MISS final

The classical model of management describes what managers do when they plan, decide things, and control the work of others.

FALSE

User concerns and designer concerns are usually the same at the beginning of the project but may diverge later as the system is built.

FALSE

You can use location analytics to determine how best to route your deliveries of products to retail outlets.

TRUE

Checking store inventory is an example of a(n) ________ decision. A) procedural B) structured C) ad hoc D) unstructured E) semi-structured

B

Genetic algorithms: A) develop solutions to particular problems using inheritance, crossover, and mutation. B) represent knowledge as groups of characteristics. C) do not work for most problems. D) are based on logic. E) seek to emulate a human expert's way of solving problems

A

In content management, once a taxonomy is developed, documents must then be ________ with the proper classification. A) tagged B) inventoried C) tupled D) retrieved E) archived

A

Mintzberg outlined three categories of managerial roles: A) interpersonal, informational, and decisional. B) control, leadership, oversight. C) operational, management, and executive. D) cultural, organizational, and technical. E) middle management, senior management, executive.

A

Specialized systems built for knowledge workers charged with discovering and creating new knowledge for a company are called: A) Knowledge Work Systems (KWS). B) Learning Management Systems (LMS). C) wikis. D) COPs. E) enterprise-wide knowledge management systems.

A

The concept of management ________ describes situations in which managers act on preconceived notions that reject information that does not conform to their prior conceptions. A) filters B) backgrounds C) biases D) inefficiency E) politics

A

To review a project's tasks and their interrelationships, you would use which of the following? A) PERT chart B) Gantt chart C) PERT chart or a Gantt chart D) Scoring model E) Portfolio analysis

A

Which of the following is not true about AI technologies? A) AI programs today have mastered common sense thinking similar to humans. B) AI can recognize human speech with only a 6 percent error rate. C) Speech recognition is used in intelligent personal assistants like Siri and Alexa. D) AI programs can recognize faces. E) AI systems take data from the environment, and produce outputs like other computer programs.

A

Which of the following strategies represents the proper approach to a low risk, high reward project? A) Identify and develop B) Avoid C) Treat as a routine project D) Pursue after all other projects are complete E) Cautiously examine

A

________ are visual tools for presenting performance data in a BI system. A) Dashboards and scorecards B) Parameterized reports C) Reports and the drill-down feature D) Scenarios and models E) Ad hoc report creation

A

The leading methodology for understanding the really important information needed by a firm's executives is called the ________ method. A) digital dashboard B) balanced scorecard C) KPI D) data visualization E) predictive analytics

B

An information system that combines data from internal TPS with information from financial systems and external sources to deliver reports such as profit-loss statements and impact analyses, is an example of: A) DSS. B) ESS. C) CDSS. D) MIS. E) GIS.

B

As discussed in the chapter, which of the following is not one of the immediate consequences of inadequate software project management? A) Cost overruns B) Customer loyalty C) Time slippage D) Technical shortfalls E) Failure to obtain anticipated benefits

B

Deep learning networks: A) rely on humans to help it identify patterns. B) use multiple layers of neural networks to detect patterns in input data. C) rely on experts to tell the system what patterns to expect in the data. D) require labeled data as input. E) require explicit programming by humans to identify patterns in unlabeled data

B

Executive Support Systems (ESS): A) support the structured decision making of senior executives. B) have the ability to drill down into lower levels of detail. C) easily integrate data from different systems. D) are primarily driven by information derived from a company's transaction processing systems. E) enable operational managers to create parameterized reports

B

Formal planning and control tools: A) are used to select projects where many criteria must be considered. B) enable a project manager to properly document and monitor project plans. C) are used to evaluate alternative systems projects. D) link the work of the implementation team with users at all organization levels. E) serve as a road map indicating the direction of systems development.

B

Measures defined by management and used to internally evaluate the success of a firm's financial, business process, customer, and learning and growth are called: A) benchmarks. B) KPIs. C) the balanced scorecard method. D) BPM. E) parameters.

B

The ________ is directly responsible for the individual systems project. A) project management group B) project team C) IS steering committee D) corporate strategic planning committee E) systems planning committee

B

The principal capital budgeting models for evaluating information technology projects are the payback method, the accounting rate of return on investment (ROI), the net present value, and the: A) future present value. B) internal rate of return. C) external rate of return. D) ROPM (real options pricing model). E) present value of future cash flows.

B

Virtually all expert systems deal with problems: A) of policy development. B) that are highly structured. C) of logic and control. D) of high complexity. E) with imprecise rules.

B

When there is no well-understood or agreed-on procedure for making a decision, it is said to be: A) undocumented. B) unstructured. C) documented. D) semi-structured. E) random.

B

Which of the following best describes the central method used in a scoring model? A) Performing an inventory of all of the organization's information systems projects and assets B) Performing a weighted comparison of the criteria used to evaluate a system C) Surveying a large sample of managers on their objectives, decision-making process, and uses and needs for data and information D) Interviewing a small number of top managers to identify their goals and criteria for achieving success E) Calculating the return on investment for each system, and choosing the system with the best return

B

Which of the following statements best describes the business value of improved decision making? A) Improved decision making creates better products. B) Improved decision making results in a large monetary value for the firm as numerous small daily decisions affecting efficiency, production, costs, and more add up to large annual values. C) Improved decision making enables senior executives to more accurately foresee future financial trends. D) Improved decision making strengthens customer and supplier intimacy, which reduces costs. E) Improved decision making creates a better organizational culture.

B

Which of the following statements best describes the effect that project structure has on overall project risk? A) Highly structured projects are more complex, and run a higher risk of programmers and users misunderstanding the ultimate goals. B) Projects with relatively undefined goals are more likely to be subjected to users changing requirements and to run a higher risk of not satisfying project goals. C) Highly structured projects tend to be larger, affecting more organizational units, and run both the risk of out-of-control costs and becoming too difficult to control. D) Less structured projects are more able to be quickly developed, tested, and implemented using cutting-edge RAD and JAD development techniques, and pose less risk of running up unforeseen costs. E) The less structured a project, the greater the freedom of users to define the system

B

Which type of planning tool shows each task as a horizontal bar whose length is proportional to the time required to complete it? A) PERT chart B) Gantt chart C) Both a PERT chart and a Gannt chart D) Scoring model E) Portfolio analysis

B

A road map indicating the direction of systems development, the rationale, the current systems, new developments to consider, the management strategy, the implementation plan, and the budget is called a(n): A) project plan. B) portfolio analysis. C) information systems plan. D) enterprise analysis. E) strategic planning document.

C

According to Mintzberg, managers in their informational role act as: A) figureheads for the organization. B) leaders. C) nerve centers of the organization. D) negotiators. E) liaisons.

C

The cost of a project is based on the time to complete a project multiplied by the cost of computer resources required to complete the project.

FALSE

Decisions regarding managing and monitoring day-to-day business activities are referred to as ________ intelligence. A) business B) analytical C) operational D) transactional E) production

C

Expert systems are expensive and time consuming to maintain because: A) their rule base is so complex. B) they rely on equipment that becomes outdated. C) their rules must be reprogrammed every time there is a change in the environment, which in turn may change the applicable rules. D) only the person who created the system knows exactly how it works, and may not be available when changes are needed. E) it is difficult to program at this level of complexity without introducing software bugs.

C

Machine learning systems: A) use machines to master a body of knowledge. B) rely on expert systems to identify learning objectives. C) find patterns in large data sets. D) simulate the neurons in human brains to find patterns. E) are currently not useful for organizations.

C

Neural networks: A) are composed of an input layer and an output layer. B) rely on rules similar to expert systems. C) use Learning Rules to identify the optimal path through the network. D) use facial recognition algorithms to identify unique facial characteristics. E) function similar to the human brain in recognizing objects.

C

Successful system building requires careful ________ management to minimize organizational resistance. A) cost B) technology C) change D) supply chain E) system application

C

The ________ reviews and approves plans for systems in all divisions. A) project management group B) project team C) information systems steering committee D) corporate strategic planning committee E) board of directors

C

Which of the following best describes the relationship between system implementation and user involvement and management support? A) System implementation rarely benefits from user involvement. B) System implementation benefits from user support, but does not require management support. C) System implementation generally benefits from high levels of user involvement and management support. D) System implementation benefits from management support, but does not require user support. E) System implementation rarely benefits from management support.

C

Which of the following describes a difference between neural networks and genetic algorithms? A) Genetic algorithms are designed to process large amounts of information. B) Genetic algorithms are a type of knowledge discovery, while neural networks are an intelligent technique. C) Genetic algorithms are used to evaluate alternative solutions to problems, whereas neural networks are used to discover patterns in data. D) Genetic algorithms are designed to work with small amounts of data, while neural networks can handle large quantities of data. E) Neural networks are a type of machine learning, whereas genetic algorithms are static programs.

C

Which of the following has a large number of sensing and processing nodes that continuously interact with each other? A) Business intelligence systems B) Expert systems C) Neural networks D) Knowledge management systems E) Genetic algorithm

C

Which of the following is a computer-based system that attempts to emulate how humans think and act? A) Virtual reality systems B) Neural networks C) AI technology D) Genetic algorithms

C

Which of the following is at the top of the management structure for information systems projects in a large company? A) Project team B) Project management group C) Corporate strategic planning group and information systems steering committee D) Information systems managers E) End-user managers

C

Which of the following is not one of the six main analytic functionalities of BI systems for helping decision makers understand information and take action? A) Production reports B) Parameterized reports C) Business case archives D) Forecasts, scenarios, and models E) Drill down

C

Which of the following refers to all organizational activities working toward the adoption, management, and routinization of a new information system? A) Production B) Maintenance C) Implementation D) Acceptance E) Final acceptance

C

Which of the following statements about scoring models is not true? A) There are many qualitative judgments involved in using a scoring model. B) A scoring model is useful for selecting projects where many criteria must be considered. C) The most important outcome of a scoring model is the score. D) A scoring model requires experts who understand the issues and the technology. E) It is appropriate to cycle through a scoring model several times.

C

Which of the following statements best describes the term business intelligence? A) Software developed exclusively for business management B) The tools and techniques used to analyze and understand business data C) The infrastructure for collecting, integrating, and analyzing business data D) Information systems involved in business decision making E) Enterprise systems used to make business decisions

C

You have been hired by a firm in a non-information-intensive industry to evaluate its inventory of systems and IT projects. Which types of projects should the firm focus on? A) High-risk projects B) Low cost, low-benefit projects C) High-benefit, low-risk projects D) Any project that might be beneficial E) Low cost, high benefit projects

C

A drawback to high-velocity, automated decision-making systems is that they are unable to: A) handle high volumes of decisions. B) handle structured decisions. C) handle semi-structured decisions. D) respond to new real-world conditions. E) be applied to situations outside of the financial world.

D

All of the following are intangible assets of a firm except its: A) brand. B) reputation. C) knowledge. D) information technology. E) unique business processes.

D

All of the following are intangible benefits of information systems except: A) improved asset utilization. B) increased organizational learning. C) improved operations. D) cost reduction. E) improved decision making.

D

Apple's Siri application is an example of: A) neural networks. B) augmented reality. C) AI. D) intelligent agents. E) machine learning.

D

As discussed in the chapter text, the three main reasons that investments in information technology do not always produce positive results are: A) management support, technical logistics, and user compliance. B) organization, environment, culture. C) information quality, information integrity, and information accuracy. D) information quality, organizational culture, and management filters. E) organization, culture, and technology.

D

Augmented reality is: A) a system for creating computer-generated simulations that are close to reality. B) a system that uses machine learning to produce new digital images. C) a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. D) a technology for enhancing visualization by overlaying digital data and images onto a physical real-world environment. E) a programming algorithm used to create a virtual world using machine learning.

D

Changing organizational behavior by sensing and responding to new experience and knowledge is called: A) change management. B) knowledge leveraging. C) the knowledge value chain. D) organizational learning. E) knowledge management.

D

Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS): A) are designed to allow meeting attendees to share their thoughts in real-time with their peers. B) support decisions that require knowledge about the geographic distribution of resources. C) are only used with geographically dispersed attendees. D) facilitate the solution of unstructured problems. E) provide tools that allow managers to visualize data

D

The value of systems from a financial perspective essentially revolves around the issue of: A) total cost of ownership. B) adherence to information requirements. C) asset utilization. D) return on invested capital. E) the cost of computing equipment

D

VR systems: A) provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing. B) automate the creation and revision of designs. C) use machines to make solid objects. D) use computer-generated simulations that are so close to reality that users almost believe they are participating in a real-world situation. E) enable acquiring, storing, and disseminating knowledge documents in a virtual world.

D

Which of the following is not important when designing a new system to fit the organization? A) Job design B) Government regulatory compliance C) Health and safety D) Return on investment E) Ergonomics

D

Which of the following project management variables defines what work is or is not included in a project? A) Goals B) Risk C) Quality D) Scope E) Cost

D

Which of the following statements about robotics is not true? A) Robotics involves the creation and use of machines than can substitute for humans. B) Robotics relies on sensors to provide vision and sensory feedback. C) Robotics can be used for surgery, bomb deactivation, and other dangerous environments. D) Robotics does not require programming but instead relies solely on AI. E) Robotics has widespread use in the automobile industry.

D

Which of the following techniques is used for knowledge acquisition? A) Decision support systems B) Transaction processing systems C) CAD D) Data mining E) Content management system

D

________ can improve their performance without explicit programming. A) Neural networks B) Communities of practice C) Genetic algorithms D) Machine learning E) Intelligent techniques

D

A well-designed ESS will allow management to: A) create routine production reports as well as view overall business performance. B) facilitate group decision making. C) create pivot charts. D) analyze big data. E) track the activities of competitors

E

Computer vision systems rely on which of the following intelligent techniques? A) Genetic algorithms B) Expert systems C) Database programs D) Intelligent computer agents E) Pattern recognition

E

If you can follow a definite procedure to make a business decision, you are making a(n) ________ decision. A) ad-hoc B) procedural C) unstructured D) semi-structured E) structured

E

The decision to approve a capital budget is an example of a(n) ________ decision. A) structured B) analytic C) semi-structured D) undocumented E) unstructured

E

The text defines ________ as expertise of organizational members that has not been formally documented. A) wisdom B) information C) data D) experience E) tacit knowledge

E

Which of the following is not one of the main four dimensions of knowledge described in the chapter? A) Knowledge is a firm asset. B) Knowledge has different forms. C) Knowledge has a location. D) Knowledge is situational. E) Knowledge is timeless.

E

Which of the following statements about genetic algorithms is not true? A) Genetic algorithms are based on techniques inspired by evolutionary biology. B) Genetic algorithms are used to solve problems that are very dynamic and complex, involving hundreds or thousands of variables or formulas. C) Genetic algorithms are able to evaluate many solution alternatives quickly to find the best one. D) Genetic algorithms use an iterative process to refine initial solutions so that better ones are more likely to emerge as the best solution. E) Genetic algorithms discover knowledge by using hardware and software that parallel the processing patterns of the biological or human brain.

E

Which of the following statements about the user-designer communications gap is not true? A) It occurs because users and information systems specialists tend to have different backgrounds, interests, and priorities. B) It is one of the major reasons why user requirements are not properly incorporated into information systems. C) It is one of the major reasons why users are driven out of the implementation process. D) When it is pronounced, it creates a very high risk of failure for a systems development project. E) Information systems specialists prefer systems that are oriented toward solving business problems or facilitating organizational tasks.

E

Which of the following would not be covered in the Strategic Business Plan Rationale section of an information systems plan? A) Current situation B) Current business organization C) Firm's strategic plan D) Changing environments E) Current infrastructure capabilities

E

________ knowledge exists in formal documents, as well as in formal rules that organizations derive by observing experts and their decision-making behaviors. A) Unstructured B) Tacit C) Management D) Explicit E) Structured

E

A benefit of using TCO analysis to evaluate an information technology investment is that it is able to incorporate intangible and "soft" factors such as benefits and complexity costs.

FALSE

Expertise is typically stored in structured documents throughout the firm.

FALSE

GDSS requires a dedicated conference room with special hardware and software tools.

FALSE

KPI analysis is the leading methodology for understanding the most important information needed by a firm's executives.

FALSE

Neural networks are not well-suited for diagnostic systems in medicine.

FALSE

Sensitivity analysis predicts outcomes from constant inputs.

FALSE

Structured decision making is most prevalent at senior organizational levels.

FALSE

AI applications are used by search engines and social networks to target ads.

TRUE

Big data is used to analyze consumer preferences for both in-store and online purchases.

TRUE

Data visualization technologies are used to help human users see patterns and relationships in large amounts of data.

TRUE

Ergonomics is the interaction of people and machines in the work environment, including the design of jobs, health issues, and the end-user interface of information systems.

TRUE

Expert systems are one of the tools used for knowledge storage.

TRUE

Expert systems are typically used in business in discrete, highly structured decision-making situations.

TRUE

Expert systems capture the knowledge of skilled employees in the form of a set of rules in a software system that can be used by others in the organization

TRUE

Experts from a variety of fields have found that managers are poor at assessing risk.

TRUE

If an intended benefit of an IT project is improved decision making, managers should develop a set of metrics to quantify the value of an improved decision.

TRUE

Improving hundreds of thousands of routine "small" decisions can add up to a large annual value for a business firm.

TRUE

Knowledge is "sticky" and not easily moved.

TRUE

MIS typically produce fixed, regularly scheduled reports based on data extracted and summarized from the firm's underlying transaction processing systems.

TRUE

Middle management face primarily semistructured decisions.

TRUE

Project management refers to the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to achieve specific targets within specified budget and time constraints.

TRUE

Structured knowledge is explicit knowledge that exists in formal documents and formal rules.

TRUE

The data entry screen is an example of a user interface.

TRUE

The first stage in Simon's decision-making process model is the intelligence stage.

TRUE

The relationship between users and information systems specialists has traditionally been a problem area for information systems implementation efforts.

TRUE

The smaller the systems project, the greater the chance that the project will be completed on time, within budget, and according to project requirements.

TRUE

The yellow first-down markers shown on televised football games are examples of AR.

TRUE