MIS Chapter 5

Upcycle

reuses or refurbishes ewaste and creates a new product

System Virtualization

the ability to present the resources of a single computer as if it is a collection of separate computers ("virtual machines"), each with its own virtual CPUs, network interfaces, storage, and operating system.

Clean computing

the environmentally responsible use, manufacture, and disposal of technology products and computer equipment -production of environmental waste

Failback

when the primary machine recovers and resumes operations, taking over from the secondary server

Energy Consumption

-The amount of energy consumed by business processes and systems -Huge increase in tech have greatly amplified energy consumption -The energy consumed by a computer is estimated to produce as much as 10% of the amount of carbon dioxide produced by cars

Smart Grid

-delivers electricity using two-way digital technology -it is meant to solve the problem of the world's outdated electrical grid, making it more efficient and reliable by adding the ability to remotely monitor, analyze, and control the transmission of power

Hybrid Cloud

-includes two or more private, public, or community clouds, but each cloud remains separate and is only linked by technology that enables data and application portability -mix of public or private community -Example: private cloud for company and public cloud for customers, suppliers, and partners

Increased Carbon Emissions

-major human-generated greenhouse gases, such as carbon emissions from energy use, are very likely responsible for the increases in climatic temperature over the past half a century

Performance

-measures how quickly a system performs a process or transaction -a key component of scalability -SPEED

Public Cloud

-promotes massive, global, and industrywide applications offered to the general public -customers are never required to provision, manage, upgrade, or replace hardware or software -multi-tenancy, off premise, several organizations -Example: amazon

Community Cloud

-serves a specific community with common business models, security requirements, and compliance considerations -multi-tenancy, off premise, several organizations -Example: private hospital

Private Cloud

-serves only one customer or organization and can be located on the customer's premises or off the customer's premises -single tenancy, on premise, one organization -Example: bank

Increased Energy Consumption

-the amount of energy consumed by business processes and systems huge increases in technology use have greatly amplified energy consumption

Warm Site

A separate facility with computer equipment that requires installation and configuration

Hot Site

A sperate and fully equipped facility where a company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business

Cold Site

A sperate facility that does not have any computer equipment, but is a place where employees can move after a disaster

Emergency

A sudden unexpected event requiring immediate action

Vulnerability

A system weakness (password that is never changed or employee leaving work computer logged in while on lunch) that can be exploited by a threat

Disaster Recovery

Able to recover information or systems in the event of a catastrophic disaster such as a fire or flood

Characteristics of an agile MIS Infrastructure

Accessibility, Availability, Maintainability, Portability, Reliability, Scalability, Usability

Broad Network Access

All devices can access data and applications

Web Accessibility

Allows people with disabilities to use the Web

Cloud Fabric Controller

An individual who monitors and provisions cloud resources

Business Continuity Planning

Better than DRP, details how a company recovers and restores critical business operations and systems after a disaster or extended disruption

Cloud Computing

Business pays only for the services they need, when they need them and where -makes it easier to gain access to the computing power that was once reserved for large corporations -offers new ways to store, access, process, and analyze information and connect people and resources from any location in the world where an Internet connection is available

Carbon Emissions

Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide produced by business processes and systems

Disaster recovery cost curve*

Charts(1) the cost to the organization of the unavailability of information and technology and (2) the cost of the organization of recovering from a disaster over time

Measured Service

Clients can monitor and measure transactions and use of resources

Corporate social responsibility

Companies acknowledged responsibility to society

Incident Record

Contains all the details of an incident

Virtualized Computing

Creates multiple 'virtual' machines on a single computing device (adding windows to my laptop and having a printer that does everything)

Sustainable or green MIS

Describes the production, management, use, and disposal of technology in a way that minimizes damage to the environment

Single-tenancy

Each customer or tenant must purchase and maintain and individual system

Emergency Preparedness

Ensures a company is ready to respond to an emergency in an organized, timely, and effective manner

The components of sustainable MIS infrastructure inclue

Grid Computing, Virtualized Computing, and Cloud Computing

Multi-tenancy

Multi-tenancy in the cloud means that a single instance of a system serves multiple customers -helps to reduce operational costs associated with implementing large systems as the costs are dispersed across many tenants -Customers share pooled computing resources

Technology Failure

Occurs when the ability of a company to operate in impaired because of a hardware, software, or data outage

Sustainable MIS Disposal

Refers to the safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of their life cycle -ensures they don't end up in land-fills

Accessibility

Refers to the varying levels that define what a user can access, view, or perform when operating a system

Increased Economic Waste

Side Effect of Businesses' Expanded Use of Tech

Usability

The degree to which a system is easy to learn and efficient and satisfying to use (how easy the first iPod was to use)

Incident Management

The process responsible for managing how incidents are identifies and corrected

Cloud Fabric

The software that makes possible the benefits of cloud computing, such as multi-tenancy

Unavailable

Time frames when a system is not operating and cannot be used

Availability

Time frames when the system is operational

Incident

Unplanned interruption of a service

Administrator Access

Unrestricted access to the entire system

On Demand Self Service

Users can increase storage and processing power as needed

Fault Tolerance

a general concept that a system has the ability to respond to unexpected failures or system crashes as the backup system immediately and automatically takes over with no loss of service, very expensive and rare to use

Failover

a specific type of fault tolerance that occurs when a redundant storage server offers an exact replica of the real-time data, and if the primary server crashes, the users are automatically directed to the secondary server or backup server

Technology Recovery Strategies

focus on specifically prioritizing the order for restoring hardware, software, and data across the organization that best meets business recovery requirements

Business Impact Analysis

identifies all critical business functions and the effect that a specific disaster may have upon them primarily used to ensure a company has made the right decisions about the order of recovery priorities and strategies

Emergency Notification Service

infrastructure built for notifying people in the event of an emergency

Capacity

maximum throughput a system can deliver, a hard drive represents its size or volume

The Cloud

offers a company higher availability, greater reliability, and improved accessibility—all with affordable high-speed access

Virtualization

one of the easiest and quickest ways to achieve a sustainable MIS infrastructure because it reduces power consumption and requires less equipment that needs to be manufactured, maintained, and later disposed of safely

Grid Computing

-A collection of computers, often geographically dispersed, that are coordinated to solve a common problem -a problem is broken into pieces and distributed to many machines, allowing faster processing than could occur with a single system

Capacity Planning

-Determines future environmental infrastructure requirements to ensure high-quality system performance -If a company with 100 workers merges with another company and suddenly there are 400 people using the system, performance time could suffer

Reliability

-Ensures a system is functioning correctly and providing accurate information -Accuracy -Wiki

Maintainability

-How quickly a system can transform to support environmental changes -Must watch today's business and tomorrow's when designing and building systems -Systems must be flexible (different currencies and languages)

Moore's Law

-Refers to the computer chip performance per dollar doubles every 18 months -observed in 1965 that continued advances in technological innovation made it possible to reduce the size of a computer chip (the brains of a computer, or even a cell phone now) while doubling its capacity every two years

Business Continuity Plan

A plan for how an organization will recover and restore partially or completely interrupted critical functions within a predetermined time after a disaster or extended disruption

Disaster recovery plan*

A detailed process for recovering information or an IT system in the event of a catastrophic disaster such as a fire or flood(natural disasters and rats chewing on cords, which is the most common)

Data Center

A facility used to house management information systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems -consume power and require cooling and floor space while working to support business growth without disrupting normal business operations and the quality of service

Serviceability

How quickly a third-party can change a system to ensure it meets user needs and the terms of any contracts, including agreed levels of reliability, maintainability, or availability

Scalability

How well a system can scale up, or adapt to the increased demands of growth (surplus and shortages)

Sustainable MIS Infrastructure: Supporting the Environment

Identifies the ways a company can grow in terms of computing resources while simultaneously becoming less dependent on hardware and energy consumption (grid computing, cloud computing, virtualization)

Information MIS Infrastructure: Supporting Operations

Identifies where and how important information, such as customer records, is maintained and secured (backup, recovery, disaster recovery, business continuity plan)

Agile MIS Infrastructure: Supporting Change

Includes the hardware, software, and telecommunications that when combined provide the underlying foundation to support the organization's goals (accessibility availability, maintainability, portability, reliability, scalability, and usability)

MIS Infrastructure

Includes the plans for how a firm will build, deploy, use, and share its data, processes, and MIS assets(hardware, software, network, client, server, enterprise)

Side Effects of businesses expansion of technology

Increased Electronic Waste, Energy Consumption, and Carbon Emissions

Software as a Service

Offers applications on a pay-per-use basis (Salesforce.com)

Infrastructure as as Service****

Offers computer hardware and networking equipment on a pay-per-use bias (Amazon EC2)

Platform as a Service

Offers hardware, networking, and applications on a pay-per-use basis (Google Engine)

Backup

Provides an exact copy of a system's information

Sustainable data centers

Reduce carbon emissions, reduce required floor space, and choose geographic locations

eWaste

Refers to discarded, obsolete, or broken electronic devices -one human year is equivalent to seven years of technological advancement -unused equipment stored in attics, basements, and storage facilities never reaches a recycling center

Difference between backup and recovery methods

Speed and cost

Rapid Elasticity

Storage, network bandwidth, and computing capacity can be increased or decreased immediately, allowing for optimal scalability

Solid MIS Infrastructure

Supporting operations, change, and the environment

High Availability

System is continuously operational at all times

Portability

The ability of an application to operate on different devices or software platforms (iPhone, iPad, and iPod increases their target market and revenue)

Recovery

The ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure

Green PC

built using environment-friendly materials and designed to save energy

Storage Virtualization

combines multiple network storage devices so they appear to be a single storage device

Network Virtualization

combines networks by splitting the available bandwidth into independent channels that can be assigned in real time to a specific device

Server Virtualization

combines the physical resources, such as servers, processors, and operating systems, from the applications