MKTG 4360 - Final Exam

Which of the following values of the correlation coefficient would indicate a strong inverse relationship between variables? -.75 -.05 -.92 -.28

-.92

In the formula Y = 10 + .5X, slope equals: .10 10 .05 .5

.5

The main diagonal in a correlation matrix will consist exclusively of correlations equal to: 1.00 positive values between zero and 1.00 0 . positive values greater than 1.00

1.00

In the formula Y = 10 + .5X, the y-intercept equals: 10 .05 none of the answers given are correct .5

10

If r^2 = .95, the researcher knows that: none of the answers given are correct 5 percent of the variance in Y is explained by the variance in X the results are statistically significant at the .05 level 95 percent of the variance in Y is explained by the variance in X

95 percent of the variance in Y is explained by the variance in X

A survey contains each of the following 2 questions: Age: Under 21years of age 22-50 years old over 50 years old Uber is a great way to travel Strongly disagree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Strongly Agree Which of the following statistical tests would be possible? t-test ANOVA chi-square test Regression

ANOVA

If a researcher wishes to determine if a difference exists between upper, middle and lower socioeconomic classes relative to their attitude toward a brand, which statistical test would you recommend? ANOVA independent sample t-test Regression chi-square test

ANOVA

The test of an experimental with a three-group independent variable and a continuous dependent, would best be analyzed with a(n): chi-square test Regression model t-test ANOVA

ANOVA

Which of the following statements is false? ANOVA is a non-parametric test ANOVA stands for analysis of variance ANOVA is a bivariate test All of the listed statements are true.

ANOVA is a non-parametric test

Which of the following statements are true? T-tests use a 2 group independent variable All of the listed statements are true. Regression has a continuous independent and dependent variable ANOVA uses a 3 or greater group independent variable

ANOVA uses a 3 or greater group independent variable

Which of the following statements is false? Nominal scales uniquely classify. All of the listed statements are true. Ratio scales uniquely classify, preserve order and have equal i.ntervals Simply put, validity means a scales measures what it is supposed to measure.

All of the listed statements are true.

Which of the following statements is false? the statistical test for a cross tab is the chi-square test All of the listed statements are true. chi-square tests use only categorical measures a cross tab is a table depicting a joint frequency distribution

All of the listed statements are true.

T-tests and chi-square tests are examples of: Non-parametric tests Multivariate tests Univariate tests Bivariate tests

Bivariate tests

A statistic that provides the degree to which Y is affected by X is called: Coefficient of Determination Pearson r Correlation Coefficient p-value

Coefficient of Determination

Which of the following statements about a Likert scale is not true? Scale items may be summated to form a composite measure. Numbers are assigned to each of the alternative responses. Each scale item is assumed to represent an aspect of a common attitudinal domain. Likert scales are considered ordinal and categorical.

Correct answer: ?? WRONG: Each scale item is assumed to represent an aspect of a common attitudinal domain

Which of the following is a condition necessary to use non-probability sampling? All of the statements listed are necessary conditions When you are very familiar with the target population When you have to have the data collected immediately When the sample is local as opposed to national

Correct answer: ?? WRONG: When the sample is local as opposed to national

ANOVA is used to: none of the listed statements are true forecast and make predictions measure association assess differences in 2 groups

Correct answer: ?? WRONG: assess differences in 2 groups

When you suspect that a spurious relationship exists, one possible solution is to: investigate a potential moderating effect recollect your data investigate a possible mediation effect try a different statistical test

Correct answer: ?? WRONG: investigate a possible mediation effect

If I am working as political pollster and want to see what candidates are in the lead with registered voters, the best sampling plan would be for me to use: stratified sampling cluster sampling judement sampling convenience sampling

Correct answer: ?? WRONG: stratified sampling

If you divide a population into groups and then randomly select a subset of those groups and then select members from each randomly selected group, you have utilized which of the following? systematic sample cluster sampling stratified sampling simple random sampling

Correct answer: ?? WRONG: stratified sampling

The null hypothesis of "equality of population means" will be rejected in the ANOVA procedure if: between-group difference is maximized and within-group difference is minimized total variance is significantly larger than within-group variance within-group variance is significantly larger than between-group variance total variance is significantly larger than between-group variance

Correct answer: ?? WRONG: total variance is significantly larger than within-group variance

SSE represents what? Deviation explained by regression Total Deviation Deviation not explained by regression none of the answers given are correct

Deviation not explained by regression

Which of the following best describes a stratified sample? Randomly select a number and then go down the list and select every nth person None in this list describe a stratified sample Assign each member of the population a random number and them randomly select numbers Divide the population into groups and then randomly select a subset from EACH group

Divide the population into groups and then randomly select a subset from EACH group

Which of the following features distinguishes probability samples from non-probability samples? All of the listed statements describe how probability and non-probability samples differ. Each element of the population has a known chance of being included in a probability sample. A probability sample will always be less representative of the population than a non-probability sample. Important elements of the population have an equal chance of being included in a non-probability sample.

Each element of the population has a known chance of being included in a probability sample.

The following is which type of scale? Modern ____:____:____:____:____:____:____Old-fashioned likert numerical graphic semantic differential

Educated guess: semantic differential? WRONG: likert

A survey contains each of the following 2 questions: Gender: ____ Male ____Female Pizza Hut has the best pizza Strongly disagree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Strongly Agree Which of the following statistical tests would be possible? regression t-test chi-square test ANOVA

Educated guess: t-test? WRONG: chi-square test, ANOVA

All of the following can be measured using continuous scales EXCEPT ____. Temperature Weight Income Gender

Gender

Which of the following statements about the p-value are false: If p is less than alpha we fail reject the null all listed statements are true. For our purposes, we compare p to a significance level of .05. The p-value is compared to the level of significance when making a decision about a null hypothesis

If p is less than alpha we fail reject the null

Which of the following statements about an interval scale is false? It has the properties of an ordinal scale. It uniquely classifies by providing numbers that serve as labels for identification. It has the properties of a nominal scale. It has an absolute zero point.

It has an absolute zero point.

Which of the following best describes the sampling distribution? It is a frequency distribution of a sample. It is a frequency distribution of the means for all possible samples drawn from within a given population. It is normally distributed and asymmetrical. It is a frequency distribution of a population.

It is a frequency distribution of the means for all possible samples drawn from within a given population.

____ is the process of describing some property of a phenomenon or concept, usually by assigning numbers, in a reliable and valid way. Measurement Research Analysis Validation

Measurement

Which of the following statements are false: The alternative hypothesis accounts for everything not covered by the null The researcher sets the significance level None of the listed statements are false The null hypothesis states the status quo

None of the listed statements are false

Which of the following statements is true? Interval scales uniquely classiffy, preserve order, have equal intervals and an absolute zero. Nominal scales have equal intervals. Ratio scales have an absolute zero Ordinal scales uniquely classify, preserve order and have equal intervals.

Ratio scales have an absolute zero

Which of the following statements is false? Semantic Differential scales are examples of ratio level measurement Likert scales are considered interval level Only the mode can be calculated with nominal data The mean can be calculated with interval and ratio scales.

Semantic Differential scales are examples of ratio level measurement

Which of the following would not constitute a testable null hypothesis? all options listed are acceptable null hypotheses The means are all unequal males and females do not differ based on product preference The means are all equal

The means are all unequal

Which of the following statements are true? As a measure of dispersion, the variance is considered mathematically intractable The standard deviation is the best measure of dispersion. The range is the simplest and best measure of spread The range is just the square root of the variance

The standard deviation is the best measure of dispersion.

SST represents: Deviation not explained by regression Deviation explained by regression none of the answers given are correct Total Deviation

Total Deviation

Rejecting a true null can result in: Type II error standard error Type 1 error residual error

Type 1 error

Failing to reject a false null will result in: standard error residual error Type I error Type II error

Type II error

Which of the following statements is true? correlation assesses causation regression only measures association Y is the dependent variable and X is independent variable in regression all listed statements are true.

Y is the dependent variable and X is independent variable in regression

A survey samples both men and women and asks them whether they shop at a particular store (yes/no). The researcher wishing to analyze the data will perform: a gender analysis. an analysis of central tendency. a cross-tab/chi-square test. a frequency distribution.

a cross-tab/chi-square test

A questionnaire that collects information that is reliable and valid is said to be: accurate incomplete wrong disproportionate

accurate

A correlation coefficient: is a statistical measure of how two variables are associated. indicates the magnitude of the relationship between variables. indicates the direction of the relationship between variables. all listed statements are true

all listed statements are true

The standard deviation: does not have the drawbacks of the variance because its unit of measure is not squared, but is in the same unit of measure as the mean. is the most valuable measure of spread or dispersion. does not have the limitations of the range. all listed statements are true.

all listed statements are true.

Which of the following is true? all listed statements are true. T-test uses a T distribution ANOVA uses an F-distribution chi-square tests use a chi-square distribution

all listed statements are true.

Which of the following statements are true? in regression, Y represents the dependent variable with categorical data only, we can only do frequency distributions and chi-square tests all listed statements are true. in regression, X represents the independent variable

all listed statements are true.

Which of the following statements is false: correlation measures association, regression measures prediction chi-square and t-tests differ because the dependent variable is continuous with a t-test ANOVA and Regression use an F distribution all listed statements are true.

all listed statements are true.

Given the following correlation matrix, based on a sample of 250 respondents: v1 v2 v3 v1 1 v 20.811149 1 v 30.824694 0.719436 1 Which of the following statements are true? there is no way to tell given the information at hand all of the above correlations are significant some of the above correlations are significant none of the above correlations are significant

all of the above correlations are significant

Given the following correlation matrix, based on a sample of 250 respondents: v1 v2 v3 v1. 1 v2. 0.811149 1 v3 0.824694. 0.719436 1 Which of the following statements are true? some of the correlation coefficients are inversely related none of the answers given are correct all of the above correlation coefficients show weak association among the variables all of the correlation coefficients are positively associated

all of the correlation coefficients are positively associated

Which of the following statements are false? both of the statements are false t-test uses a categorical and a continuous variable both of the statements are true regression requires continuous level measures

both of the statements are true

A private art museum sponsoring a program of summer art classes for children expects an equal number of boys and girls. Following the program, the children were asked whether they liked or disliked the program. If trying to determine which gender liked the program more is a concern, the appropriate test for statistical significance is the: chi-square test t-test F-test Z-test

chi-square test

A test that statistically analyzes significance in a joint frequency distribution is a/an: none of the answers given are correct chi-square test. cross tabulation analysis F-test

chi-square test.

A measure obtained by that proportion of the total variance of a variable that is accounted for by knowing the value of another variable is the: standard deviation of the mean. Person R correlation coeficent. coefficient of variation. coefficient of determination.

coefficient of determination.

Age, gender, brand loyalty, and corporate culture are all examples of ____. concepts ratios codes scales

concepts

A concept with multiple items is called: testing scoring rating construct

construct

To calculate a mean you need? continuous data the standard deviation categorical data ordinal data

continuous data

If I wish to determine the association between two continuous variables, I would use: none of the answers given are correct correlation coefficient t-test chi-square

correlation coefficient

The significance level is: the confidence level probability level selected (.05) a critical probability all statements listed describe the significance level

critical probability

Which technique recommends asking general questions before specific questions in order to obtain unbiased responses? funnel technique skip logic none of the above branching

funnel technique

A marketing vice-president tells the marketing department to schedule a test market in Dallas because he feels that this city is "typical" of the composition of the target market for a new product nationally. The vice president is asking for a(n) ____. cluster sample snowball sample judgement sample random sample

judgement sample

The following is which type of scale: I am satisfied with my IBM computer. Disagree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Agree numerical likert graphic semantic differential

likert

Describing a phenomena numerically is called: marketing measurement/operationalization sampling analysis

measurement/operationalization

If a question asks me to rank my favorite football teams, which of the following can I calculate with the data I obtain? median and mode just the mode the mean, median and mode just the median

median and mode

A goal of regression is to: all of the listed statements are false minimize residual error maximize residual error have a very low r-squared value

minimize residual error

The least-squares method generates a line that: connects all points in a scatter diagram none of the answers given are correct minimizes all of the deviations minimizes the sum of the squared deviations between actual values and predicted values

minimizes the sum of the squared deviations between actual values and predicted values

Suppose a researcher is concerned with a nominal scale that identifies users versus nonusers of bank credit cards. The measure of central tendency appropriate to this scale is the: mean standard deviation mode median

mode

A ________ variable is a third variable that, when introduced into a cross-tabulation analysis, alters or has a contingent effect on the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable. moderator mediator dependent independent

moderator

The following output consists of a test where males and females attitudes toward an advertisement are measured. t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances male female Mean 21.62857143 20.92857143 Variance 25.19274214 24.46124279 Observations 560 224 Pooled Variance 24.98414322 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 782 t Stat 1.771437365 P(T<=t) one-tail 0.038438706 t Critical one-tail 1.646804505 P(T<=t) two-tail 0.046877413 t Critical two-tail 1.9630022 The appropriate null hypothesis would be which of the following? Any of the answers given would be correct no difference exists between males and females relative to their attitudes toward the ad a relationship exists between gender and attitudes toward the ad a relationship exists between males and females relative to their attitudes toward the ad

no difference exists between males and females relative to their attitudes toward the ad

"What is your gender? ______ M ______ F" is an example of what type of question? ratio interval ordinal nominal

nominal

Which of the following statements is true? attitudes cannot be effectively measured nominal and ordinal measures are generally qualitative and categorical all of the listed statements are false scales can be valid but not reliable

nominal and ordinal measures are generally qualitative and categorical

Which of the following statements is true? Your ethnicity would be considered ordinal semantic differential measures are ordinal in nature ranking is ordinal and quantitative none of the listed statements are true

none of the listed statements are true

Residual error is equal to: observed values minus predicted values Predicted values minus actual values mean error minus standard error mean of Y minus predicted values

observed values minus predicted values

A database of respondents who have agreed to participate in marketing research along with their e-mail contact information are called a(an) ____. perpetual panel numerical panel e-sample online consumer panel

online consumer panel

Which of the following statements are true? none of the listed statements are true only the mode can be calculated for nominal level data a mean can be calculated with ordinal, interval or ratio level measures a median can be calculated for any level of measure

only the mode can be calculated for nominal level data

"Can you name five brands of tires?" is an example of what type of question? open-ended ordinal ratio fixed alternative

open-ended

In political elections for candidates who are not well-known by many voters, such as judges, it frequently happens that the candidate who is listed first on the ballot receives the most votes, this is an example of a(n): self-fullfilling prophecey order bias standard error Hawthorne effect

order bias

"Hertz is ranked #1, Avis is ranked #2" implies ___________ data. ratio nominal interval ordinal

ordinal

A(n) ____________ scale ranks objects or alternatives according to their magnitude in an ordered relationship. nominal ordinal interval ratio

ordinal

Which of the following is not a measure of central tendency? mode median mean range

range

In distribution research, miles or tons are often measures. These are: ratio scales ordinal scales nominal scales interval scales

ratio scales

The following output consists of a test where males and females attitudes toward an advertisement are measured. t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances male female Mean 21.62857143 20.92857143 Variance 25.19274214 24.46124279 Observations 560 224 Pooled Variance 24.98414322 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 782 t Stat 1.771437365 P(T<=t) one-tail 0.038438706 t Critical one-tail 1.646804505 P(T<=t) two-tail 0.046877413 t Critical two-tail 1.9630022 Which of the following statements is true concerning the output? fail to reject the null none of the answers given are correct fail to accept the alternative reject the null

reject the null

Which of the following refers to the extent that all information collected in a questionnaire addresses a research question that will help the decision maker address the current marketing problem? proportional relevant wrong counter balanced

relevant

In doing a research project for the SEC (South Eastern Conference), students enrolled at Auburn University would be considered as a(n): sample population census universe

sample

A single element or group of elements that is eligible for selection via the sampling process is called a ____. sampling unit sampling quota sampling panel sampling error

sampling unit

The attitude scale that uses bipolar adjectives to anchor each end of the scale is the: graphic rating likert semantic differential nominal

semantic differential

If you were to ask 15 people drawn at random to give you the names of 15 other individuals, all with a common characteristic, you would be utilizing a ____________ sampling technique. stratified cluster snowball judgement

snowball

A marketing researcher wants to put together four focus groups of 18-24 year-old males who are "heavy downloaders of music" (defined as downloading 50 songs per month). Instead of asking people at a shopping mall whether they download music from the Internet, he finds one person in the target market who qualifies, and then asks that person to suggest the names of two other males between the ages of 18-24 who download music. The researcher will invite those two to participate in the focus group, and then they are each asked to suggest two others similar to themselves to participate in the focus group study. This procedure describes a ____. simple random sampling stratified sampling snowball sampling cluster sampling

snowball sampling

A measurement technique that presents a respondent with several objects or with information typed on cards and requires the respondent to arrange the objects or cards into piles is: rating sorting choice ranking

sorting

Which type of measure assigns a value to an observation based on a summing of multiple statements/items? summated (composite) measure conglomerate measure nominal measure standard measure

summated (composite) measure

If a researcher wishing to draw a sample from sequentially numbered invoices uses a random starting point, then draws every 50th invoice, she has thus drawn a ____________ sample. convenience sample none of the above random sample systematic sample

systematic sample

Which type of sampling error is primarily due to the nature of a study's design and the correctness of study execution? secondary sampling error systematic sampling error primary sampling error random sampling error

systematic sampling error

All of the following are disadvantages of open-ended response questions EXCEPT: the information provided is not useful time consuming to evaluate and analyze cost

the information provided is not useful

When there are three levels (groups) of an independent variable, the null hypothesis is: the sum of the means is a minimum value the means are all unequal to each other the means are all equal mean 1 > mean > 2 mean > 3

the means are all equal

The concept of reliability occurs when: the measure is consistently assessing the same thing over time the measure correlates with other measures of the same concept. the content of the measure confirms a network of related hypotheses. there is subjective agreement among professionals that the measure logically appears to be accurately reflecting what it purports to measure.

the measure is consistently assessing the same thing over time

Which of the following is false? the mode is the midpoint all listed statements are true The median is the midpoint the mean is the arithmatic average

the mode is the midpoint

The choice of the method of statistical analysis depends upon all of the following except: the question to be answered. the number of variables. the scale of measurement. the questionnaire design.

the questionnaire design

When sample size is larger than 30: the t-distribution must be used instead of the Z-distribution. the t-distribution and the sampling distribution of the mean are considered to be almost identical. the t-distribution and the Z-distribution are considered to be almost identical. the t-distribution can be used when the data are nominal scaled.

the t-distribution and the Z-distribution are considered to be almost identical.

Which of the following statements are true? the t-distribution can be used for means difference testing the F distribution is used with a chi-square test all listed statements are true. a t-test uses a chi-square distribution

the t-distribution can be used for means difference testing

A t-test cannot be used to test for statistical significance if there are: independent variables independent test differences three groups (levels) dependent variables

three groups (levels)

For a given case, the independent variable is equal to 20 and the dependent variable is equal to 10, if the y-intercept is equal to .5 and the slope is equal to .1, what is the linear equation? y = .5 + .1x y = .5 + 10x y = .5 + 1x y = 20 + .1x

y = .5 + .1x