MIS CH. 9

device driver

a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device

driver

a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device

client operating systems

desktop operating systems that work in conjunction with a server operating system

Google Drive

drive that provides access to email, contacts, calendar, photos, files, and more

service pack

free downloadable updates provided by software makers for users who have registered and/or activated their software

touch user interface

graphical user interface designed for touch input

thrashing

occurs when an operating system spends much of its time paging, instead of executing application software

boot disk

removable media, such as a CD or USB flash drive, that contains only the necessary operating system files required to start the computer

mobile operating system

the operating system on mobile devices and many consumer electronics

platform

the operating system that a computer uses

network administrator

the person overseeing network operations

natural user interface (NUI)

user interface with which users interact with the software through ordinary, intuitive behavior

memory resident

remaining in memory while the computer of mobile device is running

Wallet

App provides a centralized location for coupons, credit cards, loyalty cards, and memberships in a single, easily accessible location

Boot Camp

Apple program that enables you to install Windows on an Apple computer

Dock

Apple screen area that contains icons used to run applications, display minimized windows, and access documents

scrollers

Apple screen element that you drag to display more window content

Launchpad

Apple screen that you use to view, organize, and run apps

Safari

Apple's browser

iCloud

Apple's cloud server

Chrome OS

Google's Linux-based operating system designed to work primarily with web apps

Google Play

Google's app store that provides access to apps, songs, books, and movies

Internet Explorer

Microsoft's browser

Sky Drive

Microsoft's cloud software

firmware

ROM chips are flash memory chips that store permanent instructions, such as a computer or mobile device's start-up instructions

Recycle Bin

Windows location for files that have been deleted

ribbon

Windows screen element that consists of tabs, group, and commands that provide access to tasks

status bar

Windows screen element that presents information about documents, presents information about documents, progress of certain tasks, status of certain commands and keys, and controls for viewing documents

scroll bars

Windows screen element that you can drag to display different portions of a document

Start screen

Windows screen that contains tiles you can tap or click to run apps

Charms bar

Windows toolbar that includes buttons that display menus for managing files, apps, and program settings

Firefox OS

a Linux-based open source operating system that runs on smartphones and tablets developed by Mozilla

recovery media

a boot disk that is required to restart a computer or device that will not start from its boot drive

Windows Phone

a proprietary mobile operating system that runs on some smartphones

Chromebox

a specialized desktop that runs Chrome OS

Chromebook

a specialized laptop that runs Chrome OS

Uninstaller

a tool that removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system files

user name

a unique combination of characters, such as letters of the alphabet and/or numbers, that identifies a specific user

The Open Group

an industry standards organization that owns UNIX as a trademark

Android

an open source, Linux-based mobile operating system designed by Google for smartphones and tablets

multitasking

an operating system that 383 allows two or more programs or apps to reside in memory at the same time

swap file

area of the hard disk used for virtual memory

Search

attempts to locate a file on your computer or mobile device based on specified criteria

Screen Saver

causes a display's screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no keyboard or mouse activity occurs for a specified time

Passbook

iOS app that provides a centralized location for coupons, boarding passes, loyalty cards, and mobile payment accounts in a single, easily accessible location

Siri

iOS voice recognition app that enables you to speak instructions or questions to which it takes actions or responds with speech input

Live CD

media that can be used to start the computer

multipurpose operating systems

operating system that can function as both desktop and server operating systems

multiuser

operating system that enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously

embedded operating system

operating system used by an embedded computer

real-time operating system (RTOS)

operating system used by an embedded system

device-independent

operating systems that run on computers and mobile devices provided by a variety of manufacturers

File Manager

performs functions related to displaying files; organizing files in folders; and copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting files

virtual machine

program that enables a computer to run another operating system in addition to the one installed

Disk Defragmenter

reorganizes the files and unused space on a computer's hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs and apps run faster

Disk Cleanup

searches for an removes unnecessary files

partition

section of memory reserved for a specific program or application

buffer

segment in memory or storage in which items are placed while waiting to be transferred from an input device or to an output device

tiles

shortcuts to apps or other content that appear on the Windows Start screen

File Compression

shrinks the size of a file

Windows Phone Store

store that provides access to additional apps and software updates

iTunes Store

store that provides access to music, books, podcasts, ringtones, and movies

paging

technique of swapping items between memory and storage

Plug and Play

technology that gives the computer the capability to recognize peripheral devices as you install them

backward compatible

term use to refer to a device's capability of supporting older devices, as well as newer devices

page

the amount of data and program instructions that can swap at a given time

upward compatible

the application may or may not run on new versions of the operating system

boot drive

the drive from which your personal computer starts

virtualization

the practice of sharing or pooling computer resources, such as servers and storage devices

encryption

the process of converting data that is readable by humans into encoded characters to prevent unauthorized access

warm boot

the process of restarting a computer or mobile device while it remains powdered on

graphical user interface (GUI)

user interface with which you interact with menus and visual images by touching, pointing, tapping, or clicking buttons and other objects to issue commands

queue

where documents waiting to be printed line up in the buffer

Macintosh operating system (MAC OS)

Apple's operating system

iOS

Apple, is a propriety Apple's mobile operating system specifically made for Apple's mobile devices

desktop operating system

a complete operating system that works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets

stand-alone operating system

a complete operating system that works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets

UNIX

a multitasking operating system developed n the early 1970s by scientists at Bell Laboratories

server operating system

a multiuser operating system that organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network

desktop

a personal computer designed to be in a stationary location, where all of its components fit on or under a desk or table

Linux

a popular, multi-tasking UNIX-based operating system that runs on a variety of personal computers, servers, and devices

virtual memory

a portion of a storage medium, usually the hard disk, that the operating system allocates to function as additional RAM

password

a private combination of characters associated with the use name that allows access to certain computer resources

device-dependent

a program is one that runs only on a specific type or make of computer or mobile device

performance monitor

a program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices

Blackberry operating system

a proprietary mobile operating system that runs on Blackberry smartphones and Blackberry tablets

operating system (OS)

a set of programs that coordinates all the activities among computer or mobile device hardware

administrator account

an account that network administrators have that enables them to access all files and programs, install programs, and specify settings that affect all users on a computer, mobile device, or network; they can create user accounts and enable those accounts to access certain resources

cross-platform application

an application that runs the same on multiple operating systems

hibernate mode

computer power option that saves any open documents and running programs or apps to an internal hard drive before removing power from the computer or device

sleep mode

computer power option that saves any open documents and running programs or apps to memory, turns off all unneeded functions, and then places the computer in a low-power state

user interface (UI)

controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen

Backup and Restore

copes selected files or the contents of an entire storage medium to another storage location

Image Viewer

displays, copies, and prints the contents of a graphics tile

bug

error in a program

automatic update

feature that regularly provides new features or corrections to the program

PC Maintenance

identifies and fixes operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability of improving a computer's performance

nonresident

instructions that remain on a storage medium until they are needed, at which time they transfer into memory (RAM)

cold boot

machine is powered off when the machine is restarted; tougher on a computer than a warm boot

Live USB

media that can be used to start the computer

print spooler

program that intercepts documents to be printed from the operating system and and places them in the queue

foreground

program with which the user currently is interacting

background

programs that are running, but not in use

permissions

settings used to define who can access certain resources ad when they can access those resources

open source software

software provided for use, modification, and redistribution and has no restrictions from the copyright holder regarding modification of the software's internal instructions and its redistribution

proprietary software

software that is privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computer or device model

kernel

the core of an operating system that manages memory and devices, maintains the internal clock, runs programs, and assigns the resources, such as devices, programs, data, apps, and information

MAC OS X

the latest version of Apple's operating system

spooling

the process of sending documents to be printed to a buffer instead of sending them immediately to the printer

booting

the process of starting or restarting a computer or mobile device

command language

the set of commands used to control actions in a command-line interface

sign in

to access resources on a network or computer

command-line interface

user interface in which users type command represented by short keywords or abbreviations or presses special keys on the keyboard to enter data and instructions