interview with Jessica for the position of a public relations officer. However, interviewers Brenda and Laura are divided over whether Jessica should be given the job. Brenda believes that Jessica does not have in-depth knowledge about the issue of global warming and its impact. On the other hand, Laura feels that Jessica would be perfect for the job because she has strong interpersonal skills. Which of the following, if true, would weaken Laura's argument? A) Jessica was unable to fare well in the written test which analyzed her conceptual skills. B) Jessica listened intently to the interviewers' questions before answering them. C) Jessica was unable to communicate clearly why she was right for the job. D) Jessica was very friendly and courteous with the receptionist while greeting her. E) Jessica was high on confidence about getting the job because of her strong networking skills.

C) Jessica was unable to communicate clearly why she was right for the job.

Julie recently joined a youth center as a counselor who provides support services for teenage mothers. An important part of her job involves referring pregnant teenagers to abortion clinics, should they decide to avail of such services. This aspect of her work, however, conflicts with her religious beliefs. Her manager, Kyle, is aware of this and expects her to submit her resignation at any time, but Julie continues to carry out her duties in a sincere manner and shows no signs of quitting her job. Which of the following best explains this situation? A) Julie allows her professional life to be dictated by her religious ideals. B) Julie refuses to acknowledge the hard truths of life. C) Julie has accepted that people have the freedom of choice. D) Julie is unable to empathize with the teenagers who visit the youth center. E) Julie does not realize the importance of her work to society.

C) Julie has accepted that people have the freedom of choice.

Megan graduated from college three years ago and has been working at Sterba Inc. ever since. A conscientious employee, she has consistently received good performance evaluations. She recently found out that a younger colleague, who was just recruited to her team, is drawing a higher salary than she is for doing the same type of work. Following this discovery, Megan starts coming to work late and her productivity begins to suffer. Which of the following is most similar to the scenario mentioned above based on the equity theory? A) Dawn starts coming to work early and stays late once she learns that the mid-term review is around the corner. B) Greg believes he works harder than any of the other members in his department as they often leave the office before him. C) Lisa starts working longer hours after learning that her co-workers earn less than she does for the same work. D) Myrtle produces a higher number of units to compensate for the lower quality of her output. E) Beth submits her resignation after she was passed over for promotion for the second time.

C) Lisa starts working longer hours after learning that her co-workers earn less than she does for the same work.

________ refers to feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus. A) Affect B) Cognition C) Mood D) Thought E) Reaction

C) Mood

Which of the following is true about the correlation between salary and job satisfaction? A) Pay is not related to job satisfaction for employees in underdeveloped countries. B) Salary and perks do not have a role in overall happiness of employees from poor countries. C) Pay does not play a critical role in job satisfaction when an individual reaches a level of comfortable living. D) Financial perks and benefits always create job satisfaction irrespective of standards of living. E) High salary level always creates organizational commitment.

C) Pay does not play a critical role in job satisfaction when an individual reaches a level of comfortable living.

In Indonesia, comfortable living occurs at about $30,000. Based on the measurement of comfortable living, which of the following is most likely to be true? A) People earning approximately $25,000 are content with their jobs. B) People earning below $30,000 are as happy with jobs as those earning $35,000. C) People earning below $30,000 experience a positive correlation between pay and job satisfaction. D) People earning $50,000 have higher levels of job satisfaction than those earning $40,000. E) People's earnings have no relation to their job satisfaction if they earn $25,000.

C) People earning below $30,000 experience a positive correlation between pay and job satisfaction.

________ is the degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being. A) Psychological empowerment B) Employee engagement C) Perceived organizational support D) Organizational commitment E) Job involvement

C) Perceived organizational support

On which day of the week does the positive effect tend to be highest? A) Sundays B) Mondays C) Saturdays D) Tuesdays E) Wednesdays

C) Saturdays

________ refers to an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task. A) Emotional contagion B) Affect intensity C) Self-efficacy D) Self-determination E) Reinforcement

C) Self-efficacy

If Alberta is a categorized as a Theory X manager, which of the following behaviors is she most likely to exhibit? A) She will empower her subordinates. B) She will trust her employees to use their discretion in most matters. C) She will strictly control all the details of any project she is managing. D) She will delegate authority extensively to junior managers. E) She will let her employees choose their own goals.

C) She will strictly control all the details of any project she is managing.

________ refers to the ability to exert force against external objects. A) Body coordination B) Dynamic flexibility C) Static strength D) Extent flexibility E) Cognitive ability

C) Static strength

________ diversity refers to diversity in observable attributes such as race, ethnicity, sex, and age. A) Psychographic B) Additive C) Surface-level D) Disjunctive E) Conjunctive

C) Surface-level

Erin Corbett works at a software company and is in charge of the help desk. A short while ago, she received a call from a discontented customer about a problem he is facing due to the company's software. Though she tried to help the customer with the software, he refused to listen to her. He continued yelling at her and finally banged the phone down. Corbett feels exasperated after hanging up the phone and goes for a cup of coffee to calm herself down. What makes Corbett's anger an emotion, rather than a mood? A) The cause of her behavior is unclear. B) The feeling of being angry is prolonged. C) The anger has a contextual stimulus. D) The response is void of action. E) The response is cognitive in nature.

C) The anger has a contextual stimulus.

Gould Furniture is one of the leading furniture companies in Indonesia. In the past, the company had a homogeneous workforce of Indonesian employees. The company is desperate to cut operating and manufacturing costs and, hence, is considering outsourcing part of the manufacturing process to low-cost Vietnam. However, local community leaders across the country are strongly opposing this decision. They believe that exporting jobs to other countries is detrimental to their country in every way possible. Which of the following, if true, is the flaw in the local community leaders' opinion? A) The country has one of the lowest rates of employment in Asia. B) Over 85 percent of Indonesia's revenue comes from agriculture. C) The furniture market contributes to 20 percent of deforestation in the country. D) The government of Indonesia provides substantial subsidies to start-up companies. E) Gould Furniture has alliances with local furniture companies in Vietnam.

C) The furniture market contributes to 20 percent of deforestation in the country.

Kimberly Ortiz strongly believes in working for a company which promotes diversity. She believes that such organizations are respectful of differences and allow employees more exposure. She recently attended an interview where she was told that the company follows policies which focus on organizational diversity. However, when she finally joined the company, she had a strong feeling that the company's claim was not true. Which of the following, if true, weakens Kimberly's belief that the company does not encourage diversity? A) Eighty-five percent of the top management positions in the company are held by men. B) She is the only African-American member in the entire workforce. C) The workforce is not dominated by any specific ethnic or racial group. D) The previous company she worked for made a conscious effort to employ an equal number of men and women. E) Her team members believe that they are treated equally in spite of differences in performance.

C) The workforce is not dominated by any specific ethnic or racial group.

Which of the following is true of a narcissist? A) They go out of their way to be helpful to colleagues. B) They have an inferiority complex about themselves. C) They are more likely to emerge as leaders. D) They do not require admiration or importance of people. E) They are meek, timid, and shy in nature.

C) They are more likely to emerge as leaders

Which of the following is most likely to be a drawback of highly conscientious people according to the Big Five Model? A) They engage in numerous risky behaviors such as smoking and drinking. B) They tend to indulge in irresponsible behavior and be disorganized. C) They do not adapt well to changing contexts. D) They focus on learning instead of performing a job efficiently. E) They emphasize excessively on being creative.

C) They do not adapt well to changing contexts

Why should managers be interested in their employees' attitudes? A) They result from behavior. B) They lead to self-concordance. C) They give warnings of potential problems. D) They result in emotional contagion. E) They result in cognitive dissonance.

C) They give warnings of potential problems.

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about the major job attitudes? A) They are highly distinct from one another. B) They are generally resistant to change. C) They tend to overlap one another. D) They are not correlated to one another. E) They increase cognitive dissonance.

C) They tend to overlap one another.

Which of the following statements is true regarding a merit-based pay plan? A) It bases pay levels on how many skills employees have or how many jobs they can do. B) It is also called competency-based pay plan. C) Unions typically resist merit-based pay plan. D) It distributes compensation based on an established formula designed around a company's profitability. E) A typical merit-based pay plan provides no base salary and pays the employee only for what he or she produces.

C) Unions typically resist merit-based pay plan.

Extremely attractive or unattractive individuals are most likely to be noticed in a group. Which of the following statements best describes the reason behind it? A) Our perception of reality depends on our past experiences. B) Our perception of reality depends on our personality. C) We don't look at targets in isolation. D) The time at which we see an object can influence our perception of the object. E) Our motives and expectations affect our perception of a target.

C) We don't look at targets in isolation

Sally Peterson, who works as an entry-level editor, wants to go for dental reconstruction surgery and sent a query to her HR department asking for a list of preferred hospitals. The HR looked through her healthcare plan, which provides only a minimum coverage for routine drugs and vision care. Consequently, the HR manager informed her that if she wishes to carry on with the dental procedure, she will have to pay for it on her own. Which of the following benefits plans should she choose to meet her needs? A) a basic modular plan B) a standardized benefits package C) a core-plus plan D) a fringe benefits plan E) a 401k plan

C) a core-plus plan

According to the job characteristics model, autonomy is defined as the degree to which ________. A) a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work B) a job generates direct and clear information about performance C) a job provides the worker freedom, independence, and discretion D) a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people E) a job requires a variety of different activities

C) a job provides the worker freedom, independence, and discretion

Janice Hartley works as a writer at a fashion magazine in New York. She was recently asked by her editor to write an article on "10 must-haves for the autumn season." Her editor has now sent back the article saying it is not interesting enough to hold the attention of the reader. Janice is upset and disappointed about the feedback. Which component of an attitude is represented in this scenario? A) positive component B) cognitive component C) affective component D) behavioral component E) evaluative component

C) affective component

Which of the following is an example of internally caused behavior? A) An employee was late for a team meeting because of a heavy downpour. B) An employee was laid off because the company was attempting to cut costs by laying off employees. C) An employee was fired from work because he violated a company policy. D) An employee could not attend an interview because of a delayed flight. E) An employee could not come to work because he met with an accident.

C) an employee was fired from work because he violated a company policy

Telecommuting is an option that suits professionals like ________. A) trainers B) nurses C) analysts D) receptionists E) sales representatives

C) analysts

The ________ bias is a tendency to fixate on initial information and fail to adequately adjust for subsequent information. A) hindsight B) overconfidence C) anchoring D) availability E) self-serving

C) anchoring

According to the equity theory, there are four referent comparisons. The referent comparison known as other-inside refers to ________. A) an employee's experiences in a different position inside the employee's current organization B) an employee's experiences in a different position outside the employee's current organization C) another individual or group of individuals inside the employee's organization D) an employee's experiences in a similar position outside the employee's current organization E) another individual or group of individuals outside the employee's organization

C) another individual or group of individuals inside the employee's organization

Leon Festinger argued that ________ follow(s) ________. A) behavior; attitudes B) emotions; attitude C) attitudes; behavior D) thought processes; moods E) conduct; feelings

C) attitudes; behavior

When individuals observe another person's behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused. Which of the following attempts to explain this phenomenon? A) pygmalion effect B) emotional dissonance C) attribution theory D) two-factor theory E) framing effect

C) attribution theory

With reference to the four sources of self-efficacy as proposed by Albert Bandura, verbal persuasion involves becoming more confident ________. A) because you have gained relevant experience with the particular task or job B) because you see someone else doing the particular task or job C) because someone convinces you that you have the skills necessary to be successful D) because you are rewarded for performing a similar task well E) because you get energized or "psyched up" to perform the particular task or job

C) because someone convinces you that you have the skills necessary to be successful

A process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity is known as ________. A) optimal decision making B) intuitive decision making C) bounded rationality D) active selection E) incremental decision making

C) bounded rationality

Alicia Akers works as a marketing executive. She always talks in a high pitch and often draws a lot of attention wherever she is. Which of the following statements best explains the reason behind people noticing Akers? A) Perception of reality depends on the perceiver's past experiences. B) Perception of reality depends on the perceiver's personality. C) Characteristics of the target affect people's perception. D) The time at which we observe behavior affects perception. E) Motives and interests of the perceiver affects perception of behavior.

C) characteristics of the target affect people's perception

Joann Hayes is currently working on a project to tackle climate change. During the project, she needs to find different options to replace the use of non-renewable energy and check the feasibility of different renewable energy options before choosing the most practical one. Which of the following skills does Hayes primarily need to use for these tasks? A) human skills B) interpersonal skills C) conceptual skills D) communication skills E) interactive skills

C) conceptual skills

Which dimension of the Big Five model is a measure of reliability? A) extroversion B) agreeableness C) conscientiousness D) openness to experience E) emotional stability

C) conscientiousness

________ is as important for managers as for front-line employees and, among all Big Five Model traits, is most consistently related to job performance. A) Extroversion B) Agreeableness C) Conscientiousness D) Emotional stability E) Openness to experience

C) conscientiousness

According to the attribution theory, if everyone who faces a similar situation responds in the same way, we can say the behavior shows ________. A) distinctiveness B) tractability C) consensus D) consistency E) manageability

C) consensus

If a person responds to a particular situation in the same way over a long time period, then the attribution theory states that the behavior demonstrates ________. A) distinctiveness B) consensus C) consistency D) discontinuity E) traceability

C) consistency

According to Fred Luthans and his associates, managers involved in traditional management activities undertook which of the following tasks? A) motivating B) socializing C) decision making D) training E) politicking

C) decision making

Which of the following is an example of a process at an individual level? A) group cohesion B) values C) decision making D) withdrawal behavior E) power and politics

C) decision making

People belonging to the ESTJ type are characterized as ________ according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification. A) irrational B) perplexed C) decisive D) disoriented E) emotional

C) decisive

Which of the following is the major drawback of job sharing from management's perspective? A) increase in supervisory workload B) increased costs for providing supporting infrastructure (such as desk and computer) to two employees instead of one C) difficulty in finding compatible partners D) difficulty in designing the reward structure E) difficulty in coordinating schedules

C) difficulty in finding compatible partners

The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework aids in understanding the consequences of ________. A) increasing growth opportunities B) emotional contagion C) dissatisfaction D) regular feedback E) high employee engagement

C) dissatisfaction

Which of the following is a kind of physical ability which refers to the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements? A) equilibrium B) balance C) dynamic flexibility D) static strength E) body coordination

C) dynamic flexibility

According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, a(n) ________ searches the organization and its environment for opportunities and initiates projects to bring about change. A) spokesperson B) disturbance handler C) entrepreneur D) resource allocator E) negotiator

C) entrepreneur

Karen graduated from college four years ago and has been working at Betaphy Inc. ever since. She has consistently received good performance evaluations for the quality of her work. She recently found out that her company hired a fresh college graduate with no experience at a salary higher than hers. Which of the following theories will Karen most likely use to evaluate this situation? A) reinforcement B) goal setting C) equity D) expectancy E) operant conditioning

C) equity

Ellen Athers works as a communication executive at a travel house. She is known to be friendly with her colleagues and interacts with them regularly to build strong work relationships. She knows that her rapport with her co-workers is a crucial part of her work and invests time in these relationships. In addition, while making decisions, she is assertive and colleagues take her decisions seriously. Which of the following personality types is Athers most likely to be characterized by according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?

C) extraverted

What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of "E or I" stand for? A) enthusiastic/ingenious B) emotional/impulsive C) extraverted/introverted D) emotive/illustrative E) empathetic/innovative

C) extraverted/introverted

According to the job characteristics model, ________ indicates the degree to which carrying out work activities generates direct and clear information about your own performance. A) task significance B) autonomy C) feedback D) task identity E) skill variety

C) feedback

Which of the following is an example of a position in a service job? A) human resource executive B) administrative executive C) flight attendant D) environmental campaigner E) production line worker

C) flight attendant

With reference to the Hofstede's framework, a class or caste system that discourages upward mobility is more likely to exist in a nation that scores ________. A) high on individualism B) low on masculinity C) high on power distance D) low on uncertainty avoidance E) high on long-term orientation

C) high on power distance

________ is a highly complex and highly developed form of reasoning that is based on years of experience and learning. A) Process consultation B) Action research C) Intuition D) Active selection E) Emotional intelligence

C) intuition

The main drawback of representative participation as an employee involvement measure is that ________. A) it is a time-consuming process B) it is able to exert its impact only in the short run C) it is primarily symbolic in its impact D) it is consistent with the Theory Y view of motivation E) it is likely to require a major change in organizational roles

C) it is primarily symbolic in its impact

Janice is late for work each day by about ten minutes. How would attribution theory describe this behavior? A) It shows consensus. B) It shows similarity. C) It shows consistency. D) It shows reliability. E) It shows distinctiveness.

C) it shows consistency

The investment of an employee's physical, cognitive, and emotional energies into job performance is called ________. A) vicarious modeling B) self-determination C) job engagement D) management by objectives E) job analysis

C) job engagement

The periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another with similar skill requirements at the same organizational level is defined as ________. A) job enlargement B) job analysis C) job rotation D) job sharing E) job enrichment

C) job rotation

According to Douglas McGregor's Theory Y, a manager assumes that employees ________. A) need to be directed B) prefer to be controlled C) learn to accept responsibility D) need to be micromanaged E) attempt to avoid work

C) learn to accept responsibility

Regina George works as a campaign manager in a not-for-profit organization in Hampshire. For the upcoming campaign against genetic engineering, she is networking with managers who are working on the issue of food safety. Through her network of contacts, she strives to gain information about the stakeholders in the food industry and other lobby groups. Which of the following roles is George most likely to be playing according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles A) figurehead B) leader C) liaison D) entrepreneur E) resource allocator

C) liaison

Heather Donahue, who works as a receptionist at a finance firm in New Jersey, has been dissatisfied with her job for several months now. She finds the job uninteresting because of its monotonous nature where all she needs to do is receive calls. During work hours, she often experiences emotions such as tiredness, weariness, and boredom. Which of the following mood dimensions is she most likely to be experiencing? A) low positive affect B) neutral affect C) low negative affect D) high positive affect E) high negative affect

C) low negative affect

According to the attribution theory, if a behavior scores ________, we tend to attribute it to external causes. A) low on distinctiveness B) low on adaptability C) low on consistency D) high on stability E) low on consensus

C) low on consistency

According to the attribution theory, if a behavior scores ________, we tend to attribute it to internal causes. A) low on consistency B) high on rigidity C) low on distinctiveness D) high on consensus E) low on conformity

C) low on distinctiveness

Henry Hutchins is discontent with his job but believes that his supervisor is a good man who will do whatever is necessary to reduce his dissatisfaction with the job. He has decided to just wait and give his supervisor some time until conditions improve. Henry's response to this problem is termed as ________. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) ratification

C) loyalty

Joe Dailey is unhappy with his job because he has not received the promotion due to him several years ago. However, in spite of this, he speaks up to support his company's actions even when the local newspaper is criticizing them. Which of the following types of response represents his behavior? A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance

C) loyalty

To get his company through some hard economic times, Ben's working hours have just been reduced from 40 hours a week to 33. Ben is upset about the reduction in time and pay, but he shows up at work every morning and is willing to patiently wait until economic times improve and he can go back to working full time. Which of the following types of response is being displayed by Ben? A) voice B) neglect C) loyalty D) exit E) acceptance

C) loyalty

Rene Cox works as a media officer in a global forest protection organization. Her job requires her to interact with a large number of people from the press with whom she needs to establish strong professional relationships. This requires her to remember a large number of people's names and the organizations with which they are associated. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability will best help her accomplish this task? A) inductive reasoning B) spatial visualization C) memory D) visual perception E) polymodality

C) memory

According to social learning theory, which of the following processes demonstrates whether an individual is capable of performing the modeled activities? A) attentional process B) retention process C) motor reproduction process D) reinforcement process E) motivation process

C) motor reproduction process

According to the Big Five Model, the ________ dimension addresses a range of interests and fascination with novelty. A) emotional stability B) extroversion C) openness to experience D) agreeableness E) conscientiousness

C) openness to experience

High levels of both job involvement and psychological empowerment are positively related to ________. A) withdrawal behavior B) positivity offset C) organizational citizenship D) emotional contagion E) cognitive dissonance

C) organizational citizenship

Which of the following statements is true regarding perception? A) Perception of reality is independent of one's personality. B) Our perception of a target is not affected by the context of the situation in which the perception is made. C) Our perception of reality can be different from the objective reality. D) Our perception of reality is independent of our past experiences. E) We form a perception of a target by looking at it in isolation.

C) our perception of reality can be different from the objective reality

Unlike in the case of goal-setting theory, MBO strongly advocates ________. A) self-generated feedback B) explicit time periods C) participatively set goals D) independent tasks E) specific performance objectives

C) participatively set goals

Bryan Eusebius has a positive attitude toward his organization. He feels the management treats all employees fairly in matters concerning rewards, is understanding toward their needs and requirements, and allows them to have a voice in decisions. Bryan's attitude toward his organization is indicative of ________. A) emotional contagion B) positivity offset C) perceived organizational support D) cognitive dissonance E) self-concordance

C) perceived organizational support

Logan is an employee who processes health insurance forms. Initially he was criticized by his supervisor for sloppy work, but thereafter he improved considerably. Now he consistently processes his forms without errors and even does more than his fair share of work. However, Logan's supervisor has not responded to the extra effort he has put in, giving him no praise or monetary benefits. This leads Logan to believe that his supervisor is biased against him. According to the expectancy theory, in this situation, there is a problem in the ________ relationship. A) rewards-personal goals B) performance-awareness C) performance-reward D) performance-objectives E) performance-achievement

C) performance-reward

According to Gordon Allport, ________ is defined as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment. A) cognitive dissonance B) heredity C) personality D) descent E) genealogy

C) personality

The church you go to every Sunday is made up of people who have very different lifestyles and are at different stages in their life. Joanna is a 23-year-old, single parent who works for minimum wage and shifts from motel to motel for accommodation. Josephine is a single, 45-year-old woman who earns a decent salary and has few interests and friends outside her office. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, has a loving family, and enjoys his work. You have decided to apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs to determine what motivates each of these individuals. 5) Which of the following needs would most likely motivate Joanna? A) social B) esteem C) physiological D) self-actualization E) safety

C) physiological

The ________ pay plan has long been popular as a means of compensating production workers by paying a fixed sum for each unit of production completed. A) competency-based B) gainsharing C) piece-rate D) profit-sharing E) merit-based

C) piece-rate

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the judging type ________. A) are quiet, shy and introverted B) rely on unconscious processes C) prefer their world to be ordered D) are flexible and spontaneous E) rely on personal values and emotions

C) prefer their world to be ordered

A prerequisite condition for job rotation is the ________. A) presence of high level of autonomy among workers B) presence of high need for affiliation among workers C) presence of employees with similar skill sets and requirements D) presence of alternative work arrangements for employees to avail E) presence of employee involvement programs

C) presence of employees with similar skill sets and requirements

Joseph Pierce is the managing director of Drake Coal Power Plant in North Yorkshire. He knows that coal is a major contributor to climate change and has made his research team study impacts of coal on the environment. After knowing the facts, he faces a high degree of dissonance between his values and behavior. Which of the following is he most likely to do to reduce the dissonance between his belief and behavior? A) get government sanction to build and develop more power plants across the country B) increase revenue by building power plants in developing and underdeveloped countries C) reassure the public that there is no correlation between environment and coal production D) hire more employees to fill positions in new power plant stations E) provide locals benefits to substantiate for the effects of coal power stations

C) reassure the public that there is no correlation between environment and coal production

Which of the following are characteristics of the intuitive type of people according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification? A) preferring routine and order and focusing on details B) outgoing, sociable, and assertive in nature C) relying on unconscious processes and looking at the overall picture D) using reason, rationality, and logic to handle problems and situations E) relying on their personal values and emotions to make decisions

C) relying on unconscious processes and looking at the overall picture

The two major forms of employee involvement are participative management and ________. A) organizational restructuring B) job sharing C) representative participation D) job rotation E) job enlargement

C) representative participation

George is trying to teach his two-year old son to gently caress their cat. George softly strokes the animal and every time his son does the same, he rewards him with kind words like "good job!" The child is very attentive during the process and claps his hands when his father praises him. However, as soon as George leaves, the boy lunges for the cat and grabs it by the tail. Which process of social-learning theory is failing? A) attentional processes B) justification processes C) retention processes D) motor reproduction processes E) reinforcement processes

C) retention processes

Mark is an excellent technical writer. He has never missed a deadline and all his projects are of superior quality. He now wants to telecommute two days a week, so that he can spend more time with his family. He feels that he has proven his reliability. However, his boss is unable to comply with his request and gives him a substantial raise instead. According to the expectancy theory, Mark's disappointment demonstrates a breakdown in the ________ relationship. A) performance-reward B) effort-performance C) rewards-personal goals D) effort-satisfaction E) performance-achievement

C) rewards-personal goals

Which of the following does systematic study use to look at relationships to attribute causes and effects? A) intuitive data B) feelings C) scientific data D) instinct E) premonition

C) scientific data

The concept of ________ considers how strongly people's reasons for pursuing goals are consistent with their interests and core values. A) self-serving bias B) self-fulfilling prophecy C) self-concordance D) self-actualization E) self-efficacy

C) self-concordance

In which of the following variable-pay programs is the pay level based on how many skills employees have or how many jobs they can do? A) bonuses B) piece-rate pay C) skill-based pay D) gainsharing E) merit-based pay

C) skill-based pay

he job characteristic model fails to consider the role ________ plays in employee motivation. A) job design B) meaningfulness C) social support D) growth need E) responsibility

C) social support

Which of the following is a shortcut used in judging others by making generalizations? A) hindsight bias B) randomness error C) stereotyping D) illusory superiority E) telescoping effect

C) stereotyping

In order to predict human behavior, it is best to supplement intuitive opinions with information derived from ________. A) common sense B) direct observation C) systematic study D) speculation E) organizational theory

C) systematic study

Amanda McPherson is a working mother with one child and an ailing parent to look after in addition to her duties as a wife and job responsibilities as a legal consultant. Since Amanda always feels pressed for time, the news that the consultancy she works for would allow her to work from home two days a week came as a great relief to her. She now feels more motivated to work for the company, as the company has taken into account her personal and professional needs. The company has allowed Amanda to use the option of ________. A) gainsharing B) offshoring C) telecommuting D) homeshoring E) job sharing

C) telecommuting

An MNC in a developing country is operating amidst severe space constraints, and the infrastructural conditions in the city are bad, causing a lot of lost man-hours. Anticipating rapid growth in the months to come, the company has created a recruitment plan based on its revenue expectations. However, it wants to manage this expansion without undertaking an expensive physical expansion. Which of the following could be a solution for the company? A) profit sharing B) groupshifting C) telecommuting D) gainsharing E) codetermining

C) telecommuting

Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as dynamic strength? A) the ability to maintain equilibrium despite forces pulling off balance B) the ability to coordinate the simultaneous actions of different parts of the body C) the ability to exert muscular force repeatedly or continuously over time D) the ability to expend a maximum of energy in one or a series of explosive acts E) the ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible

C) the ability to exert muscular force repeatedly or continuously over time

Valerie Sinclair, a climate campaigner at an environmental organization, invariably uses rationale to make decisions for project implementation. She believes that the right decisions can be made only through scrutinization and analysis. Each time she needs to make a decision, she weighs all options before taking action. Which of the following is Sinclair's personality type according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification? A) intuitive B) introverted C) thinking D) feeling E) perceiving

C) thinking

Which of the following theories proposes the idea of a dual continuum? A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory B) self-determination theory C) two-factor theory D) cognitive evaluation theory E) McClelland's theory of needs

C) two-factor theory

Which of the following is an example of an input at an individual level? A) motivation B) moods C) values D) perception E) emotions

C) values

Internal equity refers to the ________. A) list of the knowledge, skills, and abilities required in a particular job B) arrangement of the elements of different jobs in the organization C) worth of the job to the organization D) organization's pay relative to pay elsewhere in its industry E) framework of tasks, duties, and responsibilities that the job involves

C) worth of the job to the organization

he church you go to every Sunday is made up of people who have very different lifestyles and are at different stages in their life. Joanna is a 23-year-old single parent who works for minimum wage and shifts from motel to motel for accommodation. Josephine is a single, 45-year-old woman who earns a decent salary and has few interests and friends outside her office. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, has a loving family, and enjoys his work. You have decided to apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs to determine what motivates each of these individuals. Which of the following needs would most motivate Jonathan?

Correct self-actualization

As part of their sales training, the staff at Penny Stores is encouraged to build personal relationships with the store's patrons. Apart from receiving product training, the staff is taught to follow a scripted sales process wherein they must greet the customers, introduce themselves, and enquire about their purchase. They are also encouraged to engage in casual conversation with the customer. In a recent survey conducted by the marketing department, it was revealed that customers were dissatisfied with the level of service at Penny Stores. Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation?

Customers associate superior service with efficiency and not friendliness.

Adam Sears is an assembly line employee with Swenson Motors. Though Adam is popular among his supervisors and colleagues, Adam experiences low morale and lack of motivation. He feels frustrated that his job is restricted to fixing nuts and bolts on the car parts. He fears that he has no chances of advancing in his career as he cannot completely assemble a car. Which of the following is true with regard to Adam? A) Adam's job has high task complexity. B) Adam's job has a high span of control. C) Adam's job has low role definition. D) Adam's job has low task identity. E) Adam's job has high task significance.

D) Adam's job has low task identity.

________ refers to a model which suggests that workplace events cause emotional reactions on the part of employees, which then influence workplace attitudes and behaviors. A) Ironic process theory B) Implicit personality theory C) Disengagement theory D) Affective events theory E) Construal level theory

D) Affective events theory

Ben has been working as a process executive at an accounting firm for the past two years. A hard worker, his work is of good quality and he often puts in extra hours at the office to ensure his schedules are on track. Noticing his efforts, the management offers him a 20 percent hike. Two months later, Ben submits his resignation and soon joins a startup organization, at a senior position. Which of the following best explains this situation? A) Ben felt the hike was unwarranted. B) Ben, though highly skilled, lacked ambition. C) Ben was motivated by the prospect of extrinsic rewards. D) Ben found his work to be routine and monotonous. E) Ben was gunning for a position at the competing firm all along.

D) Ben found his work to be routine and monotonous.

Mara is looking to send one of her team members on an international assignment to China, to train a group of employees located at her company's office in Beijing. As part of the assignment, the chosen employee will have to undergo a 3-week diversity training program to help them learn about their new environment. Bryan, one of Mara's colleagues, is interested in taking up the assignment. 57) Which of the following, if true, would reduce the likelihood that Bryan will be selected? A) Bryan has had little exposure to Chinese culture. B) Bryan is proficient in Chinese. C) Bryan traveled to Beijing last year on a different assignment. D) Bryan does not cope very well in ambiguous situations. E) Bryan sometimes displays striking contradictions between his public persona and his private self.

D) Bryan does not cope very well in ambiguous situations

Which of the following is an example of deep acting? A) Sasha ignores a colleague's question because she knows he has a personal grudge against her. B) Andy conceals her emotions and politely talks to a customer even though he is annoying her. C) Liza smiles at her manager even though last week she was passed over for a promotion. D) Dave tries to get along with a co-worker because they will soon be working together on a project. E) Javier is tired of working long hours and calls in sick on Monday to skip work.

D) Dave tries to get along with a co-worker because they will soon be working together on a project.

________ diversity refers to diversity with respect to attributes that are less easy to observe initially but that can be inferred after more direct experience. A) Surface-level B) Additive C) Demographic D) Deep-level E) Conjunctive

D) Deep-level

Charles, Anna, Elle, and Adam are college friends and work in New York City. Comfortable living in New York occurs at about $40,000 a year. Charles makes $24,000 a year, Anna makes $30,000 a year, Elle makes $50,000 a year, and Adam makes $75,000 a year. Which of the following is most likely to be true with reference to correlation between pay and job satisfaction? A) Charles is more satisfied with his job in comparison with Anna. B) Anna is more satisfied with the job than Adam. C) Charles and Adam share identical levels of job satisfaction related to pay. D) Elle and Adam are most likely to have a similar level of job satisfaction. E) Charles and Anna have the same levels of job satisfaction in relation to their pay.

D) Elle and Adam are most likely to have a similar level of job satisfaction.

The business head at Solaris Services was alarmed by the finding of a recent survey conducted in-house which revealed that most employees were dissatisfied with their work. He holds a meeting with various department heads to identify ways to stem the brewing discontent. One manager suggests providing employees with greater training opportunities. What assumption is the manager making? A) Employees feel that their efforts are not being adequately recognized by the management. B) Employees are highly skilled and value economic rewards over and above opportunities for growth. C) Employees are stifled by the degree of centralized control and bureaucracy within the organization. D) Employees feel that their employer does not value them enough to make investments in them. E) Employees feel excluded from organizational issues that have an influence on them.

D) Employees feel that their employer does not value them enough to make investments in them.

________ refers to basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific proof. A) Emergency management B) Personal knowledge management C) Property management D) Evidence-based management E) Knowledge management

D) Evidence-based management

Which of the following statements is true regarding negotiation? A) Displaying a negative emotion at a negotiation can never be effective. B) Angry negotiators who have less power than opponents have better outcomes. C) Individuals who do poorly in a negotiation are more willing to be cooperative in future negotiations. D) Feeling bad about your performance during a negotiation tends to impair future negotiations. E) Individuals who do poorly in a negotiation develop positive perceptions of their counterpart.

D) Feeling bad about your performance during a negotiation tends to impair future negotiations.

Which of the following statements is true regarding flexible benefits? A) Flexible benefits are awarded through uniform packages to cover the requirements of a married couple with two children. B) Flexible benefits are in accordance with the belief that employees have identical needs that must be rewarded identically. C) Gainsharing and profit-sharing plans are two major types of flexible benefits. D) Flexible benefits can be altered to meet employee needs based on age, marital status, and number and age of dependents. E) Flexible benefits are given based on an employee's skills, competence, and productivity.

D) Flexible benefits can be altered to meet employee needs based on age, marital status, and number and age of dependents.

John Hardley recently joined as marketing director of H2O, a water sports gear company. Though in the last five years the company has had a drastic dip in sales, ever since Hardley has joined he has turned the figures around. In addition to revamping the look of the brand, he has initiated several marketing campaigns through broadcast media to increase customer base for the company. Hardley has over the past 6 months managed to get the company to an all time high peak of sales. Which of the following statements best describes Hardley? A) Hardley is a low self-monitor. B) Hardley is a narcissist. C) Hardley scores high in machiavellianism. D) Hardley has a proactive personality. E) Hardley is a low risk-taking person.

D) Hardley has a proactive personality

Which of the following is not a reality for today's workforce? A) Many workers never get away from the virtual workplace. B) Organizations are asking employees to put in longer hours. C) Employees have fewer outside commitments. D) Issues related to well-being have dropped as the number of employees who work at home rises. E) The line between work and non-work time has become blurred.

D) Issues related to well-being have dropped as the number of employees who work at home rises.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the rational decision-making model? A) It takes into consideration the limited information-processing capability of individuals. B) It involves constructing simplified models without capturing all their complexity. C) It deals with satisficing decisions by seeking solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient. D) It assumes that an individual is able to identify all relevant options in an unbiased manner. E) It is an unconscious decision-making process created from distilled experience.

D) It assumes that an individual is able to identify all relevant options in an unbiased manner

Which of the following is an argument used against emotional intelligence? A) It is not genetically influenced and thus is void of an underlying biological factor. B) It does not have the capacity to predict criteria that matter. C) It can be learned by experience. D) It cannot be measured easily and measures of EI are diverse. E) It is not closely related to intelligence and personality.

D) It cannot be measured easily and measures of EI are diverse.

Which of the following is true regarding systematic study? A) It attributes causes and effects based on intuition. B) It involves supporting decisions based on gut feelings. C) It analyzes relationships based on previous experiences. D) It involves analyzing relationships based on scientific data. E) It involves taking action based on instinct.

D) It involves analyzing relationships based on scientific data.

Which of the following is true with respect to surface-level diversity? A) It refers to psychographic characteristics of the members of a group. B) People with surface-level diversity will also share deep-level diversity. C) It indicates differences of values, emotions and personality traits between people. D) It refers to differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender and race. E) It represents a person's or group's thought processes and feelings.

D) It refers to differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender and race.

Which of the following most likely indicates surface-level similarity? A) Tim and Jake are colleagues who take risks and are quick decision makers. B) The employees at GenSys prefer teamwork over individual assignments. C) Nina and Chuck are colleagues who share similar views on corporate social responsibility. D) Jane and Sara grew up in the same town and went to school together. E) Hannah and Nate are both introspective and tend to be slow to reach decisions.

D) Jane and Sara grew up in the same town and went to school together.

Amanda Winter used to work as a public engagement coordinator at Safe Food Alliance, until three months ago when her manager, Laura Morris, promoted her to the position of a sustainable food campaigner. However, soon after this, Laura noticed that Amanda was facing major difficulties in achieving campaign milestones and the project was falling behind schedule due to her lack of performance. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument that Laura was influenced by the halo effect in her decision to promote Amanda? A) Laura is known to micromanage most of her projects. B) Laura uses cultural stereotyping in order to speed up the process of decision making. C) Laura has made good hiring decisions in the past and is known to be an unbiased judge of character. D) Laura sat in on only one of Amanda's presentations prior to giving her the promotion. E) Laura worked closely with Amanda over a period of 8 months.

D) Laura sat in on only one of Amanda's presentations prior to giving her the promotion

________ are cognitive in nature, have an unclear, general cause, and last for several hours or days. A) Emotions B) Feelings C) Perceptions D) Moods E) Reactions

D) Moods

________ argues that people learn to behave to get something they want or to avoid something they don't want. A) Theory Y B) Theory X C) Social cognitive theory D) Operant conditioning theory E) McClelland's theory of needs

D) Operant conditioning theory

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding cognitive dissonance? A) High dissonance is accompanied by high rewards. B) People are less inspired to reduce dissonance when it is within their control. C) People are less likely to reduce dissonance when the behavior is crucial. D) People are more motivated to reduce dissonance when attitudes are important. E) The desire to reduce dissonance is not affected by moods and emotions.

D) People are more motivated to reduce dissonance when attitudes are important.

Which of the following statements is true regarding goal-setting theory? A) Goal commitment is more likely when individuals have an external locus of control. B) Externally generated feedback is more powerful than self-generated feedback. C) Generalized goals produce a higher level of output than specific goals. D) People do better when they get feedback on how well they are progressing toward their goals. E) Assigned goals generate greater goal commitment in low rather than high power-distance cultures.

D) People do better when they get feedback on how well they are progressing toward their goals.

Which of the following statements is true about personality? A) Personality is free from the influence of the environment. B) Personality remains constant over time. C) Personality can be measured solely through personal interviews. D) Personality is influenced by hereditary factors. E) Parents highly influence the development of our personality.

D) Personality is influenced by hereditary factors

________ may be referred to as the capacity to undertake tasks that demand stamina, dexterity, and strength. A) Cognitive abilities B) Intellectual abilities C) Mental abilities D) Physical abilities E) Emotional intelligence

D) Physical abilities

Which of these five employees is most suitable for handling your responsibilities when you are on a vacation? A) Joe B) Mary C) Tim D) Sarah E) Doug

D) Sarah

Which of the following, if true, would weaken the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance? A) She believes that beauty is merely a superficial aspect of one's personality. B) She does not wear makeup as she is aware of the ingredients that go into making these products. C) She recently attended a presentation on the harmful effects of certain chemicals used in cosmetics. D) She believes that research and testing are an integral part of providing consumers with safe products. E) She feels that this field of work does not allow her to utilize her full potential.

D) She believes that research and testing are an integral part of providing consumers with safe products.

Based on the equity theory, which of the following, if true, would strengthen the argument that Megan is trying to gain a sense of equity by changing her inputs? A) She asks her boss for a raise, citing her years of experience with the company. B) She claims that extrinsic rewards make work seem like a chore and less enjoyable. C) She accepts additional responsibilities but fails to carry them out effectively. D) She takes long breaks from work and shirks her responsibilities. E) She constantly interrupts her colleague, refusing to let her get any work done.

D) She takes long breaks from work and shirks her responsibilities.

Which of the following is true about emotions? A) They are experienced over several days or months. B) They are never caused by specific events. C) They are less intense than moods. D) They are critical to rational thinking. E) They are less fleeting than moods.

D) They are critical to rational thinking.

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding people with proactive personalities? A) They react passively to situations. B) They tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation. C) They tend to be selfish and exploitive and believe others exist for their benefit. D) They are more likely than others to be seen as leaders. E) They are narcissistic in nature and require constant admiration.

D) They are more likely than others to be seen as leaders

Which of the following is true with respect to biographical characteristics? A) They are non-objective in nature and cannot be observed. B) They represent characteristics such as personality and work ethics. C) They cannot be obtained from personnel records. D) They are representative of surface-level diversity. E) They comprise features such as motivation and commitment.

D) They are representative of surface-level diversity.

Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of disengaged employees? A) They feel a deep connection for their organization. B) They have a sense of passion for their work. C) They have the lowest levels of turnover. D) They put in time but give no attention to their work. E) They proactively take up responsibilities.

D) They put in time but give no attention to their work.

Which of the following explains why the relationship between age and job performance is likely to be of increasing importance during the next decade? A) The workforce is shrinking, and older workers are compelled to work beyond retirement. B) A decline in immigration has opened up more entry-level positions for older workers. C) Increasing job opportunities are opening up in the domestic sector, resulting in a dearth of employees. D) U.S. legislation, in effect, outlaws mandatory retirement. E) A majority of people believe that productivity rises as a person grows older.

D) U.S. legislation, in effect, outlaws mandatory retirement.

Rachel's parents used to pay her an allowance every week to feed the cats and to do a few other chores around the house. However, once her mother lost her job, her parents stopped giving her an allowance. Although Rachel quit making her bed every morning, she still continued to feed the cats. Which of the following best explains why Rachel continues to feed the cats? A) Without the extrinsic reward, the task itself is eliminated. B) With the extrinsic reward, the execution of the task relies on internal motivation. C) Without the intrinsic reward, the execution of the task relies on external motivation. D) Without the extrinsic reward, the execution of the task relies on internal motivation. E) With the intrinsic reward, the execution of the task relies on external motivation.

D) Without the extrinsic reward, the execution of the task relies on internal motivation.

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about differences between men and women in relation to emotional reactions? A) Men are more emotionally expressive than women. B) Men experience emotions more intensely than women. C) Women express anger more frequently than men. D) Women tend to hold onto emotions longer than men. E) Men display positive emotions more frequently than women.

D) Women tend to hold onto emotions longer than men.

According to the job characteristics model, task significance is the degree to which ________. A) a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work B) a job generates direct and clear information about performance C) a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling work and determining its procedure D) a job bears an impact on the lives or work of other people E) a job requires a variety of different activities

D) a job bears an impact on the lives or work of other people

Ashley Madison works as a receptionist at a fashion magazine. One morning, her boss walks into the office and yells at her, telling her that the front office is a mess and she needs to clean it immediately. After her boss leaves the room, Madison goes to the front office and violently slams trash into the bin. Which of the following best describes Madison's anger? A) a recognition B) an insight C) a mood D) an emotion E) a perception

D) an emotion

Which of the following types of biases is most likely to play a significant role during a negotiation? A) impact bias B) normalcy bias C) distinction bias D) anchoring bias E) status quo bias

D) anchoring bias

Other-outside is a referent comparison that refers to ________. A) an employee's experiences in a similar position outside the employee's current organization B) another individual or group of individuals inside the employee's organization C) an employee's experiences in a different position inside the employee's current organization D) another individual or group of individuals outside the employee's organization E) an employee's experiences in a different position outside the employee's current organization

D) another individual or group of individuals outside the employee's organization

As compared to high self-monitors, low self-monitors ________. A) tend to be more adaptable to external situations B) pay closer attention to the behavior of others C) have low consistency between personalities and actions D) are less likely to emerge as leaders E) show less commitment to their organizations

D) are less likely to emerge as leaders

The concept of "reflected best-self" involves ________. A) focusing on eliminating shortcomings to bring out the best in oneself B) making employees aware of their weaknesses and rectifying them C) observing and monitoring drawbacks of a team and then increasing their efficiency with the help of adequate training D) asking employees to think about when they were at their personal best in order to exploit their strengths E) studying industry-wide best practices and then implementing it

D) asking employees to think about when they were at their personal best in order to exploit their strengths

Kimberley Mayfield recently evaluated her subordinate's progress report. She now plans to inform her about the objectives she did not achieve and how she can perform better. By doing this, Mayfield will be demonstrating the ________ component of an attitude. A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive

D) behavioral

The concept of operant conditioning is a part of the broader concept of ________, which argues that behavior follows stimuli in a relatively unthinking manner. A) equity theory B) expectancy theory C) cognitive behavioral therapy D) behaviorism E) humanism

D) behaviorism

Which of the following is an example of a process at the organizational level? A) attitudes and stress B) withdrawal behavior C) emotions and moods D) change of practices E) team responsibilities

D) change of practices

The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace is called ________ behavior. A) withdrawal B) associative C) networked D) citizenship E) cohesive

D) citizenship

Group ________ is the extent to which members of a group support and validate one another at work. A) affect B) associability C) think D) cohesion E) maturity

D) cohesion

) With reference to the Hofstede's Framework for Assessing Cultures, ________ emphasizes a tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them. A) uncertainty avoidance B) long-term orientation C) masculinity D) collectivism E) power distance

D) collectivism

The tendency to seek out information that reaffirms past choices and to discount information that contradicts past judgments is known as a(n) ________ bias. A) distinction B) omission C) impact D) confirmation E) anchoring

D) confirmation

During team meetings Amber Downing always notices that Rhona Law tends to ask innumerable questions and suggests ideas at each discussion. However, Law stands out in the meetings only because she is the only one making suggestions. If both of them were part of team meetings where almost all members made suggestions and asked questions, Law would not have drawn as much attention from Downing. Which of the following factors has most likely influenced Downing's perception of Law? A) expectation B) interest C) past experience D) context E) motive

D) context

Jackie thinks that she is paid a lot less than other employees in her division and feels extremely resentful. She starts taking long breaks and generally wastes time. Her actions resulted from a perceived lack of ________ justice. A) interactional B) interpersonal C) procedural D) distributive E) associative

D) distributive

Which of the following is referred to as a halo effect? A) attributing our own successes to internal factors and failures to external factors B) judging someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which he or she belongs C) interpreting a person's behavior in comparison to others recently encountered D) drawing a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic E) underestimating the influence of external factors when making judgments about people

D) drawing a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic

Which of the following is an example of an epicurean activity which helps increase a person's positive mood? A) attending a meeting B) playing video games C) going on a ski vacation D) eating a meal with friends E) watching a movie

D) eating a meal with friends

Alejandro is constantly annoying people in the office. He speaks his mind freely without taking into consideration how it will affect others, doesn't try to smile when he's in a bad mood, and can't understand why other people are upset with him. Alejandro's inability to be self-aware indicates that he has a very low ________. A) cognitive intelligence B) self-esteem C) negative affect D) emotional intelligence E) job satisfaction

D) emotional intelligence

Among the Big Five Model traits, ________ is most strongly related to life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and low stress levels. A) extroversion B) agreeableness C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability E) openness to experience

D) emotional stability

Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic reward? A) bonus B) profit-sharing plan C) employee stock option D) employee recognition E) gainsharing

D) employee recognition

At Esco Retail, all employees are constantly driven to work hard. The company places maximum emphasis on stocking high quality goods and providing high quality service to retain the edge they have in the retail industry. To promote organizational commitment further, the company incentivizes employees by enabling them to purchase company shares at below-market prices as a part of their benefits. This mode of providing incentives represents the use of ________. A) flexible benefits plans B) merit-based plans C) modular plans D) employee stock ownership plans E) core-plus plans

D) employee stock ownership plans

Which of the following best represents deep-level similarity? A) colleagues who both hail from the same neighborhood in Alabama B) employees who are college graduates with a degree in business management C) employees who speak Spanish and share similar religious values D) employees who seek challenges in assignments and like to work collaboratively E) employees in their mid-thirties with 10 years' work experience in the publishing industry

D) employees who seek challenges in assignments and like to work collaboratively

According to Albert Bandura, the most important source of increasing self-efficacy is ________. A) arousal B) vicarious modeling C) verbal persuasion D) enactive mastery E) cognitive learning

D) enactive mastery

Differences in ________ indicate surface-level diversity. A) personality B) values C) style of work D) ethnicity E) attitudes

D) ethnicity

Women being assigned marginal job roles that do not lead to promotion is an example of the ________ form of discrimination. A) hazing B) gaslighting C) coercion D) exclusion E) battery

D) exclusion

Which of the following theories discusses three relationships: effort-performance relationship, performance-reward relationship, and rewards-personal goals relationship? A) goal-setting theory B) self-efficacy theory C) equity theory D) expectancy theory E) self-determination theory

D) expectancy theory

Monica Walden feels that people who use plastic bags are insensitive toward the environment. She believes that people have a certain obligation toward their environment and should take it upon themselves to protect and preserve it. Which of the following factors has most likely influenced Walden's perception of people? A) location B) time C) characteristic of the target D) expectation E) context

D) expectation

The ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible is known as ________. A) static strength B) stamina C) trunk strength D) extent flexibility E) balance

D) extent flexibility

People scoring high on the ________ dimension of the Big Five Model are more likely to be absent from work and engage in risky behavior than those who score low. A) agreeableness B) conscientiousness C) openness D) extraversion E) emotional stability

D) extraversion

Amber Downing, a human resource executive, is in charge of the recruitment process in her organization. During the hiring process, she often needs to coordinate with prospective employees. The organizational process does not require her to inform employees who do not get through the selection process. However she believes that it is rude not to give them an update. She thus makes sure that she send them e-mails informing them all about the selection process. Which of the following personality types is Downing characterized by according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification? A) sensing B) judging C) thinking D) feeling E) introverted

D) feeling

Which of the following is an example of the affective component of an attitude? A) believing that one achieved all objectives of a project B) relying on the information of a company's annual report C) perceiving whistle-blowing as the right thing to do D) feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing E) deciding to fire an employee because of underperformance

D) feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing

Amber and Emma were recently hired by a marketing agency. Though there is a lot of work that has been allotted to both of them, Amber is always in a good mood. Emma, on the other hand, appears to be depressed with her job. Compared to Emma, Amber is more likely to ________. A) take an extended time at processing information B) have poor problem-solving skills C) make poorer decisions D) find better solutions to problems E) weigh all possible options rather than the most likely ones

D) find better solutions to problems

To get the best results while using reinforcement theory, rewards should be ________. A) small and given only once B) large and given at irregular intervals C) given prior to the desired behavior response D) given immediately following the desired behavior E) presented publicly with a large number of witnesses

D) given immediately following the desired behavior

Carlos is upset because his boss gave him work to finish over the weekend. It is Friday. Which of the following is most likely to help Carlos lift his spirits? A) watching TV with his friends B) playing a video game at home C) attending a meeting D) going to a party with his friends E) attending a training session

D) going to a party with his friends

William Davies, a guest relations executive at a five star deluxe hotel, regularly interacts with bureaucrats, politicians, celebrities, and other prosperous individuals. He feels that all rich people are kind, hardworking, and friendly. Which of the following is Davies most likely to be characterized by? A) confirmation bias B) self-serving bias C) randomness error D) halo effect E) hindsight bias

D) halo effect

________ refers to the tendency of people to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic. A) Confirmation bias B) Self-serving bias C) Randomness error D) Halo effect E) Hindsight bias

D) halo effect

Wanda Elder works as a human resource executive. Being helpful is inherent in her nature, and she regularly interacts with employees, helping them understand their needs and easing difficulties. She reads emotional cues of people with ease and knows how to express her emotions without violating organizational norms. Which of the following is Elder characterized by? A) high cognitive dissonance B) low self-esteem C) high emotional dissonance D) high emotional intelligence E) low job satisfaction

D) high emotional intelligence

Janice Yoder works in an environmental campaigning organization and often needs to interact with a large team for project implementation activities. However, she always finds it difficult to work as a part of a team. She always seems to have major disagreements with team members which lead to antagonistic relations between them. Though she has moved from one team to another, her relations with colleagues always seem to be hostile and cold. How would the attribution theory describe this behavior? A) low on consensus B) high on reliability C) high on adaptability D) high on consistency E) low on distinctiveness

D) high on consistency

Individuals scoring ________ have a strong ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors and can behave differently in different situations. A) low on openness B) high on narcissism C) low on agreeableness D) high on self-monitoring E) low on conscientiousness

D) high on self-monitoring

Jean Ervin works as a fund raising executive at a women rights organization in San Diego. Though she has been with the organization for only a year now, she has already been promoted and often gets excellent feedback from her manager. Her manager says that the key to Ervin's good performance is that she is happy with the work she does and she is excited about the challenges in tasks, which she takes up with a lot of enthusiasm. Which of the following mood dimensions is Ervin most likely to be feeling? A) low positive affect B) neutral affect C) low negative affect D) high positive affect E) high negative affect

D) high positive affect

The tendency to believe falsely, after an outcome of an event is actually known, that one would have accurately predicted that outcome is known as a(n) ________ bias. A) self-serving B) confirmation C) impact D) hindsight E) anchoring

D) hindsight

Which of the following determinants of behavior does organizational behavior study? A) profits B) job satisfaction C) perks D) individuals E) collective bargaining

D) individuals

The ________ element of motivation describes how hard a person tries. A) intelligence B) experience C) direction D) intensity E) persistence

D) intensity

Which of the following factors represents the influence of social aspects of the work environment on motivation? A) task identity B) autonomy C) feedback D) interdependence E) skill variety

D) interdependence

The most important thing a manager can do to raise employee satisfaction is to focus on ________. A) employee pay B) benefits C) work hours D) intrinsic parts of the job E) employee productivity

D) intrinsic parts of the job

Janice and Shane are both senior software analysts. They have worked together on projects for six years and get along very well. Janice is anticipating the arrival of her first child and will not be able to work on a full-time basis in the future. Shane is contemplating opening his own business as a home media installation consultant and does not want to continue to work full time. They both need some income. Which of the following alternative job structures would be best for Janice and Shane? A) job enlargement B) telecommuting C) job rotation D) job sharing E) job enrichment

D) job sharing

Megan Cardova, who works as a sales executive at Orbit Bank, has been failing to meet her sales targets for the last 10 months. Recently, she had a face-to-face discussion with her manager where she said that the unrealistic targets were the reason for her underperformance. The manager, however, noticed that all the other team members were achieving their targets and sometimes were even achieving more than the set numbers. Which of the following is Cardova's behavior most likely to be characterized as according to the attribution theory? A) low distinctiveness B) high rigidity C) high traceability D) low consensus E) low consistency

D) low consensus

Samantha is never late for work. But last Monday she arrived an hour late because of heavy traffic. According to the attribution theory, Samantha's behavior on that day scores ________. A) high on reliability B) low on distinctiveness C) high on traceability D) low on consistency E) high on stability

D) low on consistency

Participative management is a method of management where ________. A) representatives of workers form work councils and these councils must be consulted when management makes decisions about employees B) few representatives of workers sit on a company's board of directors C) subordinates share a significant degree of decision-making power with their immediate superiors D) low-level workers meet occasionally with the CEO to discuss problems within their department E) low-level workers are responsible for making corporate policy decisions

D) low-level workers meet occasionally with the CEO to discuss problems within their department

Daichi Inc. is a Japanese software development firm known for its high quality products. Recently, the company held its annual conference and awarded all those employees who were in the top five percent with substantial monetary rewards. Their performance was evaluated on the basis of target achievement, client feedback, and quality ratings. Employees whose performance had not changed drastically were given a minor raise and those who fared badly received no incentives. Many employees blamed the company for creating differences among employees because they felt that it would harm the company in the long run, but Daichi Inc. truly believes that to retain and motivate its best performers, a large incentive is a good step. Daichi Inc. is using a(n) ________ here. A) piece-rate plan B) employee stock ownership plan C) modular plan D) merit-based plan E) flexible benefits plan

D) merit-based plan

Annette Simpson works for a fashion house in Paris and is preparing for the company's upcoming line of winter clothing. She is currently researching online to know what is in vogue this season. In addition, she is also networking with contacts from the press and fashion magazine editors to understand the changing tastes of consumers. Which of the following roles is Simpson playing according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles? A) figurehead B) leader C) symbol head D) monitor E) spokesperson

D) monitor

The core dimensions of the job characteristics model can be combined into a single predictive index called ________. A) extrinsic motivation score B) personal outcome score C) job diagnostic score D) motivating potential score E) potential development score

D) motivating potential score

During an annual review, Michel Godfrey made the following assertion: "When I look at myself and my performance, I see that what I have achieved is outstanding and something no one in the organization has the capacity to undertake. Surprisingly, it has not won me the admiration of my colleagues like it should have. I also believe that I do not just deserve a raise, but need one, since without me, let's face it, the place would simply fall apart." Which of the following personality traits best describes Michel's personality? A) minimalism B) monasticism C) stoicism D) narcissism E) machiavellianism

D) narcissism

________ refers to the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement. A) Asceticism B) Stoicism C) Cynicism D) Narcissism E) Machiavellianism

D) narcissism

Which of the following is a factor present in a target which may affect a person's perception? A) attitude B) motive C) interest D) novelty E) experience

D) novelty

Marina Lyon works as a reservation executive at a travel and tourism company. Though her job requires her only to efficiently book flight tickets for customers, she has also opted to undergo training to learn the process of hotel reservations. In addition, every evening she reads travelogues to be aware of upcoming travel destinations and trends. She loves the industry she works in and is eager to learn as much as she can. Considering the information given in this case, which dimension of the Big Five model best describes Lyon's personality ? A) extroversion B) agreeableness C) conscientiousness D) openness to experience E) emotional stability

D) openness to experience

In equity theory, individuals assess the ________. A) cost-benefit ratio B) efficiency-effectiveness trade-off C) quantity-quality trade-off D) outcome-input ratio E) quality of outcome

D) outcome-input ratio

Employees with positive core self-evaluations believe in their inner worth and basic competence and are more satisfied with their jobs than those with negative core self-evaluations. The concept of positive core self-evaluations indicates that ________. A) promotions and growth opportunities influence job satisfaction B) employees should be regularly monitored and provided feedback C) job conditions have a direct influence on job satisfaction D) personality plays a role in job satisfaction E) pay always has a direct correlation with job satisfaction

D) personality plays a role in job satisfaction

According to Fred Luthans and his associates, managers who are involved in networking activities are most likely to undertake which of the following? A) planning B) decision making C) controlling D) politicking E) staffing

D) politicking

Flexible spending plans consist of ________. A) a core of essential benefits and a menu-like selection of others from which employees can select B) no base salary; the employee is paid only for what he or she produces on the basis of a fixed sum for each unit of production completed C) a fraction of a company's profit margins determined on the basis of an established formula D) pretax dollars up to the dollar amount offered in the plan that an employee sets apart to pay for particular benefits E) modules of benefits, each of which meets the needs of a specific group of employees

D) pretax dollars up to the dollar amount offered in the plan that an employee sets apart to pay for particular benefits

Edith believes that the methods for determining salary hikes and bonuses in her company are extremely unfair. In this case, Edith perceives a lack of ________ justice. A) interpersonal B) distributive C) associative D) procedural E) interactional

D) procedural

Which of the following types of justice relates most strongly to job satisfaction, employee trust, withdrawal from the organization, job performance, and citizenship behaviors? A) associative justice B) interactional justice C) distributive justice D) procedural justice E) integrative justice

D) procedural justice

A ________ plan distributes compensation based on some established formula designed around revenue of the company. A) piece-rate B) merit-based C) skill-based D) profit-sharing E) competency-based

D) profit-sharing

According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to make or approve significant organizational decisions and assign human, physical, and monetary assets. A) disseminator B) liaison C) entrepreneur D) resource allocator E) disturbance handlers

D) resource allocator

According to the Big Five Model, a highly conscientious person is most likely to be ________. A) distracted, disorganized, and unreliable B) calm, self-confident, and secure C) cold, disagreeable, and antagonistic D) responsible, organized, and dependable E) reserved, timid, and quiet

D) responsible, organized, and dependable

If a manager incorrectly assumes that all employees want the same thing, then according to the expectancy theory, it is most likely to result in a weak ________ relationship. A) performance-achievement B) effort-performance C) performance-reward D) rewards-personal goals E) effort-satisfaction

D) rewards-personal goals

You are more likely to notice a car like your own due to ________. A) stereotyping B) self-serving bias C) halo effect D) selective perception E) contrast effect

D) selective perception

The church you go to every Sunday is made up of people who have very different lifestyles and are at different stages in their life. Joanna is a 23-year-old, single parent who works for minimum wage and shifts from motel to motel for accommodation. Josephine is a single, 45-year-old woman who earns a decent salary and has few interests and friends outside her office. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, has a loving family, and enjoys his work. You have decided to apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs to determine what motivates each of these individuals. Which of the following needs would most motivate Jonathan? A) social B) esteem C) physiological D) self-actualization E) safety

D) self-actualization

Which of the following theories proposes that people prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel more like an obligation than a freely chosen activity will undermine motivation? A) self-serving theory B) motivation-hygiene theory C) two-factor theory D) self-determination theory E) goal setting theory

D) self-determination theory

The ________ theory is also known as the social cognitive theory or the social learning theory. A) two-factor B) self-determination C) goal-setting D) self-efficacy E) reinforcement

D) self-efficacy

Dennis Galvan works as a campaigner at Green Earth, an environmental organization. Every month, his organization arranges a team outing where they indulge in football and other team-building activities. The human resource department ensures that there are regular interactions between employees through team dinners and cultural events. According to the information given in this case, which of the following is most likely to be the reason for Galvan's high level of satisfaction toward his job? A) salary packaging B) promotion and growth C) constructive dismissal D) social context E) profile of work

D) social context

Rose Buffay needs to give a presentation to the board of directors of her organization next week. She knows that her presentation will play an important role in her performance appraisal in the next quarter. However, she knows that two of her colleagues, John Roy and Keith Mathews, will also be giving a presentation on the same issue. She is nervous because she believes that men have a better flair for giving presentations. Buffay's perception of Roy and Mathews is most likely characterized by ________. A) a halo effect B) a contrast effect C) a hindsight bias D) stereotyping E) a confirmation bias

D) stereotyping

Analyzing relationships, determining causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence, all constitute aspects of ________ study. A) organizational B) intuitive C) theoretical D) systematic E) case-based

D) systematic

Samantha Barnes is an emergency medical technician. Recently, during an emergency call, she was able to resuscitate a man who had a cardiac arrest. Subsequently, she spent some time calming the 12-year-old daughter of the patient and looked after her till the rest of the patient's family arrived at the hospital. Based on this description, it can be concluded that Samantha's job is high in ________. A) task identity B) feedback C) extrinsic rewards D) task significance E) job rotation

D) task significance

The option of working at home at least 2 days a week on a computer linked to the employer's office is termed as ________. A) job sharing B) social loafing C) offshoring D) telecommuting E) homeshoring

D) telecommuting

Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as trunk strength? A) the ability to maintain equilibrium despite forces pulling off balance B) the ability to coordinate the simultaneous actions of different parts of the body C) the ability to expend a maximum of energy in one or a series of explosive acts D) the ability to exert muscular strength using the abdominal muscles E) the ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible

D) the ability to exert muscular strength using the abdominal muscles

According to the two-factor theory, ________. A) there exists a hierarchy of needs within every human being, and as each need is satisfied, the next one becomes dominant B) most employees inherently dislike work and must therefore be directed or even coerced into performing it C) employees view work as being as natural as rest or play, and therefore learn to accept, and even seek, responsibility D) the aspects that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction E) achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation

D) the aspects that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction

Employees are most likely to perceive their organization as supportive when ________. A) they experience a cognitive dissonance between their job attitude and behavior B) the affective component of the attitude is extremely strong C) there is a weak relationship between their attitude and behavior D) they have a voice in decisions E) they experience an emotional contagion while performing their job duties

D) they have a voice in decisions

Which of the following is a factor present in a situation which may affect a person's perception? A) similarity B) size C) expectation D) time E) experience

D) time

The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework expands employee response to include voice and loyalty—constructive behaviors that allow individuals to ________. A) revolt against the management B) reject unionization and focus on team-building activities C) identify psychologically with their jobs D) tolerate unpleasant situations or revive satisfactory working conditions E) decrease emotional contagion

D) tolerate unpleasant situations or revive satisfactory working conditions

Job dissatisfaction is more likely to translate into ________ when employees feel or perceive they have many available alternatives and when employees have high human capital. A) high productivity B) employee engagement C) increased customer satisfaction D) turnover E) organizational citizenship behavior

D) turnover

According to Hofstede's framework, ________ indicates the degree to which people in a country prefer structured to unstructured situations. A) collectivism B) power distance C) long-term orientation D) uncertainty avoidance E) individualism

D) uncertainty avoidance

Audrey Smith is a renowned psychiatrist in New Jersey. While interacting with patients, she needs to understand their points of view by listening intently to what they say. It is important that she understands their problems so that she can offer advice. In such a situation, Smith is using the ________ dimension of intellectual ability. A) number aptitude B) perpetual speed C) spatial visualization D) verbal comprehension E) lateral thinking

D) verbal comprehension

One of the sources of self-efficacy is ________, becoming more confident because you see someone else doing the task. A) arousal B) enactive mastery C) visualization D) vicarious modeling E) verbal persuasion

D) vicarious modeling

Employees who use the flextime option have to ________. A) work from the office for three days of the week B) work from home on a relatively permanent basis C) work from the office based on a schedule fixed with the compatible partner they function with D) work from the office during the common core period and put in the extra hours per their convenience E) work from home only two days a week

D) work from the office during the common core period and put in the extra hours per their convenience

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effects of moods and emotions on decision making?

Depressed people tend to weigh all possible options rather than the most likely ones.

With reference to the expectancy theory, which of the following examples indicates a weak rewards-personal goals relationship? A) An employee lacks the skills required to reach the desired performance level. B) An organization's appraisal system assesses nonperformance factors such as creativity and initiative. C) An organization rewards its employees based on factors such as seniority and skill level. D) An employee believes that his manager does not like him and hence expects a poor appraisal. E) An employee works hard in order to be relocated to the Paris office but instead is transferred to Beijing.

E) An employee works hard in order to be relocated to the Paris office but instead is transferred to Beijing.

Raylon Inc. needs to hire a new floor supervisor. As the company has recently made an effort to increase diversity within the organization, the HR team wants to hire a qualified female candidate for the role instead of adequately qualified male candidates. However, top management insists that optimal performance is the top priority and that the candidate hired should be the person best suited for the job. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen HR's case for hiring the female candidate? A) There are nearly as many female employees on the floor as male employees. B) The company has recently introduced policies that provide greater benefits for working and single mothers. C) Most of the top-level managers in the company are female. D) The company policy stipulates that each employee has to work at least one week per month on a night shift. E) Both candidates have the qualifications required to perform up to expectations.

E) Both candidates have the qualifications required to perform up to expectations.

Mara is looking to send one of her team members on an international assignment to China, to train a group of employees located at her company's office in Beijing. As part of the assignment, the chosen employee will have to undergo a 3-week diversity training program to help them learn about their new environment. Bryan, one of Mara's colleagues, is interested in taking up the assignment. Which of the following, if true, would increase the likelihood that Bryan will be selected? A) Bryan's application was rejected the last time he applied for an international assignment. B) Bryan has trained several employees in the last six months. C) Bryan has had little exposure to Chinese culture. D) Bryan displays striking contradictions between his public persona and his private self. E) Bryan is quite sociable and can "think on his feet."

E) Bryan is quite sociable and can "think on his feet"

________ variables are variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. A) Global B) General C) Dependent D) Non-reactive E) Contingency

E) Contingency

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effects of moods and emotions on decision making? A) Moods and emotions have no direct influence on decision making. B) People in good moods are less likely than others to use heuristics to make decisions. C) Positive emotions tend to diminish problem-solving skills and analytical skills. D) People with positive emotions are slower at processing information than depressed people. E) Depressed people tend to weigh all possible options rather than the most likely ones.

E) Depressed people tend to weigh all possible options rather than the most likely ones.

Which of the following questions best helps understand an employee's organizational commitment? A) Do you feel you have a good working relationship with team members? B) Do you feel the organization will take care of you and your family in times of need? C) Do you enjoy your work even in the face of challenges? D) Does the organization provide valuable feedback to help you increase productivity? E) Do you believe in the organization's objective on sustainable work practices?

E) Do you believe in the organization's objective on sustainable work practices?

Which of the following questions best helps understand the degree of perceived organizational support among employees? A) Do you believe that employee engagement has a large impact on productivity? B) Do you believe there is sufficient employee engagement in your department? C) Do your beliefs align with the organization's vision and long-term goals? D) Do you feel the long-term goals on sustainable work practices are workable? E) Do you feel the organization has sufficient recognition rewards to value good work?

E) Do you feel the organization has sufficient recognition rewards to value good work?

What is an advantage of bonuses over merit-based pay plan? A) Employees don't view bonuses as a part of their salary. B) Bonuses improve flexibility of the workforce. C) Bonuses are paid based on a formula. D) Bonuses improve performance of the group as a whole. E) Employees are rewarded for recent performance.

E) Employees are rewarded for recent performance.

________ refers to the tendency of people to associate two events when in reality there is no connection. A) Affect intensity B) Focusing effect C) Distinction bias D) Omission bias E) Illusory correlation

E) Illusory correlation

Which of the following differentiates introverts from extraverts? A) Introverts tend to be happier in their jobs in comparison to extroverts. B) Introverts express feelings more freely compared to extroverts. C) Introverts experience more positive emotions than extraverts. D) Introverts are generally more assertive than extraverts. E) Introverts are less impulsive than extraverts.

E) Introvert are less impulsive than extraverts

What is the limitation of reinforcement theory in explaining changes in behavior? A) It does not adequately describe the original behavior. B) It places too much emphasis on feelings and attitudes. C) Most behavior is, in fact, environmentally caused. D) It ignores the effect of rewards and punishments on behavior. E) It does not recognize the effect of cognitive variables.

E) It does not recognize the effect of cognitive variables.

Alana Gore works as a campaign manager at a nonprofit organization in Manhattan. She was recently asked by her supervisor to give a presentation on the progress of the ongoing climate campaign. However, throughout the presentation, her colleague Kelly Simmons interrupts her by asking irrelevant questions. In addition, she tries to insult her by constantly criticizing key findings and objectives achieved. Though Gore initially tried to be patient, she eventually loses her cool and retorts back, asking her to keep her questions and clarifications for the end of the presentation. Which of the following is a reason why Gore's reaction can be categorized as an emotion instead of a mood? A) Its cause is general and ambiguous. B) It is not action-oriented. C) It incorporates both positive and negative dimensions of affect. D) It is less cognitive in nature than moods. E) It is caused by a specific event.

E) It is caused by a specific event.

Which of the following is a drawback of self-report surveys? A) It can hold only a limited number of questions. B) It involves a large number of people in the evaluation process. C) It may have biased results if the surveyor's judgement is biased. D) It comprises of a large number of complex statistical data. E) It may result in the respondent lying to create a good impression.

E) It may result in the respondent lying to create a good impression

Jonah is currently trying to decide whether or not to allow Kate to be part of a delegation that will represent their company at an international business expo. Apart from allowing the company to market its business to potential clients, the expo will give the members of the delegation a chance to meet and network with various industry professionals and gain valuable industry insights. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen Kate's chances of being selected? A) Kate generally considers herself to be better than her colleagues. B) Kate is a go-getter — she is prepared to go to any length to get ahead. C) Kate has a conventional mindset and focuses on being efficient at her work. D) Kate often conforms to other's ideas and opinions rather than come up with her own. E) Kate is enterprising and adept at interacting with diverse groups of individuals.

E) Kate is enterprising and adept at interacting with diverse groups of individuals

Which of the following is true regarding models? A) Models propose five types of variables. B) Models proceed from outcomes to processes. C) Models are used only in manufacturing organizations. D) Models proceed from processes to inputs. E) Models show that outcomes can influence inputs in the future.

E) Models show that outcomes can influence inputs in the future.

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding moods? A) Moods are always brought about by a specific event. B) Moods last for a very short period of time, such as a few seconds. C) As compared to emotions, moods are more likely to be clearly revealed by facial expressions. D) Moods are more fleeting than emotions. E) Moods are cognitive in nature.

E) Moods are cognitive in nature.

________ is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. A) Leadership B) Management C) Learning D) Emotional labor E) Motivation

E) Motivation

Dawn Wang heads an ad agency in Texas and regularly needs to work with copywriters, artists, and designers to come up with effective branding solutions for products. For one of the company's esteemed clients, Wang and her team need to brainstorm ideas for a slogan for the client's new line of clothing. In such a situation, why is it particularly important for Wang to keep her team happy? A) People take a long time at processing information when they are in a good mood. B) People tend to weigh all options to make less likely decisions when in a good mood. C) People are less likely to use rules of thumb when they are in a good mood. D) People tend to make decisions quickly when they are in a good mood. E) People are more creative and produce more ideas when they are in a good mood.

E) People are more creative and produce more ideas when they are in a good mood.

Which of the following statements is true according to McClelland's theory of needs? A) People with a high achievement need prefer tasks that have a high level of risk. B) People with a high achievement need are interested in motivating others to do well. C) People with a high need for power and affiliation often make good managers in large firms. D) People with a high achievement need experience great satisfaction from success that comes by luck. E) People with a high need for power and a low need for affiliation often make the best managers.

E) People with a high need for power and a low need for affiliation often make the best managers.

________ is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. A) Sensation B) Impression C) Apprehension D) Attribution E) Perception

E) Perception

________ differences between people represent deep-level diversity. A) Race B) Age C) Ethnicity D) Gender E) Personality

E) Personality

________ is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others. A) Talent B) Skill C) Knowledge D) Heredity E) Personality

E) Personality

________ seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. A) Meteorology B) Theology C) Epistemology D) Lexicology E) Psychology

E) Psychology

Helen, a high school teacher, wants her students to actively participate more in class. She has decided to use reinforcement theory to get the required results. Which of the following methods is she most likely to use? A) She is going to call on students who never participate. B) She is going to yell at students, telling them that they are not making good grades. C) She is going to ask the students that always participate to allow the others to have a chance. D) She is going to model what active participation should look like at the beginning of class. E) She is going to give students an extra mark each time that they contribute.

E) She is going to give students an extra mark each time that they contribute.

The human resources department of Orbit Bank believes in being unbiased toward all employees and treating them fairly. They believe it is crucial that the company treat all their employees equally. However Susan Daniels, an employee at the bank, recently filed a lawsuit against the company, claiming that she was discriminated against. Which of the following, if true, best justifies Susan's action? A) The company did not give her preferential treatment even though she was from the host country. B) She was asked whether she was over eighteen during the first round in the interview process. C) Her colleagues expressed their dissatisfaction over their pay and severance packages. D) She had faced a similar situation of discrimination in her previous company. E) She was given the same incentives as her colleagues in spite of performing better than them.

E) She was given the same incentives as her colleagues in spite of performing better than them.

Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma? A) Should I work extra hours to complete my assignment? B) Should I e-mail my manager about queries on the project? C) Should I discuss with the management the perks being offered? D) Should I ask my manager for leave during Christmas? E) Should I play politics to advance my career?

E) Should I play politics to advance my career?

With reference to cognitive dissonance, in which of the following situations is the attitude-behavior relationship most likely to be strong? A) The affective component of the attitude is weak. B) The behavior is not affected by the cognitive component of the attitude. C) The attitude does not reflect the person's fundamental values. D) The behavior is affected by external factors and is not entirely under the control of the person. E) The attitude refers to something with which the person has direct experience.

E) The attitude refers to something with which the person has direct experience.

Under which of the following conditions, if true, would the manager's suggestion most likely be accepted? A) The company recently acquired a new client and work volumes are expected to increase. B) The company halted its hiring plans for the year in order to focus on developing talent in-house. C) The company allows employees to exchange their unused leave for cash at the end of every year. D) The company promotes work-life balance, by offering employees flexible working arrangements. E) The company has a "use it or lose it" policy whereby unused leave lapses at the end of every year.

E) The company has a "use it or lose it" policy whereby unused leave lapses at the end of every year.

Which of the following, if true, would weaken the argument of adopting job rotation? A) The employees of the company have similar skill sets which are suited to transfer of learning. B) The company has been conducting professional training programs to keep all employees up-to-date with the developments in the field. C) AmWeb, one of the major rival firms, witnessed a substantial rise in profits following its cross-training program for employees. D) The research evidence favoring job rotation has rarely used samples from the service industry. E) The company is now entering its busiest business season with multiple project deadlines.

E) The company is now entering its busiest business season with multiple project deadlines.

Which of the following statements represents the cognitive component of attitude? A) I have decided to inform my supervisor that I will be quitting my job. B) I intend to work during the weekend to meet the month's deadline. C) I feel upset about having to work during Christmas. D) It is disappointing to know that I did not get a good evaluation. E) This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills.

E) This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills.

Katherine Connor started her day with a cup of coffee while reading the newspaper. However, something about the day makes her feel low. When she reaches the office, she feels upset and distracted from work although she cannot pinpoint a reason for feeling this way. She continues to feel upset and distracted through the rest of the day. Which of the following is she most likely to be experiencing? A) a response B) a reaction C) a counteraction D) an attitude E) a mood

E) a mood

A high Mach would be most productive in which of the following positions? A) a manager who leads team members in different geographic locations B) an executive who has to follow stringent rules while closing a sale C) a legal liaison who works from home and coordinates with people through the phone D) a freelance researcher whose work is free from interpersonal communication E) a sales person whose major part of the salary consists of sales commission

E) a sales person whose major part of the salary consists of sales commission

Ben Ervin often experiences emotions in a much stronger manner than most of his other colleagues. Events that do not provoke any significant emotional response from another person send him into fits of happiness, anger, or depression. In view of such a situation, Ervin is displaying a high level of ________. A) intelligence quotient B) sentience quotient C) intellectual giftedness D) butterfly effect E) affect intensity

E) affect intensity

Recent studies show ________. A) the line between work and non-work is becoming less blurred B) most employees are achieving a better work-life balance C) money and recognition define career success above all else D) the majority of men and women rank autonomy as the number one indicator of career success E) attaining a balance between personal life and work is a primary career goal

E) attaining a balance between personal life and work is a primary career goal

Which of the following is an example of an outcome at an individual level? A) structure B) culture C) politics D) power E) attitude

E) attitude

The physical ability that allows a body to maintain equilibrium despite opposing forces is known as ________. A) stamina B) extent flexibility C) static strength D) body coordination E) balance

E) balance

Representative participation is characterized by ________. A) joint decision making by employees and management B) democratic leadership behaviors C) open and honest two-way communication D) a significant positive impact on employee morale and performance E) compliance with the legal need to redistribute power within organizations

E) compliance with the legal need to redistribute power within organizations

Raymond Mayer is conducting a study on discrimination against campaign activists based on gender. In his study, he noted that male executives who visited Indonesian villages to promote the use of renewable energy received a highly positive response. In contrast, women who visited the same villages received an antagonistic response. However, Mayer stated that his findings only applied to villages. In this study, the presence of a village is considered a ________ variable. A) global B) general C) dependent D) non-reactive E) contingency

E) contingency

Irene Jones, a project manager at a water conservation foundation, is holding a team meeting to discuss the different modes of spreading awareness about the issue of water conservation to the public. A team member, John Sullivan, states that using broadcasting media is the best way to reach out to the public. On the other hand, Pamela Riley states that print media is the right medium to spread word about the issue. Jones is now weighing the pros and cons of both her team members' suggestions before choosing the medium which will be most appropriate for the water conservation project. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability is Jones most likely to be using to make her decision? A) number aptitude B) spatial visualization C) memory D) lateral masking E) deductive reasoning

E) deductive reasoning

Negative affect is a mood dimension consisting of ________ at the low end. A) nervousness B) relaxation C) anxiety D) stress E) depression

E) depression

Rashid is dissatisfied at work. He feels he is paid too little and asked to do too much. To compensate for his perceived unjust pay, he regularly takes work supplies, such as computer ink cartridges, staplers, and reams of paper, home for personal use. Rashid's behavior is an example of ________. A) employee OCB B) customer satisfaction C) high productivity D) turnover rate E) deviant behavior

E) deviant behavior

Surface acting deals only with ________ emotions. A) negative B) weak C) cognitive D) strong E) displayed

E) displayed

According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to transmit information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization. A) entrepreneur B) resource allocator C) spokesperson D) leader E) disseminator

E) disseminator

With reference to the attribution theory, which of the following terms indicates the extent to which an individual displays different behaviors in different situations? A) flexibility B) integrity C) consensus D) consistency E) distinctiveness

E) distinctiveness

Which of the following terms best describes an intense feeling directed at someone or something? A) perception B) cognition C) mood D) reasoning E) emotion

E) emotion

Green Earth, an environmental organization in Oklahoma, recently recruited Phyllis Galvan as a project coordinator. Galvan's manager has noticed that ever since she has joined, she has been extremely positive about her work and takes up challenges without complaining. In addition, she maintains a positive ambience by helping out colleagues and smiling at everyone she interacts with. Her behavior has had a positive effect on her colleagues, who have started behaving in a similar manner. Which of the following concepts is demonstrated in this example? A) emotional dissonance B) Ben Franklin effect C) unit bias D) anchoring effect E) emotional contagion

E) emotional contagion

Core-plus plans consist of ________. A) predesigned packages of benefits that an employee must accept as a whole B) monetary benefits which are linked to one's performance appraisals C) fractions of a company's profit margins determined on the basis of an established formula D) pretax dollars up to the dollar amount offered in the plan that an employee sets apart to pay for particular benefits E) essential benefits and a menu-like selection of other benefits that an employee can choose from

E) essential benefits and a menu-like selection of other benefits that an employee can choose from

The performance variables productivity, absenteeism, and turnover are generally considered a part of the ________ behaviors in the exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework. A) voice and neglect B) neglect and loyalty C) voice and exit D) loyalty and voice E) exit and neglect

E) exit and neglect

The external competitiveness of an organization's pay relative to elsewhere in the industry is measured by its ________. A) external benefit B) external rotation C) external costs D) external equity E) external liability

E) external liability

Individualized rewards that allow each employee to choose the compensation package that best satisfies his or her current needs and situation are called ________. A) variable pay programs B) standardized benefits packages C) employee recognition programs D) employee involvement programs E) flexible benefits plans

E) flexible benefits plans

Which of the following variable pay programs is free from dependence on company profits? A) profit sharing B) job sharing C) bonuses D) employee stock ownership plans E) gainsharing

E) gainsharing

Jane Hastings recently joined her first job as a communication executive and is working on creating press releases for an upcoming campaign. The campaign is getting launched publicly in the next week and Hastings will need to interact with the media and give sound bites on the issue. This is the first time she will be interacting with the press and she is experiencing emotions of anxiousness, nervousness, and stress. Which of the following mood dimensions is she experiencing? A) low positive affect B) neutral affect C) low negative affect D) high positive affect E) high negative affect

E) high negative affect

According to Herzberg, when ________ are adequate, people won't be dissatisfied, but they will also not be satisfied. A) achievement needs B) affiliation needs C) motivational factors D) power needs E) hygiene factors

E) hygiene factors

Gerard Yoder believes that every time he picks up his daughter, Penny, from school, it brings him good luck. The last time he picked her up from school, he won a lottery ticket. Today, after he received her from school, he reached his office and found out that he has been promoted. Which of the following concepts best describes Yoder's belief? A) affect intensity B) bandwagon effect C) illusory superiority D) positive bias E) illusory correlation

E) illusory correlation

Which of the following does cognitive dissonance indicate between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes? A) congruity B) tenacity C) solidarity D) consistency E) incompatibility

E) incompatibility

Which of the following is true of intuitive decision making? A) It is a slow process of decision making. B) It is devoid of emotions. C) It is the most rational way of making decision. D) It occurs within conscious thought. E) It involves making decisions based on distilled experience.

E) it involves making decisions based on distilled experience

Which of the following alternative work arrangements enables the organization to draw on the talents of more than one individual in a given job? A) telecommuting B) flextime C) gainsharing D) profit sharing E) job sharing

E) job sharing

Which of the following is a result of globalization? A) organizations being bound by national borders B) lower production of goods in developing nations C) highly homogeneous workforce D) shared social value among all cultures E) jobs moving to nations with low-cost labor

E) jobs moving to nations with low-cost labor

Johanna Reid, a campaign manager at a child rights organization, recently started working on an illiteracy project. During the project, she needs to motivate team members to attain their project milestones and direct them through different phases of the project. Which of the following kinds of functions will these tasks be covered under? A) planning B) organizing C) scrutinizing D) evaluating E) leading

E) leading

For management, the major downside of telecommuting is ________. A) decreased productivity B) increased turnover C) reduced morale D) difficulty in scheduling work E) less direct supervision of employees

E) less direct supervision of employees

According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, which of the following is a kind of interpersonal role? A) monitor B) disseminator C) spokesperson D) entrepreneur E) liaison

E) liaison

Rachel Hartley is a former top management graduate student who now works as a project manager at a retail firm. However, in spite of her strong educational background, she often finds it difficult to manage her team efficiently. She is not able to understand her team's emotions when they feel frustrated with a work challenge or when they need appreciation for a job well done. Which of the following does Hartley suffer from? A) downing effect B) low emotional dissonance C) depressive realism D) low cognitive dissonance E) low emotional intelligence

E) low emotional intelligence

According to the Big Five Model, a person who scores ________ is easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable. A) low on emotional stability B) low on openness to experience C) high on agreeableness D) high on extraversion E) low on conscientiousness

E) low on conscientiousness

Which of the following is the major challenge for managers in a fully networked organization? A) eliminating the need for paper communication by relying entirely on e-mail, file transfers, and the like B) retaining team members who can easily move to another employer when demand for their services changes C) managing contract and temporary workers D) maintaining a "virtual office" through the use of computers, interoffice networks, and the Internet E) managing people who work together but are geographically separated

E) managing people who work together but are geographically separated

A satisfied workforce does not guarantee successful organizational performance. In order to improve organizational effectiveness, managers ________. A) must use 360-degrees appraisal procedures B) must provide classroom training C) must make jobs easier and targets achievable D) must offer periodic salary increments E) must try to improve employee attitudes

E) must try to improve employee attitudes

Steve Werner is unhappy with his job and takes every possible vacation and sick day to avoid going to work. In addition, whenever he goes to work, he shows up late and skips important meetings. Werner is expressing his dissatisfaction through the ________ response. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) acceptance E) neglect

E) neglect

Which of the following mood dimensions is a pure marker of high negative affect? A) depression B) relaxation C) fatigue D) boredom E) nervousness

E) nervousness

Christopher Richardson works as a graphic designer in Sydney. He often coordinates with colleagues working in Germany. In addition, he interacts with clients across the globe. Which of the following is most likely to facilitate his communications with clients and colleagues? A) ergonomic cubicle B) lateral thinking C) sensemaking D) systems thinking E) networked organization

E) networked organization

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ________ type are flexible and spontaneous. A) thinking B) judging C) introverted D) sensing E) perceiving

E) perceiving

Esther Lugo has gone for an interview at an advertising firm in Manhattan and has been asked to complete a self-report survey to help interviewers understand if she is the right candidate for the job. From the interview, they have found that she is extroverted, empathic, scrupulous, and cooperative in nature, which are key characteristics needed for the job. These characteristics about Lugo indicate her ________. A) talent B) skill C) knowledge D) genealogy E) personality

E) personality

The management at Climate Action Development needs to recruit campaign managers for its Renewable Energy Project. They are looking for candidates who are assertive, extroverted, and who can tackle challenges head-on. Which of the following deep-level characteristics should they focus on to best help them recruit the right candidate for the job? A) race B) age C) ethnicity D) values E) personality

E) personality

A research group in Arizona recently conducted a survey among workers of a coal power plant to understand emotions and their happiness quotient. Employees at the plant often complained about poor working conditions and low insurance benefits. However, the group was surprised with the findings of the survey because employees had a positive mood 70 percent of the time during work hours. Which of the following concepts would best explain such findings? A) butterfly effect B) framing effect C) anchoring bias D) distinction bias E) positivity offset

E) positivity offset

Which of the following is most likely to be experienced during a positivity offset? A) nervousness B) depression C) stress D) anxiety E) relaxation

E) relaxation

Jane Allen, a campaign manager at a non-profit organization, often takes full credit for project successes even when her team members' contributions play a big role in achieving milestones. However, when projects receive setbacks, she blames her team members and sometimes states that the situation was beyond her control. Allen's behavior is an example of ________ bias. A) impact B) anchoring C) confirmation D) distinction E) self-serving

E) self-serving

Which of the following series of dimensions of the job characteristics model (JCM) combine to create meaningful work? A) autonomy, task identity, and feedback B) skill variety, autonomy, and task significance C) skill variety, autonomy, and feedback D) feedback, task identity, and task significance E) skill variety, task identity, and task significance

E) skill variety, task identity, and task significance

A manager believes that he should not hire older workers because they can't learn new skills. This belief is an example of ________. A) an anchoring bias B) a fundamental attribution error C) a confirmation bias D) a self-serving bias E) stereotyping

E) stereotyping

An example of an input at an organizational level is ________. A) motivation B) conflict C) power D) communication E) structure

E) structure

According to goal-setting theory, goals are more likely to have a stronger impact on performance when ________. A) goals have long time frames for completion B) tasks are complex rather than simple C) tasks are novel rather than well learned D) goals are easy rather than difficult E) tasks are independent rather than interdependent

E) tasks are independent rather than interdependent

The bookselling industry was revolutionized by ________. A) Mintzberg's Theory of Management B) evidence-based management C) Luthan's findings on management behavior D) intuition E) the availability of Big Data

E) the availability of Big Data

With reference to the job characteristics model, which of the following defines skill variety? A) the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work B) the degree to which work activities generate direct and clear information about performance C) the degree to which a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling and procedure D) the degree to which a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people E) the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities tapping different abilities

E) the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities tapping different abilities

The ________ theory is also called motivation-hygiene theory. A) hierarchy of needs B) goal-setting C) self-determination D) cognitive evaluation E) two-factor

E) two-factor

A difference in ________ would indicate deep-level diversity. A) gender B) age C) ethnicity D) disability E) values

E) values

Which of the following ways of increasing self-efficacy is generally used by motivational speakers? A) arousal B) enactive mastery C) focused training D) vicarious modeling E) verbal persuasion

E) verbal persuasion

Johanna Godfrey works as a guest relations executive at a five star deluxe hotel in Washington. During the course of her job, she needs to greet and smile at guests irrespective of her state of mind. In addition, when any guest faces problems, she needs to be calm and composed and help resolve issues. This shows that Johanna's job requires ________.

EMOTIONAL LABOR

The findings of a recent company survey at Rader Industries showed that employees are experiencing high levels of work stress. To offset this, a manager suggests instituting a leave policy whereby employees must go on a mandatory vacation for seven days in the year. The manager's suggestion is based on which of the following assumptions?

Employees' workload can be adjusted to accommodate their requests to go on leave.

A person's tendency to believe he or she can predict the outcome of random events is known as the self-serving bias.

FALSE

T/F : A degree in architecture will provide a student with the human skills required for a job.

FALSE

T/F : Entomology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.

FALSE

T/F : Human beings are simple in nature and, thus, simple, universal principles explain all kinds of organizational behavior.

FALSE

T/F : In the current competitive workplace, technical skills are the only skills that managers require to be successful.

FALSE

T/F : Managers at global companies have realized that economic values are generally transferable across national boundaries.

FALSE

T/F : Organizational behavior cannot offer reasonably accurate explanations of human behavior or make valid predictions.

FALSE

T/F : Psychology contributes to the study of organizational behavior at the macro level whereas anthropology contributes at the micro level.

FALSE

T/F : The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace is called cohesive behavior.

FALSE

T/F : While sociology focuses on the individual, psychology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture.

FALSE

T/F : Workforce diversity refers to how organizations are becoming more homogeneous in terms of gender, race, and ethnicity.

FALSE

T/F: Studying facial expressions is a good way to identify basic emotions.

FALSE

emotions are emotions that people actually experience, despite what they might display.

FELT

T/F: "Exit" is a passive and constructive response to dissatisfaction.

False

T/F: "Neglect" is an active and constructive response to dissatisfaction.

False

T/F: A person suffering from alcoholism is not classified as disabled according to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, as alcoholism is self-induced.

False

T/F: According to Herzberg, the opposite of "satisfaction" is "dissatisfaction."

False

T/F: According to Maslow, lower-order needs are satisfied internally while higher-order needs are satisfied externally.

False

T/F: According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, employers are under no obligation to make accommodations for individuals with physical or mental disabilities.

False

T/F: According to the two-factor theory, adequate hygiene factors provide job satisfaction.

False

T/F: Actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions is part of the loyalty response to dissatisfaction.

False

T/F: Activities that are formal or sedentary are more strongly associated with increases in positive mood than activities that are physical, informal, or epicurean.

False

T/F: Asking employees how they feel about key elements in a job and then adding the results to create an overall job satisfaction score is the single global rating approach to job satisfaction.

False

T/F: Attitudes that our memories can easily access are less likely to predict our behavior.

False

T/F: Creating a satisfied workforce guarantees successful organizational performance.

False

T/F: Deep acting is hiding inner feelings and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules.

False

T/F: Demographics mostly reflect deep-level rather than surface-level diversity.

False

T/F: Depressed people are more likely than others to use heuristics, or rules of thumb, to help make good decisions quickly.

False

T/F: Displayed emotions are innate and cannot be learned.

False

T/F: Diversity management refers to being unbiased by overlooking the differences between individuals in an organization.

False

T/F: Emotions tend to last for several days, for a much longer time period than moods.

False

T/F: Federal law in the United States prohibits discrimination against employees based on sexual orientation.

False

T/F: Goal-setting theory strongly advocates participation in decision making, whereas MBO demonstrates that managers' assigned goals are usually just as effective.

False

T/F: Goal-setting theory takes a behavioristic approach, whereas reinforcement theory takes a cognitive approach.

False

T/F: If there is an inconsistency between an individual's attitude on a specific issue and his/her behavior, there are only two courses of action available—alter the attitude or alter the behavior.

False

T/F: Individuals low in self-efficacy respond to negative feedback with increased effort and motivation.

False

T/F: Individuals will be more motivated to reduce dissonance when they believe the dissonance is due to something they cannot control.

False

T/F: Job involvement measures the degree to which people identify psychologically with the organization's mission and vision.

False

T/F: McClelland's theory of needs proposes that the factors that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction.

False

T/F: Memory is not a component of intelligence and is considered as a separate faculty.

False

T/F: Moods are more intense than emotions and invariably arise because of a specific event acting as a stimulus.

False

T/F: Moods are usually accompanied by distinct facial expressions.

False

T/F: Negative affect is a mood dimension consisting of nervousness, stress, and anxiety at the high end and relaxation, tranquility, and poise at the low end.

False

T/F: Nervousness is a pure marker of low negative affect.

False

T/F: Older people are more likely to quit and change jobs than younger employees.

False

T/F: Perceptual speed is the ability to imagine how an object would look if its position in space were changed.

False

T/F: Positivity offset may be defined as the tendency of most individuals to experience a negative mood when nothing in particular is going on.

False

T/F: Recent U.S. legislation has instituted mandatory retirement at 70 in order to ensure that jobs are available for younger workers.

False

T/F: Religious discrimination claims have been a shrinking source of discrimination claims in the United States.

False

T/F: Studies show that satisfaction tends to continually increase among nonprofessionals as they age, whereas it falls among professionals during middle age and then rises again in the later years.

False

T/F: Studying facial expressions is a good way to identify basic emotions.

False

T/F: Surface acting deals with felt emotions rather than displayed emotions.

False

T/F: Surface acting refers to trying to modify one's true inner feelings based on display rules.

False

T/F: Targeting recruiting messages to specific demographic groups underrepresented in the workforce is an example of unfair discrimination.

False

T/F: The U.S. Bureau of the Census does not allow for classification of individuals by race.

False

T/F: The cognitive component of an attitude describes an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something.

False

T/F: The intent to act in a certain way is the affective component of an attitude.

False

T/F: The less complex a job in terms of information-processing demands, the more general intelligence and verbal abilities are necessary to perform successfully.

False

T/F: The lower your self-efficacy, the more confidence you have in your ability to succeed.

False

T/F: The single global rating approach to measuring job satisfaction is more sophisticated than the summation of job facets approach.

False

T/F: There has been a significant decrease in the female participation in the workforce over the past 40 years.

False

T/F: There is a strong correlation between intelligence and job satisfaction.

False

T/F: To effectively control the undesirable consequences of job dissatisfaction, employers should try to control the different responses to dissatisfaction.

False

T/F: Two colleagues who bond over similarities of growing up in a French-speaking locality can be said to have deep-level similarities rather than surface-level similarities.

False

T/F: Under Theory Y, managers believe that employees inherently dislike work and must therefore be directed or even coerced into performing it.

False

T/F: Underpayment and overpayment, according to equity theory, tend to produce similar reactions to correct the inequities.

False

T/F: Unfair discrimination involves noticing and being aware of individual characteristics among people in a group.

False

T/F: Workers around the world prefer rewards based on seniority over rewards based on performance and skills.

False

To enhance the amount of autonomy employees enjoy, a company must provide its employees with tasks combined into natural work units.

False

John Hardley recently joined as marketing director of H2O, a water sports gear company. Though in the last five years the company has had a drastic dip in sales, ever since Hardley has joined he has turned the figures around. In addition to revamping the look of the brand, he has initiated several marketing campaigns through broadcast media to increase customer base for the company. Over the past six months, Hardley has managed to get the company to an all-time high peak of sales. Which of the following statements best describes Hardley?

Hardley has a proactive personality.Jonah is currently trying to decide whether or not to allow Kate to be part of a delegation that will represent their company at an international business expo. Apart from allowing the company to market its business to potential clients, the expo will give the members of the delegation a chance to meet and network with various industry professionals and gain valuable industry insights.

Which of the following statements is true regarding emotional intelligence (EI)?

It comprises a person's ability to detect others' and one's own feelings.

When Ariana Winter is told that her dog has been killed by a car, she feels deeply saddened. Her feelings are then overcome by a surge of anger at the car driver. However, minutes later, she is able to laugh and talk about the good memories spent with her pet. What is one of the reasons that Winter's reaction can be categorized as an emotion?

It lasted for a brief time period.

Emotions such as relaxation, serenity, and calmness comprise the ________ mood dimension.

LOW

Emotions such as relaxation, serenity, and calmness comprise the ________ mood dimension.

LOW NEGATIVE EFFECT

is a personality assessment consisting of 100 questions where respondents are classified as extraverted or introverted, sensing or intuitive, thinking or feeling, and judging or perceiving.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

is the degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being.

Perceived organizational support

Which of the following is true about personality assessments used in organizations?

Personality assessments have been increasingly used in diverse organizational settings.

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ________ type are practical and prefer routine and order and focus on details.

SENSING

Dennis Galvan works as a campaigner at Green Earth, an environmental organization. Every month, his organization arranges a team outing where they play disc golf, soccer, and participate in relays and other team-building activities. The human resource department ensures that there are regular interactions between employees through team dinners and cultural events. According to the information given in this case, which of the following is most likely to be the reason for Galvan's high level of satisfaction toward his job?

SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

Megan graduated from college three years ago and has been working at Sterba Inc. ever since. A conscientious employee, she has consistently received good performance evaluations. She recently found out that a younger colleague, who was just recruited to her team, is drawing a higher salary than she is for doing the same type of work. Based on the equity theory, which of the following, if true, would strengthen the argument that Megan is trying to gain a sense of equity by distorting her perception of herself?

She believes that she is less capable than her colleague.

According to the Rokeach Value Survey, ________ values refer to desirable end-states.

TERMINAL

An individual's value system is obtained by ranking the person's values in terms of their intensity.

TRUE

Attribution theory tries to explain the ways in which we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we attribute to a given behavior.

TRUE

Job satisfaction leads to employee's organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).

TRUE

Racial diversity also has an effect: if diversity is low, the minority will engage in emotion regulation, perhaps to "fit in" with the majority race as much as possible; if diversity is high and many different races are represented, the majority race will employ emotion regulation, perhaps to integrate themselves with the whole group.

TRUE

T/F : A way for managers to respond to the problem of unethical behavior is to provide in-house advisors who can be contacted anonymously.

TRUE

T/F : An organization is a consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more people.

TRUE

T/F : Evidence that an organization is able to exist and grow over the long term is called organizational survival.

TRUE

T/F : Evidence-based management complements systematic study by basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence.

TRUE

T/F : Group functioning refers to the quantity and quality of a group's work output.

TRUE

T/F : One major study area of social psychology is change, how to implement it, and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance.

TRUE

T/F : Organizational behavior applies the knowledge gained about individuals, groups, and the effect of structure on behavior in order to make organizations work more effectively.

TRUE

T/F : Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals.

TRUE

T/F : The job of a guest relations executive at a hotel is a kind of service job.

TRUE

T/F : The planning function involves defining an organization's goals and establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals.

TRUE

T/F: Since 1950, the percentage of females in the U.S. workforce has risen from approximately 30 percent to 47 percent.

TRUE

T/F: The term affect intensity refers to the individual differences in the strength with which individuals experience their emotions.

TRUE

Which of the following is true about telecommuting in regard to different cultures?

Telecommuting is viewed differently in different cultures.

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding people with proactive personalities?

They are more likely than others to be seen as leaders.

Which of the following is true about narcissists?

They are more likely to emerge as leaders.

Which of the following is true regarding values?

They have content and intensity attributes.

T/F : Attitudes are favorable or unfavorable evaluative statements about objects, people, or events.

True

T/F: "Voice" is an active and constructive response to dissatisfaction.

True

T/F: A diversity program effective in improving representation in management is a strategy to measure the representation of minorities in managerial positions.

True

T/F: A method of enhancing workforce diversity is to target recruiting messages to specific demographic groups who are underrepresented in the workforce.

True

T/F: According to Festinger, people seek consistency between their attitudes and their behaviors.

True

T/F: According to Maslow, a need that is substantially satisfied no longer motivates.

True

T/F: According to McClelland's theory of needs, when jobs have a high degree of personal responsibility and feedback and an intermediate degree of risk, high achievers are strongly motivated.

True

T/F: According to goal-setting theory, a specific goal will produce a higher level of output than a generalized goal.

True

T/F: According to the affective events theory, work events trigger positive or negative emotional reactions among employees and these reactions influence their job performance and satisfaction.

True

T/F: An individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work he or she does is known as employee engagement.

True

T/F: As we get older, we experience fewer negative emotions.

True

T/F: Cognitive dissonance explains the linkage between attitudes and behavior.

True

T/F: Denying overseas assignments to certain deserving employees over others is a form of exclusion, a kind of workplace discrimination.

True

T/F: Differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, and disability, give rise to surface-level diversity.

True

T/F: Discrepancies between attitudes and behavior tend to occur when social pressures to behave in certain ways hold exceptional power, as in most organizations.

True

T/F: Disengaged employees have a tendency to invest time but not energy or attention into their work.

True

T/F: Effective diversity management involves eliminating unfair discrimination.

True

T/F: Emotions can turn into moods when one loses focus on the event or object that started the feeling.

True

T/F: Employees' beliefs in the degree to which they influence their work environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their jobs, and their perceived autonomy is known as psychological empowerment.

True

T/F: Hispanics can be of any race.

True

T/F: Improving recruiting practices and making selection systems more transparent are ways of preventing target groups from being underutilized.

True

T/F: In general, older employees have lower rates of avoidable absence than do younger employees. However, they have equal rates of unavoidable absence, such as sickness absences.

True

T/F: Inductive reasoning is the ability to identify a logical sequence in a problem and then solve the problem.

True

T/F: Interpersonal justice refers to an individual's perception of the degree to which he or she is treated with dignity, concern, and respect.

True

T/F: Job satisfaction describes a positive feeling about a job, resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.

True

T/F: Motivation is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.

True

T/F: No individual can completely avoid dissonance.

True

T/F: Over the past 50 years, the earnings gap between whites and other racial and ethnic groups has decreased significantly.

True

T/F: People in good moods tend to be more creative than people in bad moods.

True

T/F: People who have a stressful day at work also have trouble relaxing after they get off work.

True

T/F: People who pursue goals for intrinsic reasons are more likely to attain their goals and are happy even if they do not.

True

T/F: Physical abilities may be defined as the capacity to do tasks that demand stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics.

True

T/F: Poor or reduced sleep impairs decision making and makes it difficult to control emotions.

True

T/F: Procedural justice refers to the perceived fairness of the method used to determine the distribution of rewards.

True

T/F: Rewards can offset dissonance.

True

T/F: Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.

True

T/F: Self-generated feedback is a more powerful motivator than externally generated feedback.

True

T/F: The ability of people to detect and to manage emotional cues and information is known as emotional intelligence.

True

T/F: The affective component of attitude is the emotional, or feeling, segment of an attitude.

True

T/F: The attitude-behavior relationship is likely to be much stronger if an attitude refers to something with which we have direct personal experience.

True

T/F: The expression of emotions in speeches can be a critical element that makes people accept or reject a leader's message.

True

T/F: The relationship between pay and job satisfaction virtually disappears when one earns a pay package sufficient for or more than the comfortable living amount.

True

T/F: The structures and measures of intellectual abilities generalize across cultures.

True

T/F: The term affect intensity refers to the individual differences in the strength with which individuals experience their emotions.

True

T/F: The three components of an attitude are cognition, affect, and behavior.

True

T/F: Women being passed over for promotion even when they are performing better than men is an example of a discriminatory practice.

True

Individuals who report unethical practices by their employer to outsiders are known as ________.

WHISTLE BLOWER

Based on equity theory, employees who perceive inequity will make any of the following choices except ________.

be content with the referent

Johanna Springer, who works as a sales executive at Pascal's Bank, is upset at the way her manager, Emma Womack, always calls her in for one-on-one meetings to discuss her underperformance. Though Springer makes a higher number of sales calls and works longer hours than last year, her sales figures are still low. She knows that the main reason behind her underperformance is the recent economic meltdown in the country. However, her manager feels that Springer's underperformance is the result of her laid-back attitude and has nothing to do with external factors. In this situation, Womack's behavior is characterized by a(n) ________. A) anchoring bias B) contrast effect C) fundamental attribution error D) self-fulfilling prophecy E) pygmalion effect

c) fundamental attribution error

practice of modifying one's true inner feelings based on display rules is known as ________.

deep acting

Which of the following dimensions of the Big Five model indicates a person's ability to withstand stress?

emotional stability

Which of the following is an example of hanging inputs in regard to equity theory?

exerting less effort if underpaid

Ellen Athers works as a communication executive at a travel house. She is known to be friendly with her colleagues and interacts with them regularly to build strong work relationships. She knows that her rapport with her co-workers is a crucial part of her work and invests time in these relationships. In addition, she is assertive in making decisions, and colleagues take her decisions seriously. Which of the following types is Athers most likely to be characterized as according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?

extraverted

Almost all major corporations in the United States offer flexible benefit plans.

f

A flexible benefits package is designed for a male with a wife and two children at home

false

A focus on utilitarianism creates an environment that hinders productivity and efficiency. 1

false

A profit-sharing plan works by tying rewards to productivity gains as the only criterion.

false

Job enrichment improves employees' skills by periodically shifting an employee from one task to another with similar skill requirements at the same organizational level.

false

John Dunker is one of the best firefighters in his squad, and he recently received an award for his outstanding performance. From this information, it may be concluded that John's job has low task significance.

false

Men make better decisions than women.

false

Most research supports Maslow's hierarchy of needs, especially when applied to diverse cultures.

false

On an organizational level, job design and by the extrinsic rewards of pay and benefits are the only ways to motivate employees.

false

Participative management is characterized by the symbolic representation of employees in work councils and board meetings.

false

People with positive core self-evaluations feel that they are powerless over their environment.

false

Profit-sharing plans distribute compensation based subjectively on management's discretion

false

T/F: Industries like health care and education tend to use few older workers.

false

Task identity is defined as the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities so the worker can use a number of different skills and talent.

false

The major advantage of flextime is that it can be used for all categories of jobs.

false

The rational decision-making model takes into consideration the fact that all information pertaining to a problem might not be available to the decision maker.

false

When the profits of Emm Corp rose steadily over two quarters three years back, the employees of the company were given the offer of purchasing the company's shares at subsidized rates. Many of the employees who bought the shares have become extremely rich after the phenomenal growth Emm Corp has had in the following years. This is an example of a bonus.

false

he job characteristics model describes any job in terms of five core job dimensions, and these five dimensions are skill variety, task significance, recognition, reward, and feedback.

false

The tendency to believe falsely, after an outcome of an event is actually known, that one would have accurately predicted that outcome is known as ________ bias. `

hinsight

Phyllis Stintson needs to decide whether to start a campaign against deforestation in Indonesia. Though her research team has provided substantial information on the high feasibility of the project, Stintson does not go ahead with the project. If Stintson made her decision by drawing unconscious references from several different experiences in the past, her decision is most likely influenced by which of the following?

intuition

Christina Hutchins was recently recruited by a publishing firm in Manhattan. During her first month on the job, she demonstrated positive core self-evaluations. Which of the following did she most likely do? `

mentioned that she was confident about her basic competence

co-worker or another observer does an independent assessment of personality, with or without the subject's knowledge.

observer-ratings surveys

According to the Big Five model, the ________ dimension addresses a range of interests and fascination with novelty.

openness to experience

The equity theory's hypothesis has served as an important precursor to the study of ________.

organizational justice

The church you go to every Sunday is made up of people who have very different lifestyles and are at different stages in their life. Joanna is a 23-year-old single parent who works for minimum wage and shifts from motel to motel for accommodation. Josephine is a single, 45-year-old woman who earns a decent salary and has few interests and friends outside her office. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, has a loving family, and enjoys his work. You have decided to apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs to determine what motivates each of these individuals. Which of the following needs would most likely motivate Joanna?

physiological

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the judging type ________.

prefer their world to be ordered

One way to possibly make jobs more ________ would be to connect employees with the beneficiaries of their work or service that they provide.

prosocially motivating

Which of the following is the highest level need in Maslow's theory?

self-actualization

The Pygmalion effect is based on the concept of ________.

self-fulfilling prophecy

Employee involvement and participation (EIP) management is a method of management where ________.

subordinates share a significant degree of decision-making power with their immediate superiors representatives of workers form work councils and these councils must be consulted when management makes decisions about employees low-level workers are responsible for making corporate policy decisions

A drawback of self-report surveys is the level of accuracy.

true

A flextime arrangement requires all employees to be at their jobs during the common core period.

true

A pure piece-rate plan provides no base salary and pays the employee only for what he or she produces.

true

A variable-pay program bases a portion of an employee's pay on some individual and/or organizational measure of performance.

true

Employee recognition programs are highly susceptible to political manipulation by management.

true

Feedback is the degree to which carrying out work activities generates direct and clear information about one's own performance.

true

Flexible spending plans allow employees to set aside pretax dollars up to the dollar amount offered in the plan to pay for particular benefits, such as healthcare and dental premiums.

true

Internal equity refers to the worth of the job to the organization.

true

Jobs with high autonomy give workers a feeling of personal responsibility for the results.

true

Personality assessments have been increasingly used in diverse organizational settings.

true

The Royal Bank of Canada story highlights several issues of interest to those seeking to understand organizational behavior, including motivation, ethics, emotions, personality, and culture.

true

The term virtual office describes working from home on a relatively permanent basis.

true

We have thousands of attitudes, but OB focuses on a very limited number that form positive or negative evaluations employees hold about their work environments.

true

When it comes to motivating employees, financial incentives may be more motivating in the short term, but in the long run it's nonfinancial incentives.

true

The two-factor theory has been well supported in research and is very much in use in research in Asia.

true?

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, introverted-intuitive-thinking-judging type of people are ________.

visionaries

________ are groups of nominated or elected employees who must be consulted when management makes decisions about employees.

work council