Minerals and Rocks (2)

Classifying rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic is based upon differences in their

Origin

Rocks that would most likely be SEPARATED by a zone of METAMORPHIC rock are

Granite and limestone

Magnesium, iron, and aluminum

A group of elements is listed in increasing order based on the percent by mass in Earth's crust

Some of the oldest rocks in NY are Precambrian marbles. The predominant minerals that make up these rocks are white or pink in color and bubble when exposed to hydrochloric acid. What are the minerals that make up these marbles?

Calcite

Acid rain reacting with limestone bedrock is an example of

Chemical Weathering

Which PROPERTY of minerals is illustrated by an internal arrangement of atoms such as the peeling of biotite mica into thin flat sheets?

Cleavage

If you observe a wide variety of samples of quartz, which property is likely to change the most, from sample to sample, because of minor impurities?

Color

What PROCESSES can change SEDIMENTS INTO SEDIMENTARY ROCKS?

Compaction and cementation

HEAT and PRESSURE due to MAGMA INTRUSIONS may result in

Contact metamorphism

What causes MOLTEN ROCK material to become GLASSY igneous rock?

Cooling on earth's surface

Dolostone and rock gypsum are formed by the processes of

Erosion and deposition of clastic fragments

What is the NAME of the IGNEOUS rock that has crystallized deep below Earth's surface and has the following composition: 70 percent pyroxene, 15 percent plagioclase feldspar, and 15 percent olivine?

Gabbro (ERST)

Which rock is usually composed of SEVERAL different minerals?

Gneiss

Which property is MOST USEFUL in mineral identification?

Hardness

The minerals of many METAMORPHIC rocks are aligned in bands as a result of

Heat and pressure

What is ONE difference between the metamorphic rocks QUARTZITE and HORNFELS?

Hornfels is produced by contact metamorphism; quartzite is produced by regional metamorphism

In what part of New York State would you most likely find large amounts of bedrock formed by REGIONAL METAMORPHISM?

Hudson Highlands and Adirondack Mountains

Garnet is the state mineral of New York. A variety of garnet called almandine is found in the gneisses of the Gore Mountain region of New York State. How did this mineral form?

It formed when heat and pressure changed existing materials

How does the RATE of COOLING affect the SIZE of mineral crystals?

Large, well-formed minerals are the result of a slow rate of cooling

What rock is commonly composed of the REMAINS of ANIMAL SHELLS?

Limestone

What type (or types) of rock is (are) usually HEATED as part of its (their) formation?

Metamorphic and igneous rocks

A rock made of the SHELLS of MARINE ORGANISMS should be classified as

Organic sedimentary rock

The difference between REGIONAL METAMORPHISM and CONTACT METAMORPHISM is

Regional metamorphism has a larger amount of space than contact metamorphism

What kinds of IGNEOUS ROCKS have the SAME mineral composition?

Rhyolite and granite

What SEDIMENTARY rock would be formed from PARTICLES 2 to 4 centimeters in diameter cemented by a FINE-GRAINED MATRIX?

Sandstone (ERST)

What kind of METAMORPHIC ROCK usually contains abundant MICA CRYSTALS and a FOLIATED TEXTURE?

Schist

What SEDIMENTARY rocks are CLASTIC and consist of particles that have diameters smaller than 0.006 centimeters?

Siltstone and shale

A YELLOW mineral is found near the mouth of a hot spring. IT has a ROTTEN EGG SMELL and a CLEAR STREAK. It also shows FRACTURE. What is the mineral?

Sulfur

What characteristic would indicate that a rock was formed from sediments deposited in shallow water near shore rather than in deep water?

a large grain size

Generally, as the percentage of of fells minerals in a rock increases, the rock's color will become

darker and the density will decrease

Compared with basalt, granite is

darker in color

The BIGGEST DIFFERENCE between a sedimentary rock and metamorphic rock is

environment of formation

The longer time that it takes a rock to solidify, the

larger the crystals will be

Only a small number of Earth's minerals are commonly found in rocks. This fact indicates that most

rocks have a number of minerals in common