MKT 430

Which of the following firms/products reflects a global marketing orientation? a. A famous restaurant in Singapore that specializes in Oriental food b. A company promoting Latino jazz musicals c. A firm producing highly cost-effective and durable computers to attract middle-class consumers d. A Japanese to English translation software e. A skin-lightening cream aimed at African American women

A firm producing highly cost-effective and durable computers to attract middle-class consumers

The theory that a country should produce what it is the best at in the world and trade it for goods from other countries that it are not as good at producing is called the theory of __________. a. Competitive advantage b. Absolute Advantage c. Comparative Advanatge d. Operational Efficiency

Absolute Advantage

_____ is a nontariff barrier that was specifically designed to prevent foreign producers from using predatory pricing to take control of U.S. markets. a. Blocked currency b. Antidumping law c. Embargo d. Exchange permit e. Quota

Antidumping law

The idea of Manifest Destiny was used to justify the U.S. annexation of _____. a. Carolina b. California c. Ohio d. Pennsylvania e. Virginia

California

Which of the following is a controllable element for an international marketer? a. Geography and infrastructure b. Cultural forces c. Competitive forces d. Level of technology e. Channels of distribution

Channels of distribution

Which of the following may best explain why the Japanese have such strong loyalty toward their companies? a. Zen philosophy b. Bushido philosophy c. Confucian philosophy d. Buddhism e. Taoism

Confucian philosophy

These days, the most consumers are likely to look for "_______" when buying a product. a. human rights in the country of manufacture b. Country of origin c. Country of brand d. Region of assembly

Country of brand

_____ occurs when payments are extracted under duress by someone in authority from a person seeking only what he or she is lawfully entitled to. a. Perjury b. Bribery c. Extortion d. Lubrication e. Subornation

Extortion

Firms that are 100% domestic and do not participate in international business even indirectly are able to escape the effects of events happening outside their home country. True False

False

_____ includes an understanding of how a society's culture and economy are affected as a nation struggles to supply its people's needs within the limits imposed by its physical makeup. a. Demography b. Cartography c. Geography d. Geomatics e. Remote sensing

Geography

Maria Peron's company treats the world, including the home market in Spain, as one market. Market segmentation decisions no longer focus on national borders. Instead, market segments are defined by income levels, usage patterns, and other factors that span countries and regions. Which of the following stages best characterizes the stage of international marketing involvement for Ms. Peron's company? q. Internal marketing b. Infrequent foreign marketing c. No direct foreign marketing d. Test marketing e. Global marketing

Global marketing

According to Edward Hall's comments on culture, which of the following could hurt companies and careers in foreign markets? a. Consideration of the economic system of the new market b. Adherence to the social norms of the foreign market c. Ignorance of cultural differences in the foreign market d. Strict following of the political rules of the foreign society e. Being agents of change in the new market

Ignorance of cultural differences in the foreign market

Which of the following views is consistent with normative U.S. cultural concepts? a. Independent enterprise is an instrument for social action. b. Competition leads to reduction in business efficiency. c. Decision making should always be on an experimental basis. d. Rewards must be based on recommendations and personal ties. e. Strength and power of those in command takes precedence over improvement.

Independent enterprise is an instrument for social action.

Which of the following is an uncontrollable element for an international marketer? a. Channels of distribution b. Research c. Price d. Firm characteristics e. Level of technology

Level of technology

Which of the follwoing is NOT an factor in the external environment?

Management

Which of the following is an area that is considered critical in improving U.S. trade in the context of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act? a. Market access b. Sustainability in trade c. Trade volume d. Quality standards e. Exchange stability

Market access

Which of the following is an area that is considered critical in improving U.S. trade in the context of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act? a. Trade volume b. Sustainability in trade c. Market access d. Exchange stability e. Quality standards

Market access

Manifest Destiny and the _____ were accepted as the basis for U.S. foreign policy during much of the 19th and 20th centuries. a. North American Security Treaty b. Hays Corollary c. Monroe Doctrine d. Roosevelt Corollary e. Grant Mandate

Monroe Doctrine

Ajax Corporation decides to enter the international marketing arena by marketing its products to China, Japan, and South Korea, with separate marketing strategies for each country. Which of the following approaches is most likely used by Ajax Corporation to formulate its international policies and strategies? a. Regional marketing b. Standardized marketing c. Domestic market extension d. Multidomestic market e. Mass marketing

Multidomestic market

Form utility related to which of the following marketing strategies?

Product strategy

_____ is an unconscious reference to one's own cultural values, experiences, and knowledge as a basis for decisions. a. Segregation b. Self-reference criterion c. Holism d. Orientalism e. Xenocentrism

Self-reference criterion

Tall Pine Plywood Company has just received a notice that a shipment of plywood (2 metric tons) has been rejected by the customs administration of the recipient country because the knotholes commonly found on a plywood sheet are too large. Which of the following categories of barriers is being employed by the customs administration? a. Boycotts b. tarriffs c. Licenses d. Quotas e. Standards

Standards

In the context of linguistic distance, which of the following languages is the most distant from English? a. Thai b. German c. French d. Arabic e. Spanish

Thai

What was the outcome for the GATT after the ratification of the Uruguay Round agreements? a. The European Union decided to stay away from the treaty. b. The original purpose was sidelined in favor of political and military intervention between member states. c. The GATT was obsorbed into the World Trade Organization. d. The GATT directly led to the uneven distribution of economic power and potential. e. The GATT allowed the United States to increase its import tax.

The GATT was obsorbed into the World Trade Organization.

_____ and the World Bank Group are two global institutions created primarily to assist nations in becoming and remaining economically viable. a. The International Monetary Fund b. Amnesty International c. The World Court d. The International Red Cross e. The International Federation of Blue Cross

The International Monetary Fund

Which of the following is the most critical difference between domestic marketing and international marketing? a. The environment in which marketing plans must be implemented b. The different concepts of marketing c. The difference in marketing principles being followed d. The basic processes used to market products and services e. The difference in marketing theories being followed

The environment in which marketing plans must be implemented

Which of the following is true with respect to the dynamics of global population trends? a. The demand for goods worldwide and migration patterns are not correlated. b. Changes in the distribution of population among the world's countries may fail to influence demand. c. Economic growth forecasts and assumptions about fertility rates are independent of each other. d. The existence of sheer numbers of people is significant in appraising potential consumer markets. e. The global financial crisis has caused migration from urban to rural areas within countries.

The existence of sheer numbers of people is significant in appraising potential consumer markets

Which of the following is most likely the reason for corporations being the forerunners of innovations in society? a. They require all members to be literate. b. They have access to ideas from around the world. c. They own the media, which is a requisite for foreign trade. d. They all possess religious intolerance, which is a requisite for foreign trade. e. They are not part of social institutions.

They have access to ideas from around the world.

France is higher on Hofstede's Power Distance Index (PDI) than the United States and formality still reigns in France. Which of the following American business practices would be most unacceptable to the French? a. Using first names in business encounters b. Slipping in colloquial French words during business meetings c. Showing enthusiasm at business negotiations d. Trying to emulate the French way of business thinking e. Exhibiting stubbornness while negotiating

Using first names in business encounters

Which of the following is true of adaptation in international marketing? a. Mere acknowledgement and not tolerance of alien cultures is sufficient in international marketing. b. Willingness to adapt is a crucial attitude in international marketing. c. Empathy for foreign cultures may lead to cultural discord. d. Open tolerance is considered to be an unnecessary concession to foreign cultures. e. Adaptation requires business executives to forsake their ways and change to local customs.

Willingness to adapt is a crucial attitude in international marketing.

What are the critical factors necessary to achieve global awareness? [Mark all answers that are correct to receive the full points. Each wrong answer results in a loss of 50% of the points assigned to the question; however, negative overall score for the question is prohibited.] a. strong ethnocentricism b. local languages of the many countries/regions c. Working knowledge (especially of the host countries/regions) d. Cultural tolerance e. Willingness to learn about others different from self

Working knowledge (especially of the host countries/regions) Cultural tolerance Willingness to learn about others different from self

In the context of monetary barriers, blockage is ideally accomplished when: a. a country applies a specific unit or dollar limit to a particular type of good. b. a country refuses to allow an importer to exchange its national currency for the seller's currency. c. two countries enter into a agreement to determine the value of their currencies. d. the government of a country imposes a mandatory tax on goods entering at its borders. e. money dealers determine the rate at which foreign currencies are exchanged.

a country refuses to allow an importer to exchange its national currency for the seller's currency

The process of adjusting to a new culture is known as: a. culture transfer. b. diffusion. c. transference. d. assimilation. e. acculturation.

acculturation.

Understanding one's own culture requires additional study: a. to find out why cultural traits in one's own country does not affect market behavior. b. as much of the cultural influence on market behavior is at the subconscious level. c. because an average manager must have extensive cultural knowledge of all countries in the world. d. without which understanding the cultural traits of one's own country is impossible. e. as cultural influence on one's own market behavior is generally minimal.

as much of the cultural influence on market behavior is at the subconscious level.

Exporting countries primarily agree to voluntary export restraints (VERs) to: a. minimize exposure in the importing country. b. avoid stiffer quotas being set by the importing country. c. reduce market competitiveness. d. avoid criminal prosecution. e. take over local industries of the importing country.

avoid stiffer quotas being set by the importing country.

The system of accounts that records a nation's international financial transactions is most accurately called its: a. net national product systems. b. net domestic product payments. c. balance of payments. d. supply chain management system. e. gross domestic product system.

balance of payments.

According to Lester Thurow, a(n) _____ form of capitalism is practiced in Japan and Germany typified by cooperation among government, management, and labor. a. adversarial b. individualistic c. communitarian d. atypical e. independent

communitarian

The _____ of the balance-of-payments statement is most likely to record all merchandise exports, imports, and services plus unilateral transfers of funds. a. current account b. capital account c. credit account d. receivables account e. reserves account

current account

_____ should always be first and center in all market-place decisions. a. customers b. shareholders c. management d. employees

customers

_____ should always be first and center in all market-place decisions. a. shareholders b. customers c. management d. employees

customers

Wayne works at an overseas branch of his organization. He needs some clarification about a project. He approaches a senior manager hoping to get a good explanation. However, he is instructed to follow protocol and sent away. He is also informed that only the team leads are allowed to approach the senior managers. In this scenario, the organization is most likely to have a _____ score. a. high Uncertainty Avoidance Index b. high Individualism/Collective Index c. low Power Distance Index d. low Individualism/Collective Index e. high Power Distance Index

high Power Distance Index

A culture in which non-verbal communications are more important cues is a _____________ culture. a. high-context b. information-oriented c. occidental d. low -context

high-context

In the context of business ethics, many people in sub-Saharan Africa view Western _____ as a kind of exploitation that prevents treatment of AIDS for millions. a. lower trade tariffs b. medical missionaries c. grants-in-aid d. R-rated movies e. intellectual property laws

intellectual property laws

In the context of the elements of culture, rituals are patterns of behavior and interaction that are: a. the same across all cultures. b. universally accepted as proper behavior. c. enforced by governments. d. scientifically verified for effectiveness. e. learned and repeated.

learned and repeated.

Commercial contracts can be entered into with a Chinese company or individual only if that company or person is considered a ______ by China. a. legal person b. para-legal person c. person non grata d. lawyer

legal person

Of the several types of needs, which is the most difficult to decipher? a. secret needs b. delight needs c. unstated needs d. real needs

secret needs

The United States and other countries require some products (automobiles in particular) to contain a percentage of "local content" to gain admission to their markets. This is an example of the stringent usage of _____ to restrict trade. a. antidumping penalties b. embargoes c. exchange permits d. blocked currencies e. standards

standards

According to the high-context/low-context continuum identified by Edward T. Hall, communication in a low-context culture depends on: a. how it is said. b. the context. c. when it is said. d. who says it. e. the verbal expression.

the verbal expression.

One of the basic elements of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is that: a. member nations are exempt from import tariffs to other member nations. b. the World Court shall review all trade disputes and make final judgments. c. trade in services and investments will be excluded from the purview of the GATT. d. all tariffs shall be abolished among member nations at the time of membership. e. trade shall be conducted on a nondiscriminatory basis.

trade shall be conducted on a nondiscriminatory basis

German engineering products are considered to among the best. This is an example of: a. Consumers' forgiving Germany for its WW-II atrocities. b. country of origin c. stereo-typing d. positive bias for all things from Western Europe.

country of origin

Linguistic distance determines the amount of trade between countries because: a. a neutral language is required to address the differences arising out of linguistic distances. b. the closer the languages the tougher the interactions. c. major languages have syntactical superiority over minor languages that help in brand positioning. d. crossing wider language differences increases transaction costs. e. the more distant a language from the other, the more valuable the brand becomes in the new territory.

crossing wider language differences increases transaction costs.

Most traditional definitions of _____ center around the notion that it is the sum of the values, rituals, symbols, beliefs, and thought processes that are learned, shared by a group of people, and transmitted from generation to generation. a. culture b. population c. economy d. demography e. sensitivity

culture

Most traditional definitions of _____ center around the notion that it is the sum of the values, rituals, symbols, beliefs, and thought processes that are learned, shared by a group of people, and transmitted from generation to generation. a. demography b. sensitivity c. culture d. population e. economy

culture

Business customs to which adaptation is helpful but not necessary are called _____. a. electives b. standardized axioms c. exclusives d. imperatives e. individualistic axioms

electives

Business customs in which an outsider must NOT participate are called _____. a. exclusives b. imperatives c. statutes d. electives e. absolutes

exclusives

In countries where the culture is predominantly 'low-context' the communication between parties is usually _____________ a. explicit b. implicit c. illicit d. synthetic

explicit

The United States' acquisition of the Panama Canal Zone best exemplifies the _____. a. Manifest Destiny b. Gadsden Policy Position c. Roosevelt Corollary d. Hay Manifesto e. Wilson Mandate

Roosevelt Corollary

According to Dutch management professor Geert Hofstede, culture can be referred to as the: a. "defining factor of life." b. "art's triumph over banality." c. "software of the mind." d. "tool of the elite." e. "conflict of civilization versus the masses."

"software of the mind."

Which of the following best illustrates the political and legal issues faced by companies because of their "alien status" when they attempt to do business in foreign countries? a. A company utilizing an identical promotional campaign it used in the domestic country b. A company not succeeding in a foreign market because its product pricing is above the purchasing power of the local customers c. A company being forced by the local government to share its core competencies in order to continue doing business d. A product not being widely accepted in the foreign market because of its irrelevance to the customers e. A company doing moderate business in international markets because of violent history of its home country

A company being forced by the local government to share its core competencies in order to continue doing business

The part of the world with the largest portion of people over 65 years is also the part of the world with the fewest number of people under age 15 years. Which of the following is most likely to be a possible result of this disparity? a. An increased focus on lower birth rates through incentives. b. A larger focus on automation and technology in industries. c. A heavy tax burden on future workers resulting in lower consumption levels and imports. d. An increase in migration to other nations. e. A conscious effort to slow down rapid urbanization and industrialization.

A heavy tax burden on future workers resulting in lower consumption levels and imports.

Which of the following ensures that balance-of-payments records are always in balance? a. Sum of squares recording system b. Bank reconciliation system c. Double-entry bookkeeping system d. Archival records system e. Multifactor recording system

Double-entry bookkeeping system

What is the most profound change for firms at the global marketing stage of internationalization? a. Domestic demand always exceeds the firm's production capacity. b. Companies treat the world, along with home market, as one market. c. Sales to foreign markets are made as and when goods become available. d. Temporary surpluses marketed in foreign markets is the only element of internationalization. e. More than half of the multinational firm's revenue is generated from domestic markets.

Companies treat the world, along with home market, as one market.

Which of the following is an uncontrollable factor for a marketer in a domestic environment? a. Firm characteristics b. Price of the product c. Channels of distribution d. Competitive structure e. Promotional measures

Competitive structure

In the context of international trade and marketing, the above exhibit from page 30 of your textbook illustrates the power of : International sourcing Configuration Coordination US Dollar Apple

Configuration Coordination

DHL, UPS and FedEx are leaders in global logistics. They are knowledgeable and current about the import and export regulations of all countries, have created their global warehouses in in strategic locations such a Singapore, Frankfurt, Bombay, and are able to ensure timely deliver products to customers and clients all over the world wherever they may be while adhering to the laws of the countries of the seller and the buyer. These firms best illustrate the concepts of: a. Coordination b. Configuration c. leveraging comparative advantages of a country d. managing governmental bureaucracies e. taking on political risks

Coordination Configuration leveraging comparative advantages of a country

Which of the following is considered to be the most important deterrent to population control? a. Poor enforcement mechanism b. Government welfare schemes for orphans c. Financial benefits of having large families d. Cultural attitudes that favor large families e. Lack of awareness about population trends

Cultural attitudes that favor large families

_____ refers to a strategy that involves marketing products similar to ones already on the market thereby minimizing resistance. a. Culture equalization b. Cultural congruence c. Guerilla marketing d. Flank attack e. Lateral marketing

Cultural congruence

_____ refers to being attuned to the nuances of culture so that a new culture can be viewed objectively, evaluated, and appreciated. a. Culture transfer b. Cultural apathy c. Cultural sensitivity d. Cultural shock e. Counter culture

Cultural sensitivity

People from which of the following cultures are more likely to have a general distrust of others (not those in their groups) because power is seen to rest with individuals and is coercive rather than legitimate? a. Cultures with a high Individualism/Collective Index score b. Cultures with a low Individualism/Collective Index score c. Cultures with a low Power Distance Index score d. Cultures with a high Power Distance Index score e. Cultures with a high Uncertainty Avoidance Index score

Cultures with a high Power Distance Index score

Which of the following types of nontariff barriers strictly prevents trading with a country? a. Embargoes b. Export subsidies c. Voluntary export restraints d. Import credit discriminations e. Packaging, labeling, or marking standards

Embargoes

Maria Peron's company treats the world, including the home market in Spain, as one market. Market segmentation decisions no longer focus on national borders. Instead, market segments are defined by income levels, usage patterns, and other factors that span countries and regions. Which of the following stages best characterizes the stage of international marketing involvement for Ms. Peron's company? a. Global marketing b. Infrequent foreign marketing c. Test marketing d. Internal marketing e. No direct foreign marketing

Global marketing

Which of the following is true of governments as social institutions? a. Governments influence all aspects of the culture except for consumer behavior. b. Compared with the early and direct influences of family, religion, school, and the media, governments hold relatively more sway. c. Governments influence thinking and behavior through the enforcement of a variety of laws affecting consumption and marketing behaviors. d. Americans increasingly complain about the detrimental effects of the government on American culture. e. Governments are the first social institution a person is exposed to outside his or her home in all cultures.

Governments influence thinking and behavior through the enforcement of a variety of laws affecting consumption and marketing behaviors.

Which of the following forms of business decision making is predominant in most Asian countries? a. Authoritarian decision making b. Group decision making c. Dictatorial decision making d. Contractual decision making e. Independent decision making

Group decision making

Which of the following is the best and most feasible means of solving the problem of language on the Internet? a. Using minimal to no language on websites instead of using graphics and diagrams to convey messages b. Using language translation software to translate communication in all languages c. Training employees to virally communicate in all languages used by foreign customers d. Having country-specific websites so that everyone can communicate in their own language e. Using foreign language blocking software to screen international communications

Having country-specific websites so that everyone can communicate in their own language

Which of the following issues looms large in individualistic cultures? a. Issue of attaining efficiency through reduced transaction cost b. Issue of decision making being highly centralized c. Issue of fairness in opportunity d. Issue of lack of ecological concerns e. Issue of lack of physical appeal of individualistic employees

Issue of fairness in opportunity

Which of the following statements is true of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)? a. It created an agency to serve as watchdog over world trade. b. The United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany were the only signatories of the original GATT. c. The original agreement provided a process to increase the tariffs on trade goods. d. The GATT panels have enforcement powers apart from advisory powers. e. GATT member nations seek to resolve their trade disputes unilaterally.

It created an agency to serve as watchdog over world trade.

Which of the following best defines adaptation on the part of an international marketer? a. It is a conscious effort to make themselves aware of the home cultural reference in their analyses and decision making. b. It is the notion that people in one's own company or country know best how to do things. c. It is the process of identifying the similarities that exists between the domestic and foreign markets. d. It is an unconscious reference to one's own cultural values, experiences, and knowledge as a basis for decisions and then to adjust the marketing mix in order to closely reflect these decisions. e. It is a conscious effort to anticipate the influences of both the foreign and domestic uncontrollable factors on a marketing mix and then to adjust the marketing mix to minimize the effects.

It is a conscious effort to anticipate the influences of both the foreign and domestic uncontrollable factors on a marketing mix and then to adjust the marketing mix to minimize the effects.

Which of the following is true of ethnocentrism? a. American managers have generally been uninfluenced by it, especially in the beginning of the 21st century. b. It enhances the ability of an organization to assess a foreign market in its true light. c. It is a problem that arises when managers from affluent countries work with managers and markets in less affluent countries. d. Self-reference criterion is universally considered the technique to reduce or eliminate ethnocentrism. e. It is the cornerstone of effective adaptation in the field of international marketing.

It is a problem that arises when managers from affluent countries work with managers and markets in less affluent countries.

Which of the following is true of the industrialized world's population? a. It is similar to the population of developing countries. b. It mainly consists of young adults. c. It is in decline and rapidly aging. d. It has remained constant for a long time. e. It is increasing at an unprecedented pace

It is in decline and rapidly aging.

Rick, a customer relations manager with a leading multinational firm, manages various operations and deals with numerous domestic and international clients every day. Despite his hectic schedule, Rick never cuts a meeting short with anyone and frequently postpones subsequent meetings in order to devote ample time to each of his clients. Which of the following countries is Rick most likely to be from? a. Japan b. Switzerland c. The United States d. Germany e. France

Japan

Which of the following will best aid a manager in understanding the way people of different countries think and act? a. A sound financial background b. Knowledge of the foreign country's history c. An understanding of macroeconomics d. Better political connections e. An understanding of foreign investment opportunities

Knowledge of the foreign country's history

In 1464, the French royal mail service was established by _____. a. Childebert I b. Louis XI c. Clovis I d. Childeric I e. Napoleon III

Louis XI

_____ involves a relatively small sum of cash, a gift, or a service that is intended to facilitate or expedite the normal, lawful performance of a duty by an official. a. Ransom b. Extortion c. Lubrication d. Shakedown e. Exaction

Lubrication

_____ involves a relatively small sum of cash, a gift, or a service that is intended to facilitate or expedite the normal, lawful performance of a duty by an official. a. Ransom b. Lubrication c. Exaction d. Shakedown e. Extortion

Lubrication

Which of the following was the most significant move of the 1980s that contributed toward international cooperation among trading nations? a. Signing of the Montreal Protocol b. Negotiation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade c. Creation of the United Nations d. Formation of the United Nations Development Program e. Establishment of the World Trade Organization

Negotiation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

NAFTA is an acronym for North American Free Transport by Air agreement National American Funding for TrAde North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement North American Free Trade Agreement

North American Free Trade Agreement

Which of the following commodities helped Britain erase the tea-caused trade deficit with China during the 1800s? a. Diamonds b. Betel nuts c. Textiles d. Watches e. Opium

Opium

Which of the following political actions is most likely to favor international marketing? a. Paraguay imposing low tariffs and tax rates on manufacturing industries b. The U.S. government placing a trade ban on Libya owing to rampant terrorism c. Placing trade embargo on Cuba owing to widespread political instability in the country d. Tariff hike for imports established by China e. The U.S. government coupling human rights issues with foreign trade policy

Paraguay imposing low tariffs and tax rates on manufacturing industries

Which of the following sources of energy dominates the world's energy usage? a. Hydroelectric power b. Geothermal power c. Petroleum products d. Nuclear power e. Wind energy

Petroleum products

____ is more dominant in high-context cultures, where the completion of a human transaction is emphasized more than holding to schedules. a. Monochronic time b. Exponential time c. Polynomial time d. Polychronic time e. Sequence time

Polychronic time

A culture with a low _____ score is likely to reflect more egalitarian views. a. Uncertainty Avoidance Index b. Power Distance Index c. Distance from English Index d. Individualism/Collectivism Index e. Masculinity/Femininity Index

Power Distance Index

Which of the following is a possible unfavorable outcome of the "alien status" of a company? a. A sharp rise in domestic and international demand b. Prejudiced treatment by the host country's politicians and legal authorities c. Lower trade tariffs in the host country d. An economic situation of the magnitude of the Great Depression e. An inflated balance of trade

Prejudiced treatment by the host country's politicians and legal authorities

In which of the following stages of international marketing involvement do companies primarily focus all their operations and production to service domestic market needs, even though they have a permanent productive capacity devoted to the production of goods to be marketed in foreign markets? a. Regular foreign marketing b. International marketing c. Financial marketing d. Internal marketing e. No direct foreign marketing

Regular foreign marketing

Which were the two major challenges faced by U.S. multinational corporations at the close of the 1960s? a. Growing jingoistic nationalism and a negative population growth rate in major international markets b. Increasing Chinese domination in the manufacturing sector and the falling dollar in global markets c. The decreased demand for U.S. goods in the global market and the growing influence of consumer rights advocacy in the home market d. Resistance to direct investment and increasing competition in export markets e. The creation of the Soviet Union and the higher tariffs on imports

Resistance to direct investment and increasing competition in export markets

Assume that the world consists of of only two countries and two products. US produces, on an average, about 50 bushels of wheat per acre, and 2.5 lbs of strawberries per acre. Russia, on an average, produces about 40 bushels of wheat per acre, and 1.5 lbs of strawberries per acre. Which of the following statements is true? a. US should produce whatever it like given the freedoms guaranteed in the US constitution. b. Us should produce both and sell the surplus to Russia. c. US should produce only strawberries and trade it for wheat from the Russia. d. Russia should produce only strawberries and trade it for wheat from the US.

Russia should produce only strawberries and trade it for wheat from the US.

Which of the following is a way individuals learn culture from social institutions? a. Anarchy b. Socialization c. Netiquette awareness d. Cultural apathy e. Social rebellion

Socialization

Which of the following is a way individuals learn culture from social institutions? a. Anarchy b. Socialization c. Netiquette awareness d. Social rebellion e. Cultural apathy

Socialization

Which of the following treaties was revised to include a total ban on the export of hazardous wastes by developed nations? a. The Basel Convention b. Treaty of Lisbon c. St. Andrews agreement d. The North American Free Trade Agreement e. ASEAN charter

The Basel Convention

Which of the following events in the history of China has made the country wary of foreign influences? a. The Satsuma Rebellion b. The Hong Kong Revolution c. The Opium Wars d. The Nanjing Rebellion e. The Boxer Revolution

The Opium Wars

_____ in India is a social institution that influences the roles and status positions found within Indian society. a. A country club b. A single-person household c. The caste system d. The Taj Mahal e. The Ku Klux Klan

The caste system

Which of the following is true with respect to the dynamics of global population trends? a. The demand for goods worldwide and migration patterns are not correlated. b. The global financial crisis has caused migration from urban to rural areas within countries. c. Economic growth forecasts and assumptions about fertility rates are independent of each other. d. Changes in the distribution of population among the world's countries may fail to influence demand. e. The existence of sheer numbers of people is significant in appraising potential consumer markets.

The existence of sheer numbers of people is significant in appraising potential consumer markets.

Which of the following is true with respect to the dynamics of global population trends? a. The existence of sheer numbers of people is significant in appraising potential consumer markets. b. Economic growth forecasts and assumptions about fertility rates are independent of each other. c. The demand for goods worldwide and migration patterns are not correlated. d. Changes in the distribution of population among the world's countries may fail to influence demand. e. The global financial crisis has caused migration from urban to rural areas within countries.

The existence of sheer numbers of people is significant in appraising potential consumer markets.

Which of the following is a characteristic of cultures with high Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI)? a. They seek absolute truth. b. They are highly tolerant of ambiguity. c. They take a more empirical approach to understanding and knowledge. d. They have a low level of concern with security and rule following. e. They tend to have a low level of anxiety.

They seek absolute truth.

Which of the following characterizes a globally aware manager? a. Discarding one's home culture's standards to adopt the global cultural standards b. Accepting the cultural ways of another individual as his or her own c. Using one's home culture's values alone to market one's products in foreign countries d. Tolerating cultural differences and allowing others to be different and equal e. Controlling any influences that the global cultural standards may have on the marketing process

Tolerating cultural differences and allowing others to be different and equal

Cultures with high _____ scores tend to have a high level of anxiety and stress and a concern with security and rule following. a. Distance from English Index b. Power Distance Index c. Masculinity/Femininity Index d. Uncertainty Avoidance Index e. Individualism/Collectivism Index

Uncertainty Avoidance Index

Based on the metaphor for Richard Nisbett's views involving Confucius's worthy picture, what is his analysis regarding the thought process or perceptual process of Westerners? a. Westerners can provide great details about central figures but see relatively little in the background. b. Westerners prefer larger than life figures to convey messages. c. Westerners are good at observing details but fail to comprehend the central message. d. Westerners can report details about the background and foreground. e. Westerners observe things sequentially, thus fail to comprehend the larger picture.

Westerners can provide great details about central figures but see relatively little in the background

Which of the following institutions emerged as a successor to the GATT following the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations? a. World Trade Organization b. European Services Forum c. World Bank d. International Monetary Fund e. Association of Southeast Asian Nations

World Trade Organization

Mervin is excited about his new home in the Philippines. Though a native of Los Angeles, he has been given the opportunity to learn about a new culture, form new friendships, and capitalize on opportunities that were not available in his previous home or workplace. In this scenario, he is most likely to go through what is known as _____ as he adjusts to living in the Philippines. a. classification b. acculturation c. standardization d. naturalization e. emancipation

acculturation

When marketers first introduced the personal digital assistant (PDA) to the American consumers, they most likely performed the role of _____ because the cultural impact of the product became widespread. a. agents of change b. gatekeepers c. agents of socialization d. conciliators e. arbitrators

agents of change

Academic studies of the causes and consequences of bribery, conducted by Transparency International (TI), indicate corruption is greater in: a. democratic rather than communist nations. b. countries with high individualism. c. countries with low Power Distance Index. d. collectivistic nations. e. high income nations.

collectivistic nations.

On the basis of Hofstede's four dimensions, cultures with high Power Distance Index (PDI) scores tend to: a. be hierarchical. b. value equality. c. be flat in organization. d. cite knowledge as a source of power. e. be secular.

be hierarchical.

Marketing is a _______ science. (All answers may seem right. Choose the best answer.) a. psychiatric b. soft c. social d. behavioral

behavioral

Marketing is a _______ science. (All answers may seem right. Choose the best answer.) soft behavioral social psychiatric

behavioral

The marketing manager for Grand Products wants to export the company's range of beer products to a Gulf country. However, he discovers that there is a complete restriction on the import of any form of liquor into that country. This is an accurate example of a(n) _____. a. boycott b. voluntary export restraint c. orderly market agreement d. monetary barrier

boycott

The notion that _____ is crucial for efficiency, improvement, and regeneration is fundamental to Western management practices. a. competition b. procrastination c. insolvency d. complacency e. liquidation

competition

Often, what consumers say and what they do are _______.

different.

With regard to resistance to change, observations indicate that those innovations most readily accepted are those that: a. are apathetic to the existing cultural beliefs. b. offer some insight into the aesthetics of the existing culture. c. hold the greatest interest within the society and those that are least disruptive. d. propagate faith in a set of beliefs different from the existing beliefs. e. cater to the values of the predominant religion of the society.

hold the greatest interest within the society and those that are least disruptive.

Which of the following is NOT an intellectual property? a. idea b. patent c. copyright d. trade secret

idea

Business customs that must be recognized and accommodated are called _____. a. electives b. constraints c. imperatives d. exclusives d. exceptionals

imperatives

Business customs can be grouped into: a. internals, externals, and consensual customs. b. imperatives, electives, and exclusives. c. unilateral, bilateral, and multilateral. d. national, foreign, and international. e. rigid, flexible, and negotiables.

imperatives, electives, and exclusives.

Business customs can be grouped into: a. rigid, flexible, and negotiables. b. unilateral, bilateral, and multilateral. c. imperatives, electives, and exclusives. d. internals, externals, and consensual customs. e. national, foreign, and international.

imperatives, electives, and exclusives.

The fundamental difference between quotas and import licenses as a means of controlling imports is that: a. import licenses have greater flexibility over quotas. b. for quotas, the exporting country sets the limits, but licenses are issued by the importing country. c. quotas are imposed only on export goods, and import licenses are imposed only on import goods. d. unlike licenses, quotas limit quantities on a case-by-case basis. e. quotas impose specific limitations on trade, and import licenses take care of standards.

import licenses have greater flexibility over quotas.

What type of products are sold in the gray markets? a. products which are gray in color like computers, switchboards, fuseboxes etc. b. products banned in the country c. legal products sold by middlemen not approved by the manufacturer d. Products in excess/surplus inventory

legal products sold by middlemen not approved by the manufacturer

In the context of global population trends, a nation needs a fertility rate of about 2.1 children per woman to be able to: a. discourage immigration. b. maintain its population. c. encourage immigration. d. increase its population. e. reduce its population.

maintain its population.

In the context of global population trends, a nation needs a fertility rate of about 2.1 children per woman to be able to: a. maintain its population. b. increase its population. c. discourage immigration. d. encourage immigration. e. reduce its population.

maintain its population.

Companies in the _____ countries have a strong paternalistic orientation, and assume that individuals will work for one company for the majority of their lives. a. more hierarchical, such as Asian b. low Uncertainty Avoidance Index, , such as US c. more egalitarian, such as Scandinavian d. more individualistic, such as Australian e. more democratic, such as UK

more hierarchical, such as Asian

Companies in the _____ countries have a strong paternalistic orientation, and assume that individuals will work for one company for the majority of their lives. a. more individualistic, such as Australian b. low Uncertainty Avoidance Index, , such as US c. more democratic, such as UK d. more hierarchical, such as Asian e. more egalitarian, such as Scandinavian

more hierarchical, such as Asian

A specific unit or dollar limit applied to a particular type of good is called a(n): a. tarriff b. exchange rate. c. quota. d. trade license. e. predatory price.

quota.

Enculturation is process by which individuals learn the values, beliefs, norms, rituals, and behaviors within cultures they are __________ in. a. born b. work c. raised d. seeking membership

raised

The most effective way to control the influence of ethnocentrism and the SRC is to: a. design products and services in a traditional manner. b. recognize their effects on our behavior. c. learn at least two foreign languages to understand the cultural differences. d. reduce interaction with culturally diverse audience. e. establish beneficial relations with the host country's government.

recognize their effects on our behavior.

A culture that is high context, has collectivism, has a high power distance, and uses polychronic time is _____. a. kinship-oriented b. self-oriented c. relationship-oriented d. information-oriented e. power-oriented

relationship-oriented

A culture that is high context, has collectivism, has a high power distance, and uses polychronic time is _____. a. power-oriented b. kinship-oriented c. self-oriented d. information-oriented e. relationship-oriented

relationship-oriented

Developed by the International Monetary Fund to cope with universally floating exchange rates, _____ represent an average base of value derived from the value of a group of major currencies. a. exchange permits b. floating currencies c. special drawing rights d.gold rates e. dollar parities

special drawing rights

New cola alternatives (Mecca Cola, Muslim Up, Arab Cola, and Cola Turka) sprang up after the military conflicts in the Middle East in 2003. This is an example that shows how: a. Coca-Cola catered to new markets through standardization. b. technology influences marketing practices. c. Coca-Cola played an important role in easing the cultural divide among the warring nations. d. businesses exploit cheap human labor during war times. e. specific events in history can influence consumer behavior.

specific events in history can influence consumer behavior.

The marketing tasks of an international marketer differs from that of a domestic marketer as the: a. structure of distribution is an uncontrollable element for the international marketer. b. international marketer is less concerned about geography and infrastructure than the domestic marketer. c. international marketer has fewer uncontrollable elements to deal than a domestic marketer. d. level of technology and cultural forces are controllable elements for the international marketer. e. competitive structure is one of the controllable factors for an international marketer.

structure of distribution is an uncontrollable element for the international marketer.

Cultures which are low in Uncertainty Avoidance Index are more likely to: a. dogmatically stick to historically tested patterns of behavior. b. accord a high level of importance to rules as a means of avoiding risk. c. take a more empirical approach to understanding and knowledge. d. be distrustful of new ideas or behaviors.

take a more empirical approach to understanding and knowledge