Milady Chapter Thirteen Review Questions (Basics of Electricity)

8. What is the purpose of a circuit breaker?

A circuit breaker is a switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of an overload.

1. Define electric current.

An electric current is the flow of electrucity along a conductor.

16. Name two important precautions to observe when using light therapy.

Light therapy should not be preformed on anyone who has light sensitivities (photosensitivities), phototoxic reactions, is taking antibiotics, has cancer or epilepsy, is pregnant, or is under a physician's care. If you are not sure weather you should treat certain clients, refer them to their physician.

2. Explain the difference between a conductor and a nonconductor (insulator).

•A conductor is any material that conducts electricity. •A nonconductor, also known as insulator, is a material that does not transmit electricity.

4. Explain the difference between a volt and an amp.

•A volt, abbreviated V and also known as voltage, is the unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor. •An amp, abbreviated A and also known as an ampere, is the unit that measures the strength of an electric current.

6. Define watt and kilowatt.

•A watt, abbreviated W, is a unit that measures how much electric energy is being used in one second. A 40-watt light bulb uses 40 watts of energy per second. •A kilowatt, abbreviated kw, is 1,000 watts. The electricity in your house is measured in kilowatts per hour (kwh). A 1,000-watt (1-kilowatt) hair dryer uses 1,000 watts of energy per second.

3. Describe the two types of electric current and give examples of each.

•Direct current, abbreviated DC, is a constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only and is produced by chemical means. Flashlights, mobile telephones, and cordless hairstyling tools use the direct current produced by batteries. •Alternating current, abbreviated AC, is a rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction, it is produced by mechanical means and changes directions 60 times per second. Corded hair dryers, curing irons, electric files, and table lamps that plug into a wall outlet use alternating current.

11. List and describe the two main electric modalities (currents) used in cosmetology.

•Galvanic current is a constant and direct current, having a positive and negative pole, that produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body. •Microcurrent is an extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electrical impulses.

7. Explain the function of a fuse.

A fuse prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit.

5. Define ohm.

An ohm, abbreviated O, is a unit that measures the resistance of an electric current. Current will not flow through a conductor unless the force (volts) is stronger than the resistance (ohm).

9. What is the purpose of grounding?

Grounding completes an electric circuit and carries the current safely away.

14. What are the benefits of LED therapies?

The LED works by releasing light onto the skin to stimulate specific responses at precise depths of the skin tissue.

10. List at least five steps to take for electrical safety.

•All the electrical appliances you use should be UL certified. •Read all instructions carefully before using any piece of electrical equipment. •Inspect all electrical equipment regularly. •Keep all wires, plus, and electrical equipment in good repair. •Do not step on or place objects on electrical cords. •Do not allow electrical cords to become twisted; this can cause a short circuit.

15. Identify the colors of LED lights and their wavelengths (nm).

•Blue light 570 nm; reduces acne and reduces bacteria. •Red light 640 nm; increases circulation, improves collagen and elastin production, stimulates wound healing. •Yellow light 590 nm; reduces swelling and inflammation, improves lymphatic flow, detoxifies and increases circulation. •Green light 525 nm; reduces hyperpigmentatiom, reduces redness, calms and soothes.

13. List and describe the two main types of light therapy.

•LASER is an acronym for light amplification stimulation emission of radiation; it is a medical device that uses electromagnetic radiation for hair removal and skin treatments. •A light-emitting diode, abbreviated LED, is a medical device used to reduce acne, increase blood circulation, and improve the collagen content in the skin.

12. What are electromagnetic radiation, visible light, and invisible light?

•The electromagnetic spectrum, also known as electromagnetic spectrum of radiation, is the name given to all of the forms of energy (or radiation) that exist. •The visible spectrum of light is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen. •Invisible light is the light at either end of the visible spectrum of light that is invisible to the naked eye.