MKTG 372-Chapter 16
Joe's tower fabrication company client would like to know what the probability is of completing the project in 60 days rather than the 58 estimated days. Based on Z values what is the probability that Joes' tower fabrication will be able to meet the request if the variance is 1.25?
1.79
In making a backward pass through a network, activity L has an activity time of 4 and immediately precedes activities M, P, and T. The late start times for activities M, P, and T are 22, 17, and 27, respectively. The late finish times for activities M, P, and T are 29, 27, and 33, respectively. What is the late start time for activity L?
13
Joe's radio tower fabrication company has developed the following milestone project schedule. What is the expected time duration for the project? ACTIVITY PRECEDENCE P M O A Complete design None 4 3 2 B Develop BOM A 2 1 1 C Order Materials B 3 2 1 D Site Selection A 7 4 3 E Receive Materials C 6 3 2 F Obtain permits A, D 4 2 1 G Begin fabrication facility development E, F 6 5 3
14.33
Given this information about an activity: ES = 10, EF = 15, LS = 26, and LF = 31. The amount of slack associated with the activity is ____________________.
16 LS-ES or LF-EF both equal 16
In making a backward pass through a network, activity L has an activity time of 4 and immediately precedes activities M, P, and T. The late start times for activities M, P, and T are 22, 17, and 27, respectively. The late finish times for activities M, P, and T are 29, 27, and 33, respectively. What is the late finish time for activity L?
17
Given this information about an activity: ES = 10, EF = 18, LS = 28, and LF = 36. The amount of slack associated with the activity is ____________________.
18 LS-ES or LF-EF both equal 18
Given this information about an activity: ES = 10, EF = 20, LS = 29, and LF = 39. The amount of slack associated with the activity is ____________________.
19 LS-ES or LF-EF both equal 19
PERT is credited with reducing the duration of the Polaris missile project by _________________.
2 years
In making a forward pass through a network, activities L, M, and P are immediate predecessors for activity T, which has an activity time of 7. The early start times for activities L, M, and P are 22, 17, and 27, respectively. The early finish times for activities L, M, and P are 29, 27, and 33, respectively. What is the early start time for activity T?
33
An activity in a network diagram has an optimistic time estimate of seven days, a most likely time estimate of 11 days, and a pessimistic time estimate of 19 days. Its variance is _________.
4
In making a forward pass through a network, activities L, M, and P are immediate predecessors for activity T, which has an activity time of 7. The early start times for activities L, M, and P are 22, 17, and 27, respectively. The early finish times for activities L, M, and P are 29, 27, and 33, respectively. What is the early finish time for activity T?
40 7+33=40
There are four activities on the critical path, and they have standard deviations of 1, 2, 4, and 2. The standard deviation of the critical path is ______. a) 3
5
An activity in a network diagram has an optimistic time estimate of five days, a most likely time estimate of seven days, and a pessimistic time estimate of 15 days. Its expected time is _________________.
8 days
There are four activities on the critical path, and they have variances of 1, 2, 4, and 2. The variance of the critical path is _______.
9
Two type of network diagramming notation include:
AON and AOA
Which functional group is not concerned with project management outcomes?
Administration
Which of the following is not included in the approach for crashing projects?
Determine which activity requires the most time.
The formula to calculate an activity's probabilistic expected time is
ET = ( P+4*M+O)/6
_____________________ structure the sequencing of activities.
Precedence relationships
Which of the following is not characteristic of adding safety time in the critical chain approach?
Probability and statistics provide no insights into the adding of safety time.
Who is responsible for the success and failure of a project?
Project Manager
Which of the following is not characteristic of the critical chain approach?
The focus is on project milestones.
What can be used to display graphically the scheduled times for activities?
a Gantt chart
What is a unique, one-time event that is intended to achieve an objective in a given time period?
a project
Which of the following represents a way to waste safety time?
a) dependencies between activities b) multitasking c) student syndrome d) waiting until the last minute to do a task e) all of these answer choices are correct
Actions that consume resources and/or time are project ______________________.
activities
In monitoring the progress of a project, it is important to focus on _____________________________.
activities on the critical path
What does AON stand for?
activity-on-node
. With probabilistic time estimates, when we calculate the expected time for an activity, we treat each activity time estimate as a random variable derived from a ______________ probability distribution.
beta
Project managers use network planning techniques to ________________________.
calculate the expected completion time of the project
Which phase in the project life cycle involves identifying the need for the project?
conception
Shortening a project is called ______________ the project.
crashing
Shortening the total time for completing a project by incurring higher costs from shortening activities is ________.
crashing
The longest connected route through the path network is the ______________________.
critical path
A feeding buffer protects a ______ path from delays in a __________.
critical, noncritical path
Which of the following is not a step involved in using network planning techniques?
define deliverables
We use _____________________ time estimates when we can make a reliable estimate.
deterministic
Which phase in the project life cycle involves carrying out the activities that make up the project?
execution
. For projects whose activities have probabilistic time estimates, the probability of completing the project in a specified amount of time is determined by the standard deviation for the critical path only.
false
Accounting uses project management information to provide a time line for the marketing program.
false
Backward scheduling develops the LS and LF times.
false
CPM was originally developed to conceive and plan maintenance projects in chemical plants.
false
If a delay in an activity will delay completion of the whole project, the activity has slack.
false
In critical path scheduling, slack is computed as the difference between finish and start times.
false
In network diagramming, dashed lines represent precedence relationships.
false
Planning consists of adjusting the concept to meet the demand.
false
Project managers use network planning techniques to assign resources to activities.
false
The TOC focuses on correct placement of buffers.
false
The sum of the activity times on the critical path determines the total slack available.
false
With probabilistic time estimates for activities, (m) denotes the mean time.
false
The termination phase in the project life cycle involves identifying the need for the project.
fasle
Which phase in the project life cycle involves evaluating expected costs, benefits, and risks?
feasibility analysis or study
Activities on the critical path _______________________________________.
have no slack
Which of the following information about activities is not needed in determining how to crash a project?
how many dummy activities there are
If a delay in an activity will delay completion of the whole project, the activity ____________________.
is on the critical path
. In critical path scheduling, slack is computed as the difference between ______________________.
latest and earliest times
The critical path is the sequential path of interrelated activities which has the ____________________.
longest time
You may be able to speed up completion of a project by _______________________.
making additional resources available
The sum of the activity times on the critical path determines _____________________.
minimum time to complete the project
With probabilistic time estimates for activities, (o) denotes the _______________________.
optimistic time
With probabilistic time estimates for activities, (p) denotes the _______________________.
pessimistic time
Which phase in the project life cycle involves analyzing the project risk?
planning
Which phase in the project life cycle involves analyzing the work to be done and developing time estimates for completing each of the activities?
planning
When we are unsure about the duration of project activities, we use _____________________ time estimates.
probabilistic
Removing safety time from the individual activities and putting the total safety time at the end of the critical path creates a(n) ___________________.
project buffer
Which of the following would probably not benefit from the use of critical path scheduling?
receiving orders for the company's products by phone
The process of calculating LS and LF _____________________________.
requires only a backward pass through the network
The process of calculating ES and EF ______________________________.
requires only a forward pass through the network
. Which of the following is not a benefit of network planning techniques?
resources are clearly identified
Which of the following can be calculated for an activity once ES, EF, LS, and LF have been calculated for the activity?
slack time
An activity has eight weeks allotted to it, but we should be able to do it in five weeks. Waiting three weeks before getting started on it is an example of the _____________________.
student syndrome
Which phase in the project life cycle involves ending the project?
termination
An approach for getting projects done faster and more consistently at or before the project due date is ____________________.
the critical chain approach
For projects whose activities have probabilistic time estimates, the probability of completing the project in a specified amount of time is determined by __________________________.
the expected times and standard deviations for the critical path and paths whose expected times are close to that of the critical path
. In the critical chain approach, the focus is on _______________________.
the final due date of the project
In making a forward pass through a network, three activities are immediate predecessors for activity T. What is the early start time for activity T?
the largest EF for the three activities that are immediate predecessors for activity T
Which of the following is not a valid reason for reducing the time spent finishing a particular project?
the project started too early
The last project activity ES and LS times are:
the same
In making a backward pass through a network, activity T immediately precedes three activities. What is the late finish time for activity T?
the smallest LS for the three activities that activity T immediately precedes
In calculating the estimated probability of completion value a negative number is obtained. This means:
the specified completion time is earlier than the expected completion time.
Crashing a schedule is reducing a project completion time by ___________________.
throwing additional resources to the critical path
A Gantt chart can be use to display graphically the scheduled times for activities.
true
A project is a unique, one-time event that is intended to achieve an objective in a given time period.
true
An activity in a network diagram has an optimistic time estimate of five days, a most likely time estimate of seven days, and a pessimistic time estimate of 15 days. Its expected time is eight days.
true
An approach for getting projects done faster and more consistently at or before the project due date is the critical chain approach.
true
Crashing is shortening the total time for completing a project by incurring higher costs from shortening activities.
true
In making a forward pass through a network, three activities are immediate predecessors for activity T. The early start time for activity T is the largest EF for the three activities that are immediate predecessors for activity T.
true
In network diagramming, arrows represent precedence relationships.
true
Precedence relationships structure the sequencing of activities.
true
Removing safety time from the individual activities and putting the total safety time at the end of the critical path creates a project buffer.
true
The probability of completing a project in a specified amount of time is being calculated. For a particular path through the project, the z-value shows the path's number of standard deviations that the specified time is past the expected path completion time.
true
The two kinds of network diagrams are activity-on-arrow and activity-on-node.
true
When we are unsure about the duration of project activities, we use probabilistic time estimates.
true
Which of the following is not characteristic of a project?
typically performed by external consultants
Which of the following is not characteristic of a project?
uses no resources
. One way of wasting safety time in the critical chain approach is multitasking, which involves ___________.
using a person or resource for more than one project
Which of the following is not an example of a method that can be used to reduce the time to complete an activity?
work on other activities
The probability of completing a project in a specified amount of time is being calculated. For a particular path through the project, the ______________ shows the path's number of standard deviations that the specified time is past the expected path completion time.
z-value
