MIS Chapter 11

Uses machines to make solid objects, layer by layer, from specifications in a digital files. Also known as additive manufacturing

3-D printing

Which of the knowledge management systems IS activities involves knowledge​ discovery?

Acquire

Modeling complex phenomena as systems of autonomous agents that follow relatively simple rules for interaction

Agent-based modeling

Which of the knowledge management systems IS activities involves enterprise applications?

Apply

The effort to develop computer-based systems that can behave like humans, with the ability to learn languages, accomplish physical tasks, use a perceptual apparatus, and emulate human expertise and decision making

Artificial intelligence

A technology for enhancing visualization. Provides a live direct or indirect view of a physical real-world environment whose elements are augmented by virtual computer-generated imagery

Augmented reality

Allows scientists the ability to create graphical renditions of DNA

Augmented reality

A strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that acts like a problem solver by beginning with a hypothesis and seeking out more information until the hypothesis is either proved or disproved

Backward chaining

Allows for the automated creation of designs using advanced graphic software

CAD

Artificial intelligence technology that represents knowledge as a database of cases and solutions

Case-based reasoning

Software agent designed to simulate a conversation with one or more human users via textual or auditory methods

Chatbots

Informal social networks of professionals and employees within and outside the firm who have similar work-related activities and interests and share their knowledge

Communities of practice

Information system that automates the creation and revision of designs using sophisticated graphic software

Computer-aided design

Streams of raw facts representing events occurring in organizations or the physical environment before they have been organized and arranged into a form that people can understand and use

Data

Classify, store, and distribute digital objects such as photographs, graphic images, video, and audio content

Digital asset management systems

Which of the knowledge management systems IS activities involves Internet portals?

Disseminate

Help organizations manage structured and semi-structured knowledge, providing corporate repositories of documents, reports, and presentations, and best practices and capabilities for collecting and organizing email and graphic objects

Enterprise content management

General-purpose, firmwide systems that collect, store, distribute, and apply digital content and knowledge

Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems

Knowledge-intensive computer program that captures the expertise of a human in limited domains of knowledge

Expert system

Knowledge that has been documented

Explicit knowledge

A strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with the information entered by the user and searches the rule base to arrive at a conclusion

Forward chaining

Rule-based AI that tolerates imprecision by using nonspecific terms called membership functions to solve problems

Fuzzy logic

Problem-solving methods that promote the evolution of solutions to specified problems using the model of living organisms adapting to their environment; works by representing information as a string of 0s and 1s

Genetic algorithms

Integration of multiple AI technologies into a single application of the best features of these technologies

Hybrid AI systems

Software program that uses a built-in or learned knowledge base to carry out specific, repetitive, and predictable tasks for an individual user, business process, or software application

Intelligent agent

A major type of KM which provides tools for discovering patterns and applying knowledge to discrete decisions.

Intelligent technique

Technologies that aid human decision makers by capturing individual and collective knowledge, discovering patterns and behaviors in large quantities of data, and generating solutions to problems that are too large and complex for human beings to solve on their own; data mining, expert systems, neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, intelligent agents

Intelligent techniques

The strategy used to search through the rule base in an expert system; can be forward or backward chaining

Interference engine

Model of human knowledge that is used by expert systems

Knowledge base

Identification of novel and valuable patterns in large databases

Knowledge discovery

Represents an​ organization's business processes to​ create, store,​ transfer, and apply knowledge.

Knowledge management

The set of processes developed in an organization to create, gather, store, maintain, and disseminate the firm's knowledge

Knowledge management

Information systems that aid knowledge workers in the creation and integration of new knowledge into the organization

Knowledge work systems

Create new products or find ways of improving existing ones; include researchers, designers, architects, scientists, and engineers who primarily create knowledge and information for the organization

Knowledge workers

Tools for the management, delivery, tracking, and assessment of various types of employee learning

Learning management system

​________ are used by both organizations and universities to​ manage, deliver, and assess learning and training content.

Learning management systems

Study of how computer programs can improve their performance without explicit programming

Machine learning

Online course made available via the web to very large numbers of participants

Massive Open Online Course

Hardware or software that attempts to emulate the processing patterns of the biological brain; uses rules it "learns" from patterns in data to construct a hidden layer of logic. The hidden layer then processes inputs, classifying them based on the experience of the model

Neural network

Which of the knowledge management systems IS activities involves content management​ systems?

Store

Knowledge in the form of structured documents and reports; explicit knowledge that exists in formal documents as well as in formal rules that organizations derive by observing experts and their decision-making behaviors

Structured knowledge

Expertise and experience of organizational members that has not been formally documented

Tacit knowledge

The opposite of explicit knowledge in an organization and is difficult to transfer

Tacit knowledge

Method of classifying things according to a predetermined system

Taxonomy

A set of specifications for interactive three-dimensional modeling on the World Wide Web

Virtual Reality Modeling Language

Interactive graphics software and hardware that create computer-generated simulations that provide sensations that emulate real-world activities

Virtual reality systems

A network that learns from identifying patterns in large datasets is called...

a neural network.

An ________________ is a major type of KM that collects, stores, and disseminates digital content and knowledge.

enterprise-wide KMS

​A(n) ________ is a​ decision-making tool that follows a series of​ IF-THEN-ELSE rules.

expert system

The KM algorithms inspired by biology that examine optimal solutions for a given problem based on big data are called

genetic algorithms

To turn data into useful ________________, a firm must expend resources to organize data into categories of understanding.

information

The iPhone voice Siri is a type of...

intelligent agent.

Concepts, experience, and insight that provide a framework for creating, evaluating, and using information

knowledge

A major type of KM which includes specialized workstations that enable​ scientists, engineers, and other knowledge workers to create and discover new knowledge.

knowledge work systems

Neural networks have been used to distinguish between valid and fraudulent credit purchases because they can...

learn from patterns in data.

The study of how computers can potentially improve without human programming is called​ ________.

machine learning

Training is part of a knowledge management systems​ ________.

management and organizational activity

Creation of new standard operating procedures and business processes that reflect organizations' experience

organizational learning

The collective and individual experience of applying knowledge to the solution of problems

wisdom