MNG 1234
All of the following are ways that firms can benefit from a foreign market's political and legal systems except ________. A) tax holidays B) subsidies C) legal protection D) cash incentives
) legal protection
holly-owned subsidiary
- A foreign subsidiary, or subordinate section of an organization, that is totally owned and controlled by the organization. is a foreign subsidiary that is totally owned and controlled by an organization
o Franchising
- A form of licensing in which a company allows a foreign company to pay it a fee and a share of the profit in return for using the first company's brand name and a package of materials and services. is a form of licensing in which a company allows a foreign company to pay it a fee and a share of the profit in return for using the first company's brand name and a package of materials and services.
o import quota
- A trade barrier in the form of a limit on the numbers of a product that can be imported. is a trade barrier in the form of a limit on the numbers of a product that can be imported.
o joint venture
- An organization that joins forces with another organization to realize strategic advantages that neither could have achieved alone; a U.S. firm may form a joint venture, also known as a strategic alliance, with a foreign company to share the risks and rewards of starting a new enterprise together in a foreign country., also known as a strategic alliance. Describes the relationship of two organizations that join forces to achieve advantages that neither can perform as well alone., with a foreign company to share the risks and rewards of starting a new enterprise together in a foreign country.
o Licensing
- Company X allows a foreign company to pay it a fee to make or distribute X's product or service., a company allows a foreign company to pay it a fee to make or distribute the first company's product or service.
o Hofstede model of four cultural dimensions
- Model proposed by Geert Hofstede that identified four dimensions along which national cultures can be placed: individualism/collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity/femininity., which identified four dimensions along which national cultures can be placed: (1) individualism/collectivism, (2) power distance, (3) uncertainty avoidance, and (4) masculinity/femininity.
o external stakeholders
- People or groups in the organization's external environment that are affected by it. This environment includes the task environment and the general environment.—people or groups in the organization's external environment that are affected by it
o Exporting
- Producing goods domestically and selling them outside the country., a company produces goods domestically and sells them outside the country.
which of the following are internal stakeholders of an organization
- owners, employees, board of directors
Studying Management provides
- understanding of the present - a guide to action -a source of new ideas -clues to the meaning of your managers decision
Frederick W. Taylor
-"one best way" -soldiering
What races will increase in the work force? (4)
-African Americans -Asians -Pacific Islanders -Hispanics
Max Weber
-Bureaucracy choose managers based on: -formal rules/procedures -well defined hierarchy -not popularity/social status based
24. Managers sometimes use the utilitarian approach by using a __ analysis of efficiency and profit to define what constitutes "the greatest good for the greatest number"
-Cost benefit
Middle managers
-IMPLEMENT the policies and plans of top managers -supervise and coordinate activities of 1st line managers -"plant manager" -"district manager"
-Gestures and symbols don't have the same meaning to everyone throughout the world... not understanding such differences can affect how well organizations manage globally
-In Japan it is considered rude to look directly in the eyes of someone for more than a few seconds -In Greece the hand-waving gesture commonly used in America for good-bye is considered an insult
How does an organization stay ahead (competitive advantage)? (4)
-being responsive to customers -innovation -quality -efficiency
Henry ford increased productivity by:
-creating an assembly line -division of labor -made more cars with less labor -productivity = outputs/inputs
Studying management allows you to... (4)
-deal with organizations from the outside -relate to your supervisors -interact with coworkers -how to manage yourself in the workplace
Top managers
-determine overall direction -make long term decisions -future oriented -pay attention to environment outside organization
decisional roles
-entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator *managers use information to make decisions to solve problems or take advantage of opportuinites
interpersonal roles
-figurehead, leader, and liaison activities *interpersonal roles, managers interact with ppl inside and outside their work units
17. What are some of the important implications of e-business today?
-increase use of e-management -accelerated decision making combined with conflict and stress -changes in organizational structure, jobs, goal setting, and knowledge management
What was going on during the great depression?
-increased role of gov't in business affairs -new legisation brought about under the new deal -focus on the worker
15. Of the following selections, choose all that explain how internet can affect companies or activities that depend heavily on the flow of information
-it enables use of collaborative computing -it accelerates decision making, conflict, and stress -it lowers the cost of communications
Internet can affect companies or activities that depend heavily on the flow of information (3 ways)
-it lowers cost of communications -it enables the use of collaborative computing -it accelerates decision making, conflict, and stress
Henry Mintzberg Study
-long hours, intense pace -fragmentation, brevity, variety -- can't do anything for more than 10 minutes without being interuppted -more verbal> written communication
14. Which of the following are challenges of managing for information technology?
-managers must be masters of organizational communications -managers must manage increase increased conflict and stress NOT: organizations are bound by time zones and locations
challenges of managing for information technology (2)
-managers must manage increase conflict and stress -managers must be masters of organizational communication
informational roles
-monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson *receive and communicate information
Folloet and Power
-organizations are communities -conflicts solved by having managers and workers find a solution that satifies both parties AKA integration
management process (4 management functions)
-planning -organizing -leading -controlling
Frank and Lillian Gillbreth
-rid of excess motion -cheaper by the dozen -broke simple task down into individual motions to get rid of excess motion
33. Which of the following characterize(s) an intrapreneur?
-sees opportunity for a product or service
First Line managers
-short term operating decisions -directing DAILY TASKS of non managerial personnel
-text messages or documents transmitted over a computer network
Components of the external environment? (2)
-the task environment -the general environment
Rewards of practicing management (3)
-you and your employees can experience a sense of accomplishment -you can stretch your abilities and magnify your range -you can build a catalog of successful products or services
Major Trading Blocs (6)
1. NAFTA 2. EU 3. APEC 4. ASEAN 5. Mercosur 6. CAFTA
Mintzberg's findings (3)
1. a manager relies more on verbal than on written communication 2. a manger works long hours at an intense pace 3. a manager is characterized by fragmentation, breity, and variety
Why do companies expand internationally?
1. availability of supplies 2. new markets 3. lower labor costs 4. access to financial capital 5. avoidance of tariffs and import quotas
Archie B. Carroll beliefs (3)
1. be a good global corporate citizen 2. be ethical in its practices 3. obey the law 4. make a profit
To have a competitive advantage, an organization must stay ahead in 4 areas:
1. being responsive to customers 2. innovation 3. quality 4. efficiency
According to Robert Hurley, trust comes from delivering every day on what one promises, and involves constant... (3)
1. communication 2. teamwork 3. collaboration
7 challenges of a manager N2K
1. competitive advantage-to stay ahead of rivals 2. diversity in race, gender, and so on, bc the future won't resemble the past 3. effects of globalization 4. information technology 5. maintain ethical standards 6. sustainability-practice environmental policies 7. achievement of your own happiness and life goals
What are the 11 groups that make up tasks environment?
1. customers 2. competitors 3. suppliers 4. distributors 5. strategic allies 6. employee organizations 7. local communities 8. financial institutions 9. government regulators 10. special-interest groups 11. mass media
What are the six forces of the general environment
1. economic 2. technological 3. sociocultural 4. demographic 5. political-legal 6. international
How does being good pay off?
1. effect on customers 2. effect on employees work effort 3. effect on job applicants and employee retention 4. effect on sales growth 5. effect on company efficiency 6. effect on company revenue 7. effect on stock price 8. effect on profits
decision-making roles (4)
1. entrepreneur 2. disturbance handler 3. resource allocator 4. negotiator
How can organizations promote ethics?
1. ethical climate 2. screening prospective employees 3. instituting ethic codes and training programs 4. rewarding ethical behavior
Some research shows that ethical behavior and high social responsibility pay off for companies? (4)
1. increase in the number of job applicants 2. higher profit due to increased sales and revenue 3.decrease in employee fraud 4. higher employee retention
Mintzberg concluded that managers play 3 broad roles...
1. interpersonal 2. informational 3. decisional
Which of the following are included in the five basic culture areas that are important in global management?
1. lenguage. 2. interpersonal space. 3. communication. 4. time orientation. 5. religion.
The five reasons companies expand internationally are:
1. new markets. 2. lower labor costs. 3. avoidance of tariffs and import quotas. 4. availability of supplies. 5. access to finance capital.
Requirements of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (3)
1. organization must have procedures and guidelines in place for adult committees 2. top management cannot take personal loans or lines of credit from the company 3. CEO and CFO must certify the accuracy of financial reports of comany
Four principle functions of management
1. planning 2. organizing 3. controlling 4. Leading
Barriers to international trade (3)
1. tariffs 2. import quotas 3. embargos
What are the 3 skills that exceptional managers cultivate?
1. technical 2. conceptual 3. human
Organizations Promoting International Trade
1. the World Trade Organization 2. the World Bank 3. International Monetary Fund
valued traits in managers (4)
1. the ability to motivate and engage others 2. the ability to communicate 3. work experience outside the US 4. high energy levels to meet the demands of global travel and a 24/7 world
The external environment of stakeholders consists of... (2)
1. the task environment 2. the general environment
Ethical Behavior
Behavior accepted as "right" as opposed to "wrong" according to recognized ethical standards
20. Which management viewpoint placed emphasis on the importance of understanding human beings and the motivation and ecouragement of employees towards achievement
Behavioral viewpoint
ethnocentric managers
Believe that their native country, culture, language, and behavior are superior to all others
30. An example of a new technological force being used in transforming resouces into a good or service is:
Biotechnology
Who are the four core members of Mercosur?
Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, & Uruguay
Evidence -based management
Bringing rationality to the decision-making process is a major aim of which type of management?
• Importing
Buying goods outside the country and reselling them domestically., a company buys goods outside the country and resells them domestically.
Governments impose export controls for the purpose of ________. A) improving available opportunities for domestic sales B) limiting the number of exported products to certain countries C) preventing the export of security-related products to specific nations D) restricting the export of products to all nations during wartime
C) preventing the export of security-related products to specific nations
An import license can best be defined by which of the following? A) an expensive requirement for new importing firms B) a government fee to facilitate import processing C) a complicated system of establishing quotas D) a costly government permit to import goods
D) a costly government permit to import goods
o task environment
Eleven groups that present workers with daily tasks to handle: customers, competitors, suppliers, distributors, strategic allies, employee groups, local communities, financial institutions, government regulators, special-interest groups, and mass media. consists of 11 groups that present you with daily tasks to handle: customers, competitors, suppliers, distributors, strategic allies, employee organizations, local communities, financial institutions, government regulators, special-interest groups, and mass media.
Task Environment
Eleven groups that present workers with daily tasks to handle; customers, competitors, suppliers, distributors, strategic allies, employee groups, local communities, financial institutions, government regulators, special-interest groups, & mass media
29. Which of the following was the primary researcher of the Hawthrone studies?
Elton Mayo
3. In many of today's forward-looking organizations, ______ are considered the most important resource a company has.
Employees
o internal stakeholders
Employees, owners, and the board of directors consist of employees, owners, and the board of directors, if any.
Internal Stakeholders
Employees. owners, and the board of directors, if any
o Decisional Roles
Entrepreneur, Disturbance Handler, Resource Allocator, and Negotiator In their decisional roles. One of three types of managerial roles: managers use information to make decisions to solve problems or take advantage of opportunities. The four decision-making roles are entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator, managers use information to make decisions to solve problems or take advantage of opportunities. The four decision-making roles are entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator.
29. Fill in blank: ______ must have a particularly high tolerance for ambiguity as they are trying to do things that have not been done before
Entrepreneurs
30. Fill in blank: Because they are willing to take risks in the pursuit of new opportunities, including the risk of personal financial failure, ______ need the confidence to act decisively
Entrepreneurs
32. Fill in blank: while both managers and entrepreneurs feel a sense of urgency, _____ are especially apt to be impatient and want to get things done as quickly as possible, making them particularly action oriented.
Entrepreneurs
13. Which of the following are commonly demonstrated by foreign work experience?
Entrepreneurship, Resourcefulness, Independence
total quality
Eric's management style leads him to focus on training his team, improving customer satisfaction, and continuously improving the quality of his organization's products and services. Eric uses _____ _______ management.
37. Behavior accepted "right" as opposed to "wrong" is:
Ethical behavior
22. The ulitarian, individual, moral-rights, and justice approach are the four methods of deciding ______
Ethical dilemmas
An international human rights organization recommends that its member countries review their human rights policies on a periodic basis to ensure that their governments are upholding ethical standards for the treatment of prisoners. Which of the following represents the most effective reasoning in support of the organization's recommendation? A) Ethical policies and practices tend to remain consistent within the same country over time. B) Nations should only enforce ethical standards that have been approved by other nations. C) Nations should enforce those ethical standards that have been adopted in other nations. D) Ethical standards change over time, so national policies should be updated as necessary.
Ethical standards change over time, so national policies should be updated as necessary.
36. Generally accepted standards or right and wrong that influence behavior are called:
Ethics
17. _____ managers believe that their native country, culture, language, and behavior are superior to all others
Ethnocentric
___ managers believe that their native country, culture, language, and behavior are superior to all others.
Ethnocentric
16. Which individuals pioneered Administrative management theory?
Fayol and Weber
What are the three interpersonal roles?
Figurehead, leader, & Liaison Activities
16. Banks, savings and loans, and credit unions are all examples of _____ institutions, one group of stake holders within the task environment
Financial
34. Managers with titles such as department head, supervisor, and team leader who make short-term operating decisions and direct the tasks of non-managerial personnel are called:
First line managers
Independence, resourcefulness, entrepreneurship, adaptive, inquisitive
Foreign experience demonstrates which of the following five skills to management recruiters?
Which of the following is a typical complaint of host-country competitors against foreign firms? A) Foreign firms burden the host-country with infrastructure requirements. B) Foreign firms do not have to obey host-country laws and regulations. C) Foreign firms receive financial support from host-country governments. D) Foreign firms lure local workers away from host-country businesses.
Foreign firms receive financial support from host-country governments.
24. Companies may be enticed into going abroad with increased access to foreign capital through which two sources?
Foreign govt subsidies, Foreign companies
NAFTA
Formed in 1994, the trading bloc consisting of the United States, Canada, and Mexico. is a trading bloc consisting of the United States, Canada, and Mexico, encompassing 435 million people. The agreement is supposed to eliminate 99% of the tariffs and quotas among these countries, allowing for freer flow of goods, services, and capital in North America. Trade with Canada and Mexico now accounts for one-third of the U.S. total, up from one-quarter in 1989.
34. Which of the following refer to a type of foreign enterprise/subsidiary that is not owned entirely by the parent company
Franchise, Joint venture, License
Which of the following terms refer to a type of foreign enterprises (subsidiary) that is not owned entirely by the parent company?
Franchise, license, joint venture.
32. _________ is a form of licensing in which one company allows a foreign company to pay it a fee and a share of the profit in return for using the first compays brand name and a package of materials and services.
Franchising
____ is a form of licensing in which one company allows a foreign company to pay it a fee and a share of the profit in return for using the first company's brand name and a package of materials and services.
Franchising
scientific management
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth pioneered the _____________________ theory.
Industrial engineering
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were pioneers in scientific management. Which profession did they come from?
12. ____ is best known for defining the techniques of scientific management, and is known as the "father of scientific management"
Frederick W. Taylor
37. The movement of goods among nations without politcal or economic obstruction is called
Free trade
20. ____ managers accept that there are difference and similarities between home and foreign personnel practices. These types of managers believe that they should use whatever techniques are most effective.
Geocentric
___ managers accept that there are differences and similarities between home and foreign personnel and practices. These type of managers believe that they should use whatever techniques are most effective.
Geocentric
What does GLOBE stand for?
Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior
Which of the following is the way of expanding internationally that has the lowest risk?
Global Outsoursing
Which of the following are negative effects of globalization on the United States?
Global investment in Mortgages contributed to the subprime mortgage meltdown and recession, outsourcing of jobs to cheaper labor overseas, and service as well as manufacturing jobs are moved offshore.
Globe stands for
Global leadership and organization behavior effectiveness
Internet
Global network of independently operating but interconnected computers, linking hundreds of thousands of smaller networks around the world
4. The trend of the world economy becoming a more interdependent system is called:
Globalization
Which of the following is not one of the major trading blocs?
Globe
social
Goodwill, respect, trust, and teamwork among workers are all examples of ______ capital.
17. Agencies that establish ground rules under which organizations may operate are called:
Government regulators
8. Which of the following are groups that make up the task environment?
Government regulators, Local communities, Strategic allies
Human Relations Movement Time period
Great Depression
22. Munsterburg is important to the study of management because:
His ideas led to the field of industrial psychology
Power distance, uncertainty avoidance, institutional collectivism, in-group collectivism, gender egalitarianism, assertiveness, future orientation, performance orientation, humane orientation
House's nine cultural dimension
10. According to Nicholas Negroponte, what type of business trends will we have in the future when the global market is driven by electronic information?
Huge companies will merge into even larger companies. Small, fast moving start-up companies will succeed
Serves as a source for new ideas. Provides clues to the meaning of your managers' decisions. Provides a guide to action.
Identify benefits of studying different management perspectives from yesterday and today.
21. Which of the following is NOT 1 of the 5 reasons why a company may choose to expand internationally?
Improved international image
Managers and subordinates work together in unity
In Mary Parker Follett's version of organizations operating as communities, which of the following is true?
Identify the psychological conditions under which employees do their best work. Study jobs and determine which people are best suited for specific jobs. Devise management strategies to influence employees to follow management's interests.
In which ways did Munsterberg suggest that psychologists could contribute to industry?
Psychology Sociology Economics
Indicate which disciplines are considered to be behavioral sciences.
equipment money people raw materials
Indicate which items are considered inputs into a system.
25. In the _____ approach to solving ethical dilemmas there is the assumption that you will act ethically in the short run to avoid others harming you in the long run
Individual
Which four of the following are part of Houses's nine cultural dimensions?
Individualism versus Collectivism, Uncertainty avoidance, Power distance, and gender.
Computer software counterfeiting is especially prevalent in which of the following emerging markets? A) Mexico B) Japan C) Bolivia D) Indonesia
Indonesia
One of the positive effects that globalization has had on the U.S. economy is that:
Industries in overseas economies such as india have increased an become a bigger market for U.S. goods.
Sociocultural forces
Influences and trends originating in a country's, a society's, or a culture's human relationships and values that may affect an organization
Demographic forces
Influences on an organization arising from changes in the characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, ethnic origin, and so on
10. An organization who wants to outperform the competition employs which of the following:
Innovative ways to deliver new or better goods or services
27. According to Follettt, ____ is a process whereby conflicts should be resolved by having managers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that would satisfy both parties
Integration
2. Employees, owners, and the board of directors are _____ of an organization
Internal stakeholders
14. The process of overseeing operations in organizations doing business foreign countries is called ____ management.
International
The process of overseeing operations in organization doing business in foreign countries is called ______ management.
International
29. Changes in the global economic, political, legal, and technological systems that may affect an organization are called:
International forces
• Mintzberg's Three Managerial Roles
Interpersonal Roles Informational Roles Decisional Roles
Innovation
Introduction of something new or better, as in goods or services
An individual from a country with a high degree of political risk might most likely be from which of the following? A) Canada B) Singapore C) Iraq D) Japan
Iraq
Which of the following is true of a business code of ethics? A) It guides employee behavior in all situations. B) It guides employee behavior in some, but not all, situations. C) It is usually a poor guide for employee behavior. D) It is a cure-all for ethical dilemmas.
It guides employee behavior in all situations.
What is the purpose of IMF?
Its purpose is to assist in smoothing the flow of money between nations
All of the following are examples of global sourcing except ________. A) Mexican autoworkers manufacture generators in Mexico for General Motors B) Japanese workers are employed at a Toyota plant in central Japan C) Microsoft employs skilled workers in India for computer programming D) Massachusetts General Hospital employs doctors in the Philippines to read x-rays
Japanese workers are employed at a Toyota plant in central Japan
soldiering
John works as a mechanic at XYZ Auto. Most days, although he could work much more quickly and efficiently, he deliberately works at less capacity. Taylor would explain that John is __________.
33. When a US firm forms a partnership with a foreign company to share the risks and rewards of starting a new enterprise together in a foreign country it is called a strategic alliance or an _____ ______.
Joint venture
27. Which of the following ways of expanding internationally is likely to hold highest risk and investment for the organization?
Joint ventures
38. The _____ approach states that an ethical decision is a decision that is guided by the respect for impartial standards of fairness and equity.
Justice
Polychronic Time
Kind of time orientation common in Mediterranean, Latin America, and Arab cultures; preference for doing more than one thing at a time
14. An employee organization that represents hourly workers as opposed to salaried employees is called an _______.
Labor union
8. Scientific management emerged in the early 1900s as a way to combat which of the following basic economic problems?
Labor was in short supply
31. When one company allows a foreign company to pay it a fee to make or distribute the first companys product, without a requirement for profit sharing, it is called:
Licensing
___ is where a U.S. company allow a foreign company to pay it a fee to make a distribute its products or service, but without requiring a share of its profits.
Licensing
2. Planning, leading, organizing, and controlling are the four functions in the process of ____.
Management
The pursuit of organizational goals efficiently and effectively by integrating the work of people through: -planning -organizing -leading -controling the organizations resources
Management
34. ____ stresses the use of rational, science-based techniques, and mathematical models to improve decision making and strategic planning.
Management science
International Management
Management that oversees the conduct of operations in or with organizations in foreign countries, whether it's through a multinational corporation or multinational organization is known as ___
General Manager
Manager who is responsible for SEVERAL organizational activities
Functional Manager
Manager who is responsible for just ONE organizational activity
25. In Mary Follett's version of organizations operating as communities, which of the following is true?
Managers and subordinates work together in unity
23. Which of the following follows Mary Parker Follett's recommendation to managers?
Managers should work cooperatively with employees
o Geocentric managers
Managers who accept that there are differences and similarities between home and foreign personnel and practices and that they should use whatever techniques are most effective. accept that there are differences and similarities between home and foreign personnel and practices and that they should use whatever techniques are most effective.
Geocentric Managers
Managers who accept that there are similarities and differences between home and foreign personnel and practices and that they should use whatever techniques are most effective
o Ethnocentric manager
Managers who believe that their native country, culture, language, and/or behavior are superior to others. believe that their native country, culture, language, and behavior are superior to all others.
Polycentric Managers
Managers who take the view that native managers in foreign offices best understand native personnel and practices and so the home office should leave them alone
o Polycentric managers
Managers who take the view that native managers in foreign offices best understand native personnel and practices, and so the home office should leave them alone. take the view that native managers in the foreign offices best understand native personnel and practices, and so the home office should leave them alone. •
26. Increased damage from natural disasters as well as an apparently changing world climate have lead to the challenge of ____.
Managing for sustainability
38. Operations management focuses on:
Managing the production and delivery of an organizations products or services more efficently
23. The term to describe manufacturing plants that are allowed to operate in Mexico with special privileges in return for employing Mexican citizens is called ____.
Maquiladoras
_____________ posed the notion of a global village
Marshall McLuhan
facilitators
Mary Parker Follett felt that managers should act as ____________ rather than dictators.
• Masculinity/femininity—how much do people embrace stereotypical male or female traits
Masculinity expresses how much people value performance-oriented masculine traits, such as achievement, assertiveness, and material success. Countries with strong masculine preferences are Japan, Mexico, Austria, and Germany. Femininity expresses how much people embrace relationship-oriented feminine traits, such as cooperation and group decision making. Sweden, Norway, Thailand, Denmark, Costa Rica, and France are high on this cultural dimension.
31. The two theorists who contributed the most to the human relations movement were Abraham Maslow and Douglas _______, who developed the Theory X and Theory Y concepts.
McGregor
Glass Ceiling
Metaphor for an invisible barrier that makes it difficult for women and minorities to rise above a certain level in the organization.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) involves the United States, Canada, and:
Mexico
Which of the following best summarizes the argument in favor of microfinance? A) Microfinance ultimately leads to greater tax revenues for national governments. B) Microfinance don't need to be paid back in the event the borrower goes bankrupt. C) Microfinance allows the underprivileged to create businesses and improve their lives. D) Microfinance alleviates the pressure on MNEs to support developing economies.
Microfinance allows the underprivileged to create businesses and improve their lives.
o Informational Roles
Monitor, Disseminator, and Spokesperson The most important part of a manager's job, Mintzberg believed, is information handling, because accurate information is vital for making intelligent decisions. In their three informational roles. One of three types of managerial roles: managers receive and communicate information with other people inside and outside the organization as monitors, disseminators, and spokespersons—as monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson—managers receive and communicate information with other people inside and outside the organization
26. The ____ is one of four approaches to solving ethical dilemmas, wherein ethical behavior is guided by respect for the fundamental rights of human beings.
Moral rights approach
Leading
Motivating, directing, and otherwise influencing people to work hard to achieve organization's goals
16. A company that is a business firm with operations in several countires is an:
Multinational corporation
4. Wendy, a manager at target is able to influence customers, subordanites, and her peers. As a manager, her influence on the organization reaches far beyond the results that can be achieved by just one person acting alone. This example illustrates which concept?
Multiplier effect
Mexico eliminated nearly all tariffs on product imports from the United States as a result of which of the following? A) FDI B) WTO C) GATT D) NAFTA
NAFTA
o World Bank -
One of three principal organizations designed to facilitate international trade; its purpose is to provide low-interest loans to developing nations for improving transportation, education, health, and telecommunications. is to provide low-interest loans to developing nations for improving transportation, education, health, and
managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more efficiently
Operations management focuses on:
1. A(n) ____ is a group of people who work together to achieve some specific purpose
Organization
Indicate which item is NOT a requirement of the SOX Act of 2002
Organization must offer shares of stock to all employees as year-end bonuses.
28. When a company uses suppliers outside the company to provide goods and services, it is called _____.
Outsourcing
• 5 ways firms expand
Outsourcing, Importing Exporting, Licensing & Franchising, Joint Ventures, Wholly-Owned subsidiaries
4. The ______ of an organization consist of all those who can claim it as their legal problem
Owners
The ____ of an organization consists of all those who can claim it as their legal property
Owners
18. A narrow view in which people see things solely through their own perspective is called ___.
Parochialism
Competitors
People or organizations that compete for customers or resources
Stakeholders
People who interests are affected by an organization's activities
Management Process
Performing the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling necessary to get things done
1. Who is the author of the book, "The Practice of Management," Which proposed that management was one of the major social innovations of the 20th century and that is should be treated as a profession like medicine or law?
Peter Drucker
Four Functions of Management
Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling
Which of the following helps explain why India was once characterized by high country risk? A) Taxes and financial incentives benefit Indian businesses over foreign firms. B) Indian business leaders distrust most European corporations. C) Political leaders enacted laws targeted against foreign firms. D) Indian leaders fear the modern influences of American firms.
Political leaders enacted laws targeted against foreign firms.
28. Changes in the way politics shape laws and laws shape the opportunities for and threats to an organizations are called ____ - ______ forces.
Political-legal
19. _____ managers take the view that native managers in the foreign officers best understand native personnel and practices, and so the home office should leave them alone
Polycentric
____ expresses the degree to which a society's members accept unequal power among people, institutions, and organizations.
Power Distance
10. Taylor believed that by applying the four principles of science to prevent/eliminate soldiering:
Productivity would be increased
Which of the following explains why per-capita GDP converted at market exchange rates inaccurately depicts the potential of an emerging market? A) The market exchange rate does not take into consideration distribution and production costs for each nation. B) Products and services in emerging markets are priced significantly lower than they are in advanced economies. C) The per-capita GDP converted using PPP exchange rates provides a precise measure of consumer buying potential. D) Products manufactured in emerging markets are priced less than products that are imported outside of an economic bloc.
Products and services in emerging markets are priced significantly lower than they are in advanced economies.
5. In the for-profit world, the role of an owner in an organization is to make a(n) _______.
Profit
Project Management Software
Programs for planning and scheduling the people, costs, and resources to complete a project on time
19. Programs for planning and scheduling the people, costs, and resources to complete a project on time are called ____ software.
Project management
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Put into action in 1994; the trading bloc consisting of the US, Canada and Mexico
39. ____ is the ability of a product or service to meet customers needs
Quality
distinguishing them from competitors
Quality is seen as one of the most important ways of adding value to products and services, thereby ____________________________________.
40. Which of the following contemporary perspectives focused on qualtiy control, quality assurance, and total qualtiy management?
Quality-management viewpoint
What has been the impact of social democracy on international business relations in some European countries? A) Regulations have forced foreign firms to invest elsewhere. B) Politically conscious foreign firms invest in socialist nations. C) Low income tax rates have encouraged an influx of FDI. D) Political stability decreases the country risk of socialist nations.
Regulations have forced foreign firms to invest elsewhere.
Government Regulators
Regulatory agencies that establish ground rules under which organizations may operate
32. Which of the following is NOT one of the six forces within the general environment of busineses?
Religious
12. Foreign experience demonstrates which of the following five skills to management recruiters
Resourcefulness, Entrepreneurship, Inquisitiveness, Indepence, Adaptability
Which of the following are commonly demonstrated by foreign work experience?
Resourcefulness, Independence, and entrepreneurship.
40. A type of tariff that is intended to raise money for the government is a ____ tariff
Revenue
3. Electronic communications permit people to met and build relationships with each other. This has contributed to the ____.
Rise of the global village
According to ___, trust comes from delivering every day on what one promises, and involves constant communication, collaboration, and teamwork
Robert Hurley
Who started the GLOBE project?
Robert J House
4. The two original proponents of evidence-based management are:
Robert Sutton & Jeffrey Pfeffer
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
SELF Actualization Esteem Social Safety Physiological
39. The law establishing requirements for proper financial record keeping for public companies as well as penalties for noncompliance is the _____ Act.
Sarbanes oxley
Two brances of classical management
Scientific Administrative/Management
14. Frank and Lillian Gillbreth pioneered the ____ theory.
Scientific management
Labor was in short supply
Scientific management emerged in the early 1900s as a way to combat which of the following basic economic problems?
9. Taylor thought that ____ should be used toplan the work methods and ease the way for workers to do their jobs.
Scientific principles
. CAFTA-DR
Seven Countries of Central America The Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)Trade agreement involving the United States and Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua and which is aimed at reducing tariffs and other barriers to free trade.
o Conceptual skills
Skills that consist of the ability to think analytically, to visualize an organization as a whole and understand how the parts work together consist of the ability to think analytically, to visualize an organization as a whole and understand how the parts work together. Conceptual skills are particularly important for top managers, who must deal with problems that are ambiguous but that could have far-reaching consequences.
Technical Skills
Skills that consist of the job-specific knowledge needed to perform well in a specialized field
o Technical skills
Skills that consist of the job-specific knowledge needed to perform well in a specialized field consist of the job-specific knowledge needed to perform well in a specialized field. Having the requisite technical skills seems to be most important at the lower levels of management—that is, among first-line managers.
The Internet and World Wide Web allow almost anyone to be global. Which to of the following are two important results of this?
Small companies can get started more easily. Small companies can maneuver faster.
11. The internet and world wide web allow almost anyone to be global. Which two of the following are 2 important results?
Small companies can maneuver faster. Small companies can get started more easily
31. ___ forces are influences and trends originating in a country's, society's, or culture's human relationships and values that may affect an organization.
Sociocultural
33. Indicate which disciplines are considered to be behavioral sciences
Sociology, Psychology, Economics
13. Deliberately working at less than full capacity was called "____" by Frederick. W. Taylor
Soldiering
Entrepreneur
Someone who sees a new opportunity for a product or service and launches a business to try to realize it
Intrapreneur
Someone who works inside on existing organization who sees an opportunity for a product or a service and mobilizes the organization's resources to try to realize it
In purchasing power parity terms, which nation has the highest per-capita GDP? A) Brazil B) China C) Turkey D) South Korea
South Korea
18. The NRA, which lobbies government to create legislature that is favorable to gun owners and gun-related busiensses, is an example of :
Special interest group
open
The concept of ____ systems is based on a continuous feedback process in order to make sure that old mistakes are corrected and new mistakes are avoided.
28. The original investigation of the Hawthrone studies was:
The effects of lighting levels on worker productivity
6. The three events that Rosabeth Moss Kantor considered to be important factors for the emergence of the global economy are:
The end of communism in eastern Europe-The global trend of govts deregulating their economies-Countries of the Pacific Rim began to open their economies to foreign investors
feedback
The fourth part of a system that provides information about the reaction of the environment to the outputs and affects the inputs is called:
7. The increasing interaction of world economies is a key characteristic of:
The global economy
2. The "shrinking" of time & space as air travel and the electronic media make it easier for people of the owrld to communicate with one another is called:
The global village
Internal Dimensions of Diversity
The human differences that exert a powerful, sustained effect throughout every stage of people's lives (gender, age, race, etc.)
Douglas McGregor
The human relations movement theorist who developed the Theory X and Theory Y concepts was:
Global Economy
The increasing tendency of the economics of the world to interact with one another as one market instead of as many national markets
Global
The increasing tendency of the economy of the world to interact with one another as one market instead of many national markets is commonly referred to as the ___ economy.
What describes the levels or personal moral development proposed by Laurence Kohlber?
The individual follows the expectations of others, is guided by internal values, and follows rules
Free trade
The movement of goods among nations without political or economic obstruction is called ___
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
The notion that corporations are expected to go above and beyond following the law and making a profit to take actions that will benefit the interests of society as well as of the organization
the effects if lighting levels on worker productivity
The original investigation of the Hawthorne studies was:
transformation process
The part of a system that involves turning raw materials and knowledge into a new and different product or service is called:
Entrepreneurship
The process of taking risks to try to create a new enterprise
Total quality management Quality control Quality assurance
The quality-management viewpoint includes which three of the following concepts?
Exchange Rate
The rate at which one country's currency is exchanged for another country's currency
Which of the following are important developments that have contributed to globalization?
The rise of the "global village" and electronic commerce, the unification of the world market instead of many national ones, and the rise of both megrims and internet enabled minifirms worldwide.
quality control
The strategy for minimizing errors at each stage of production is called:
complexity theory
The study of how order and patterns arise from very complicated, apparently chaotic systems is called:
15. Administrative management is concerned with mangaging ________.
The total organization
Globalization
The trend of the world economy becoming a more interdependent system is called ___
lobalization
The trend of the world economy toward becoming a more interdependent system.—the trend of the world economy toward becoming a more interdependent system.
Jeffrey Pfeffer Robert Sutton
The two original proponents of evidence-based management are:
McGregor
The two theorists who contributed the most to the human relations movement were Abraham Maslow and Douglas ________, who developed the Theory X and Theory Y concepts.
Trade protectionism
The use of government regulations to limit the import of goods and services ___
o trade protectionism
The use of government regulations to limit the import of goods and services.—the use of government regulations to limit the import of goods and services •
Culture
The values, beliefs, attitudes, languages, symbols, rituals, behaviors and customs shared by a particular group of people and passed from one generation to the next.
Which of the following is the underlying principle of socialism? A) The welfare of individuals far outweighs the welfare of society. B) The well-being of the group supersedes the well-being of individuals. C) The rights of individuals should be balanced with societal needs. D) The state should protect itself from individual and group interests.
The well-being of the group supersedes the well-being of individuals.
• Uncertainty avoidance—how strongly do people desire certainty?
This dimension is about being comfortable with risk and uncertainty. Countries such as Japan, France, Greece, Portugal, and Costa Rica are very high in uncertainty avoidance, which expresses people's intolerance for uncertainty and risk. High uncertainty avoidance means people feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and support beliefs that promise certainty and conformity. Countries such as Sweden, India, the United States, Singapore, and Jamaica are very low on this dimension. Low uncertainty avoidance means that people have high tolerance for the uncertain and ambiguous.
Who created the "world is flat" phenomenon
Thomas Friedman
Owners
Those who can claim the organization as their legal property
Customers
Those who pay to use an organization's goods or services
nterpersonal Roles
Three Managerial Roles o Interpersonal Roles—Figurehead, Leader, and Liaison In their interpersonal roles. Of the three types of managerial roles, the roles in which managers interact with people inside and outside of their work units. The three interpersonal roles include figurehead, leader, and liaison activities, managers interact with people inside and outside their work units. The three interpersonal roles include figurehead, leader, and liaison activities.
1. The rise of the global village and electronic commerce, the world's becoming one market instead of many national ones and the rise of both megafirms and internet-enabled mini firms worldwide has contributed to virtually collasping ______.
Time and distance
True or False, one of the positive effects of globalization on the U/S economy is that foreign firms are building plants in the united states, revitalizing parts of industrial America
True
True or False: local communities can be affected greatly by the entrance or exit of large businesses in their communities
True
True
True or False: Virtual organization members can work from anywhere in the world as long as they can be connected to the Internet.
True
True or false: A supervisor who considers her employees to be unwilling to learn new things is a Theory X manager.
True
True or false: Abraham Maslow developed a hierarchy of human needs in an effort to explain motivation.
True
True or false: Employee satisfaction is considered an output of an organization.
False
True or false: Gary Hamel believes that management is static; most views and theories about management from the past still hold true today.
True
True or false: Joseph M. Juran suggested with his concept of "fitness for use" that the best way to focus a company's efforts was to concentrate on the real needs of customers.
True
True or false: Quantitative management is the application to management of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations.
True
True or false: Through the rational management of resources and the distribution of goods and services, operations management ensures that a company operates efficiently and effectively.
Maquiladoras
US manufacturing plants allowed to operate in Mexico with special privileges in return for employing Mexican citizens
the employee organization that represents hourly workers as opposed to salaried employees is called:
Union
19. Which one of the following is not one of the postive bureaucratic features according to Max Weber?
Use of scientific principles
Global Outsourcing
Using suppliers outside the United States to provide labor, goods, and/or services
E-Business
Using the internet to facilitate every aspect of running a business
23. The ____ approach to solving ethical dilemmas involves behavior being guided by what will result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Utilitarian
21. Relatively permanent and deeply held underlying beliefs and attitutudes that help determine a persons behavior are called:
Values
Which of the following countries is considered primarily socialist? A) Germany B) Canada C) Venezuela D) Libya
Venezuela
Joint venture
When a U.S. firm forms a partnership with a foreign company to share the risks and rewards of starting a new enterprise together in a foreign country it is called a strategic alliance or a(n) ___
Importing
When a company buys goods outside of its home country and then resell them domestically, it is ___ those good.
Outsourcing
When a company uses suppliers outside the company to provide goods and services, it is called ___
Henri Fayol Max Weber
Which individuals pioneered Administrative Management theory?
Contingency
Which management viewpoint asks the question: "What method is the best to use under these particular circumstances?
Behavioral viewpoint
Which management viewpoint placed emphasis on the importance of understanding human beings and the motivation and encouragement of employees toward achievement?
Contingency
Which management viewpoint would seem to be the most "practical" of all the ones discussed because it analyzes on a case-by-case basis and caries the solution accordingly?
Language, interpersonal space, religion, communication, time orientation
Which of the following are included in the five basic culture areas that are important in global management?
NAFTA, CAFTA-DR, EU, ASEAN, APEC, Mercosur
Which of the following are major trading blocs?
Outputs Transformation process Feedback Inputs
Which of the following are parts of a system?
Workers may act in a way that confirms the manager's expectations
Which of the following best describes the major contribution of McGregor's Theory X versus Theory Y?
Quality-management viewpoint
Which of the following contemporary perspectives focused on quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management?
Managers should work cooperatively with employees
Which of the following follows Mary Parker Follett's recommendation to managers?
Conflicts should be resolved by having managers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that would satisfy both parties. Organizations should be operated as "communities," with managers and subordinates working together in harmony. The work process should be under the control of workers with the relevant knowledge, instead of managers.
Which of the following ideas belonged to Follett's views on power sharing among employees and managers?
Withhold the workers pay if they do not perform the work methods according to the one best way.
Which of the following is NOT a step in Frederick W. Taylor's four-principle approach to scientific management?
An open system continually interacts with its environment.
Which of the following is correct regarding an open system?
Prepares you for every possible management issue that may arise.
Which of the following is not a reason to study the theoretical perspectives of management?
License, franchise, joint venture
Which of the following terms refer to a type of foreign enterprise (subsidiary) that is not owned entirely by the parent company?
Elton Mayo
Which of the following was a primary researcher of the Hawthorne studies?
Imaginative and creative Accepting of responsibility Capable of self-direction
Which of the following would be considered characteristics of Theory Y workers?
Peter Drucker
Who is the author of the book, "The Practice of Management," which proposed that management was one of the major social innovations of the 20th century and that it should be treated as a profession like medicine or law?
A ___ ___ subsidiary is a foreign subsidiary that is totally owned and controlled by an organization.
Wholly owned
Term that defines a foreign subsidiary that is totally owned and controlled by an organization?
Wholly-owned subsidiary.
The rules of origin requirement can best be defined as which of the following? A) a voluntary quota in which a firm agrees to limit some exports B) a formal permission must be obtained to import specific goods C) a certain amount of production must occur within an economic bloc D) a set number of exports must originate from either a bloc or a region
a certain amount of production must occur within an economic bloc
licensing
a company allows a foreign company to pay it a fee to make or distribute the first company's product or service
importing
a company buys goods outside the country and resells them domestically
exporting
a company produces goods domestically and sells them outside the country
Embargo
a complete ban on the import and/or export of certain products
embargo
a complete ban on the import or export of certain products
Dumping
a foreign company's practice of exporting products aboard at a price lower than the home-market price or even below the costs of production, in order to drive down the price of the domestic product
wholly owned subsidiary
a foreign subsidiary that is totally owned and controlled by an organization
greenfield venture
a foreign subsidiary that the owning organization has built from scrath
franchising
a form of licensing in which a company allows a foreign company to pay it a fee and a share of the profit in return for using the first company's brand name and a package of materials and services
Organization
a group of people who work together to achieve some specific purpose. A system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people
social responsibility
a manager's duty to take action that will benefit society's interest as well as the organization's
social responsibilty
a manager's duty to take actions that will benefit the interests of society as well as of the organization
GLOBE project
a massive and ongoing cross-cultural investigation of 9 cultural dimensions involved in leadership and organizational processes
multinational organization
a nonprofit organization with operations in several countries
distributors
a person or an organization that helps another organization sell its goods and services to customers
suppliers
a person or an organization that provides supplies such as raw materials, services, equipment, labor, or energy to other organizations
Distributor
a person or organization that helps another organization sell its goods and services to customers
Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)
a regional trade agreement between Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, & the United States
Panzi Scheme
a scheme is which cash is used from newer investors to pay off older ones
Ethical Dilemma
a situation in which a person must decide whether or not to do something that, although benefiting oneself or the organization, may be considered unethical and perhaps illegal
ethical dilemma
a situation in which you have to decide whether to pursue a course of action that may benefit you and your organization but is unethical or even illegal
Ethical Climate
a term that refers to employees perception about the extent to which work environments support ethical behavior
tariff
a trade barrier in the form of a customs duty, or tax, levied mainly on imports
Tariffs
a trade barrier in the form of a customs duty, or tax, or levied mainly of imports
Import Quota
a trade barrier in the form of a limit on the numbers of a product that can be imported
import quotas
a trade barrier in the form of a limit on the numbers of a product that can be imported
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
a trading bloc consisting of 11 countries
Which of the following will most likely be the result of an increased number of middle-class households in emerging markets? A) a vital market economy B) a decrease in GDP C) urbanization decline D) multi-income families
a vital market economy
Greenfield Adventures
a wholly-owned foreign subsidiary that the owning organization has built from scratch
4 componenets of TQM
a. make continuous improvement a priority b. get every employee involved c. listen to and learn from customers/employees d. use accurate standards to identify and elimate problem
What was going on during the Industrial Revolution?
ability of machine power, expansion of railroads
Values
abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations; the relatively permanent and deeply held underlying beliefs and attitudes that help determine a person's behavior
Geocentric managers
accept that there are differences and similarities between home and foreign personnel and practice and that they should use whatever techniques are most effective
geocentric managers
accept that there are differences and similarities between home and foreign personnel and practices and that they should use whatever techniques are most effective
32. Which of the following would be considered characteristic of Theory Y workers?
accepting responsbility -imaginative and creative -capable of self direction
Philanthropy
act of making charitable donations to benefit humankind
In the four-step framework for making ethical decisions, when should a decision be implemented and evaluated? A) immediately after the facts of the situation are obtained B) as the first step in the decision-making process C) immediately after all relevant persons have been consulted D) after alternative courses of action have been evaluated
after alternative courses of action have been evaluated
All of the following industries are particularly vulnerable to the threat of terrorism except A) agriculture B) entertainment C) retailing D) travel
agriculture
Tariff-based trade barriers can benefit young domestic-based companies by ________. A) allowing them time to expand and become competitive B) providing them with government subsidies C) instigating the growth of a solid infrastructure D) generating domestic and international sales
allowing them time to expand and become competitive
Macro environment
also called the general environment; includes six forces that indirectly affect all organizations
General Environment
also called the macroenvironement; includes six forces that indirectly affect all organizations
Strategic Alliance
also known as a joint venture!
Trading Bloc
also known as an economic community; a group of nations within a geographical region that have agreed to remove trade barriers with one another
joint venture
also known as strategic alliance with a foreign company to share the risks and rewards of starting a new enterprise together in a foreign country
trading bloc
also known economic community, is a group of nations within a geographic region that have agreed to remove trade barriers with one another
Whistle-Blower
an employee who reports organizational misconduct to the public
whistle-blower
an employee who reports organizational misconduct to the public
Joint Venture
an organization that joins forces with another organization to realize strategic advantages that neither could have achieved alone
small companies can get started more easily because?
anyone can put goods on the world wide web and sell their products.
organizing
arrange tasks, ppl, and other resources to accomplish work
The cultural dimension that represents the degree to which people are expected to be confrontational and competitive is called _____.
assertiveness
Tariffs which are ad valorem are ________. A) based on the weight or size of the imported product B) assessed as a percentage of the imported product's value C) intended to provide a steady flow of income for the government D) levied on specific imported and exported products
assessed as a percentage of the imported product's value
When making decisions regarding ethical business actions, managers should do which of the following? A) focus predominantly on whether the actions uphold accepted standards of fairness B) focus mainly on the company's obligations to produce profits for its shareholders C) place the highest emphasis on the company's ability to benefit the common good D) balance their obligation to shareholders with contributions to the public good
balance their obligation to shareholders with contributions to the public good
Counter trading
bartering goods for goods
countertrading
bartering goods for goods
Common law can best be described as a system ________. A) designed from political and legislative regulations B) derived from religious texts and systems C) developed and recorded in a systematic manner D) based on legal interpretations of judges
based on legal interpretations of judges
3. An organization that demonstrates efficiency uses means such as money, people, and materials to:
be cost effective
ethical behavior
behavior that is accepted as "right" as opposed to "wrong" according to those standards
internal locus of control
belief that you control your own destiny
Ethnocentric managers
believe that their native country, culture, language, and behavior are superior to all others
ethnocentric managers
believe that their native country, culture, language, and behavior are superior to all others
Archie B. Carroll
believes that a company's priorities should be as follows: 1. to be a global corporate citizen 2. be ethical 3. obey the law 4. make a profit
Multinational Corporations
business firm with operations in several countries
In India, estimated losses from copyright piracy are greatest in which of the following industries? A) entertainment software B) records and music C) books D) business software
business software
e-commerce
buying and selling of goods over computer networks
Importing
buying goods outside the country and reselling them domestically
Nontariff trade barriers have increased in popularity in part because they ________. A) generate profits for foreign firms B) can be concealed from the WTO C) are easy for governments to enforce D) reduce smuggling along borders
can be concealed from the WTO
An individual from a country with a low degree of political risk might most likely be from which of the following? A) Venezuela B) Canada C) Zimbabwe D) Iraq
canada
International Forces
changes in the economic, political, legal, and technological global system that may affect an organization
International forces
changes in the economic, political, legal, and technological global system that may affect an organization
international forces
changes in the economic, political, legal, and technological global system that may affect an organization
Political-Legal Forces
changes in the way politics shape laws and laws shape the opportunities for and threats to an organization
Political-Legal forces
changes in the way politics shape laws and laws shape the opportunities for and threats to an organization
political-legal forces
changing in the way politics shape laws and laws shape the opportunities for and threats to an organization
29) Which of the following nations is the largest emerging market? A) China B) Russia C) Brazil D) India
china
Which of the following countries has the highest level of piracy in records and music? A) China B) Malaysia C) India D) Brazil
china
3 branches of historical theme of management
classical behavioral quantitative
Legal precedents and past practices are characteristic of which legal system? A) common B) religious C) socialist D) civil
common
Which of the following standards for examing ethical dilemmas reflects the view that actions should be based on the welfare of the entire community or nation? A) rights approach B) utilitarian approach C) common good approach D) virtue approach
common good approach
people or organizations that compete for customers or resources are called:
competitors
Total Quality Management (TQM)
comprehensive dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction
databases
computerized collections of interrelated files
All of the following characterize the Grameen Bank except ________. A) over 2,500 branch banks B) provides small loans C) started in India in 1974 D) concept of the Gates Foundation
concept of the Gates Foundation
Administrative Management
concerned with managing the total organization
Which of the following is the least adversarial method of resolving a contractual dispute? A) trial B) arbitration C) litigation D) conciliation
conciliation
economic forces
consist of general economic conditions and trends such as unemployment, inflation, interest rates, economic growth, that may affect an organization's performance
conceptual skills
consist of the ability to think analytically, to visualize an organization as a whole and understand how the parts work together
human skills
consist of the ability to work well in the cooperation with other people to get things done
technical skills
consist of the job-specific knowledge needed to perform well in a specialized field
tasks enviornment
consists of 11 groups that present you with daily tasks to handle: customers, competitors, suppliers, distributors, strategic allies, employee organizations, local communities, financial institutions, government regulators, special-interest groups, and mass media
European Union
consists of 27 trading partners in Europe covering nearly 500 million consumers
code of ethics
consists of a formal written set of ethical standards guiding an organization's actions
owners
consists of all those who can claim it as their legal property
internal stakeholders
consists of employees, owners, and the board of directors, if any
the major difference between the task environment and general is that one has no ______ over the general environment
control
Which of the following protects books and software from unauthorized use?
copyright
An emerging market's lack of transparency may suggest which of the following? A) accountability B) bureaucracy C) corruption D) expertise
corruption
the abuse of power to achieve illegitimate personal gain
corruption
Managers sometimes use the utilitarian approach by using a ___ analysis of efficiency and profit to define what constitutes "the greatest good for the greatest number"
cost-benfit
___ is the bartering of goods for goods.
counter-trading
The process of reproducing assets without compensating those who originally created them is known as
counterfeiting
Which of the following is occasionally used to offset subsidies? A) prohibitive tariffs B) investment incentives C) countervailing duties D) antidumping duties
countervailing duties
A company's potential loss of profitability caused by a nation's political or legal setting is known by which of the following terms? A) commercial risk B) currency risk C) cross-cultural risk D) country risk
country risk
Which of the following countries would be least likely to experience rampant corruption? A) a country with minimal laws against corruption B) a country that widely publicizes its financial accounting C) a country run by a military dicatorship, with no elected leaders D) a country with high trade barriers and limited regional commerce
country that widely publicizes its financial accounting
The Chinese government's policy of requiring foreign firms to enter the Chinese market via joint ventures is intended to ________. A) limit the amount of FDI B) create jobs for Chinese workers C) protect China's national security D) stimulate foreign investment
create jobs for Chinese workers
One of the most important success factors in a foreign assignment is ____ adaptability.
cultural
High-Context Culture
culture in which people rely heavily on situational cues for meaning when communicating with others
All of the following are country risks in international business except ________. A) government bureaucracy B) inadequate law enforcement C) government mismanagement D) currency exchange rate
currency exchange rate
Which of the following is not an internal stakeholder?
customers
those who pay to use an organizations services or buy their goods are called:
customers
) Which of the following is the term for checkpoints at the ports of entry in each country where government officials inspect imported products and levy tariffs? A) domestic lines B) customs C) quotas D) duties
customs
Which form of government is characterized by private property rights and limited government? A) autocratic B) democratic C) socialist D) totalitarian
democratic
27. Influences on an organization arising from changes in the characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethic origin, are called ____ forces
demographic
strategic allies
describes the relationship of two organizations that join forces to achieve advantages neither can perform as well alone
Strategic Allies
describes the relationship of two organizations who join forces to achieve advantages neither can perform as well alone
International Monetary Fund
designed to assist in smoothing the flow of money between nations
World Trade Organization (WTO)
designed to monitor and enforce trade agreements
Nations having the poorest infrastructures and lowest personal incomes are called ________. A) developed countries B) newly industrialized countries C) emerging markets D) developing countries
developing countries
Which of the following economies is typically characterized by stagnant productivity? A) advanced economy B) transition economy C) developing economy D) emerging markets
developing economy
An ethical relativist would most likely argue that ethical truths are ________. A) consistent in application B) different from group to group C) based on ancient principles D) absolute across societies
different from group to group
Which of the following trends supports improving economic conditions in Africa? A) direct investment from abroad B) high unemployment C) a decline in Botswana's diamond trade D) the substantial infrastructure for landline telephones
direct investment from abroad
a person or an organization that helps another organization sell its goods and serves to customers is called:
distributor
The purpose of protectionism is to protect ________. A) domestic industries from foreign competitors B) foreign firms from domestic competition C) domestic exports from high production costs D) foreign and domestic firms from labor unions
domestic industries from foreign competitors
The buying and selling of products and services through computer networks is called:
e-comerse
A firm that focuses on job creation in its local market is pursuing which of the following types of sustainability interests?
economic
general economic conditions and trends including unemployment, inflation, IR, and economic growth that affect an organization's performance are called:
economic
sustainability
economic development that meets the needs of the presents without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
The extent to which a society should minimize discrimination and role inequalities between men and women is called gender ____.
egalitarianism
E-Commerce
electronic commerce; the buying and selling of goods and services over computer networks
E-Commerce
electronic commerce; the buying and selling of goods and services over public and private computer networks
electronic mail; text messages and documents transmitted over a computer network
South Korea has become a global leader in which of the following industries? A) textiles B) automobiles C) pharmaceuticals D) electronics
electronics
43. A ban on the import or export of certain products is called an _____.
embargo
Behavioral viewpoint
emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and of motivating employees toward achievement. developed over 3 phases 1. early behaviorism 2. Human Relations movement (great depression) 3. behavioral science
Scientific Management
emphasized the scientific study of work methods to improve productivity of individual workers
Classical Viewpoint
emphasizes finding ways to manage work more efficiently 1. scientific 2. administrative
in many of today's forward-looking organizations, _______ are considered the most important resource a company has
employees
"Hawthrone Effect"
employees work harder if they receive additional attention and if they thought managers cared about their welfare
A manager who wished to learn about country risk in a host country would most likely consult which of the following? A) analysis records of competitor firms B) employees working in the host country C) host country nationals working abroad D) employees working in the parent country
employees working in the host country
What are the four decision-making roles?
entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator & negotiator
Moral principles and values governing behavior regarding right and wrong are known as
ethics
Jeffrey Pfeffer and Robert Sutton
evidence based management theorists
The ____ rate is the current rate at which one country's currency can be traded for another country's currency.
exchange
Susan is an American manager working in a foreign country; therefore Susan is a(n) ____.
expatriate
Which of the following entry strategies do most firms use if high tariffs are not an issue? A) FDI B) licensing C) joint ventures D) exporting
exporting
Domestically produced goods that are sold outside of the country are called:
exports
power distance
expresses the degree to which a society's members expect power to be unequally shared
future orientation
expresses the extent to which a society encourages and rewards its members for performance improvement and excellence
uncertainty avoidance
expresses the extent to which a society relies on social norms and procedures to alleviate the un predictability of future events
gender egalitarianism
expresses the extent to which a society should minimize gender discrimination and roles inequalities
institution collectivism
expresses the extent to which individuals are encouraged and reward for loyalty to the group as opposed to pursuing individual goals
in-group collectivism
expresses the extent to which people should take pride in being members of their family, circle of friends, and work organization
The task environment and the general environment together comprise the
external environment
People or groups in the organization's outside environment that are affected by activities within the organization are called:
external stakeholders
Which of the following terms is used to refer to the application of home-country laws to conduct outside of national borders? A) anti-boycott regulations B) extraterritoriality C) transparency D) international contracts
extraterritoriality
A company's code of ethics is a cure for all of its ethical dilemmas.
false
A countervailing duty slows the import of products or services and hinders the investment activities of firms.
false
Common law originated in Rome and can be found in France, Germany, and Latin America.
false
Currency controls harm companies that export products, but favor companies that rely heavily on imported parts and components.
false
Demands for automobiles and computers by the middle class in emerging markets constitute the majority of total U.S. exports.
false
Ethical dilemmas are similar to legal questions in that there are clear-cut right and wrong behaviors in every international business situation.
false
Expropriation is the term used to describe a host-country government seizing the assets of a foreign corporation and providing no compensation in return.
false
Foreign direct investment is high in developing economies despite the bureaucratic difficulties that many firms face.
false
Governments intervene in international trade and investments in order to protect the interests of foreign investment firms.
false
In emerging markets, foreign firms benefit from the large number of well-qualified business partners available for networking and marketing purposes.
false
In resolving ethical dilemmas, the opinions of individuals involved are more important than the facts of the situation.
false
Intellectual property rights developed in one country are guaranteed throughout the world.
false
Like most legal systems, Islamic law evolves with changing times to better meet the needs of Islamic society.
false
Multinational businesses typically develop several codes of ethics, each designed to guide their companies in different situations.
false
Nations with economies based on agriculture and textile manufacturing generate more economic revenue than nations dependent on high-tech industries.
false
Per-capita GDP adjusted for purchasing power parity provides a less accurate estimate of an emerging market's potential than the per-capita GDP adjusted for market exchange rates.
false
Practicing sustainability typically increases production costs but has the benefit of smoothing out relations with foreign governments.
false
Products assembled in foreign trade zones are subject to reduced duties and taxes.
false
Soon after gaining independence from Britain, India adopted a model of free trade and opened its markets to international trade and investment.
false
Standards of ethical behavior are universal worldwide.
false
The protection of intellectual property rights is guaranteed and enforceable in nearly every country in the world.
false
To ensure they are upholding ethical standards, international firms should focus exclusively on obeying the laws of their host countries
false
Banks, savings and loans, and credit unions are all examples of ____ institutions, one group of stakeholders within the task environment
financial
global economic interdependency can be dangerous because
financial crises through the world resulted in vast surplus funds from global investments flowing into the US and being invested badly in a housing-and-2007-2009 great recession that hurt so many people
Innovation
finding ways to deliver new or better goods or services is called innovation
Quality Assurance
focuses on performance of workers, urging employees to strive for zero defects --- less successful becuase often employees have no control over the design of the work process
mutual-benefit organizations
for aiding people -mutual benefit organizations are voluntary collections of members whose purpose is to advance members' interests. (ex: political parties, farm cooperatives, labor unions, trade associations, clubs)
for-profit organizations
for making money
nonprofit organizations
for offering services -may be in the public or private sector (ex: public-University of California, private-Stanford University) -managers in nonprofit organizations are often known as administrators
NAFTA
formed in 1994, the North American Trade Agreement is a trading bloc consisting of the US, Canada, and Mexico
Robert Katz
found that through education and experience managers acquire three principal skills-technical, conceptual, and human
Hofstede Model of Four Cultural Dimensions
four dimensions along which national cultures can be placed 1. individualism/collectivism 2. power distance 3. uncertainty avoidance, 4. masculinity/femininity
Totalitarian states are characterized by all of the following except ________. A) dictator-led state political party B) state-supported religious ideology C) state-regulated public behavior D) free flow of information in the mass media
free flow of information in the mass media
The movement of goods among nations without political or economic obstruction is called ____ ____.
free trade
Nations that initiate strategic policies for the development of high value-adding industries often do all of the following except ________. A) subsidize investments in high-tech industries B) invest in the public education system C) encourage citizens to save money D) fund large-scale public works projects
fund large-scale public works projects
Economic Forces
general economic conditions and trends (unemployment, inflation, interest rates, economic growth) that may affect an organization's performance
• Economic forces
general economic conditions/trends - unemployment, inflation, interest rates, economic growth - that may affect an organization's performance
Ethics
generally accepted standards of right and wrong that influence behavior; these standards may vary among countries and cultures
When using the four-step framework for making ethical decisions, which step involves investigating which individuals have a stake in the outcome? A) get the facts B) implement a decision C) evaluate alternatives D) recognize the ethical problem
get the facts
The increasing tendency of the economies of the world to interact with one another as one market instead of many national markets is commonly referred to as the ____ economy.
global
____ is the trend toward world economies becoming a more interdependent system.
globalization
Which of the following best explains the growth of family conglomerates in emerging markets? A) domestic investment B) foreign investment C) competitive market D) government protection
government protection
Which of the following is an element of socialism often found in democratic societies? A) government subsidies for foreign firms B) government sponsored businesses C) government regulation of the public sector D) government control of information technology
government regulation of the public sector
Firms are most often prevented from doing business in developing economies by ________. A) small pools of labor B) government regulations C) regional integration D) terrorism and war
government regulations
agencies that establish ground rules under which organizations may operate are called _____
government regulators
A ____ ____ is a foreign subsidiary that the owning organization has built from scratch.
greenfield venture
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
group of 21 Pacific Run countries whose purpose is to improve economic and political ties
organization
group of ppl who work together to achieve a specific goal
Special-interest groups
groups whose members try to influence specific issues
special-interest groups
groups whose members try to influence specific issues, some of which may affect your organization
justice approach
guided by respect for impartial standards of fairness and equity
moral-rights approach
guided by respect for the fundamental rights of human beings
utilitarian approach
guided by what will result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people
individual approach
guided by what will result in the individual's best long-term interests, which ultimately are in everyone's self-interest
Which of the following terms is used to refer to the worldwide classification system used to determine a product's tariff? A) harmonized tariff B) protective tariff C) revenue tariff D) specific tariff
harmonized tariff
Abraham MASLOW
hierarchy of needs physiological safety love esteem self-actualization
In Mexico, a ___ culture, people often rely on situational cues such as status or family connections to determine meaning when communicating with others.
hig-context
Which of the following is often a result of protectionist policies? A) higher prices of domestic goods B) lower prices of domestic goods C) shortage of domestic goods D) surplus of domestic goods
higher prices of domestic goods
All of the following characterize emerging markets except ________. A) highly developed industry B) high trade volume C) expanding middle class D) improved living conditions
highly developed industry
2 principal themes of management:
historical contemporary
In for-profit organization how is success measured?
how much profit (or loss) it generates
a society that encourages people to be caring, kind, friendly, fair, and generous is said to have a
human orientation
Henri Fayol
identified major functions of management planning organizing leading controlling
When Bulgaria and Romania joined the EU they improved their economies because they had to do which of the following? A) attain additional government subsidies B) modify their political infrastructure C) implement EU monetary and trade policies D) compete for business against large EU nations
implement EU monetary and trade policies
middle managers (plant managers, district managers, regional managers or clinic managers for non profit)
implement the policies and plans of the top managers above them and supervise and coordinate the activities of the first-line managers below them
Knowledge Management
implementation of systems and practices to increase the sharing of knowledge and information throughout an organization; also the development of an organizational structure
knowledge management
implementing of systems and practices to increase the sharing of knowledge and information throughout and organization
When a company buys goods outside of its home country and then resells them domestically, it is ____ those goods.
importing
The extent to which people should take pride in being members of their family, circle of close friends, and their work organization is called ______ _____ collectivism.
in group
high context culture
in which people rely heavily on situational cues for meaning when communicating with others
External Dimensions of Diversity
include an element of choice: they consist of the personal characteristics that people acquire, discard, or modify throughout their lives
general environment also known as the macroenvironment
includes 6 forces: 1. economic 2. technological 3. sociocultural 4. demographic 5. political-legal 6. international
Each of the following is helpful for reducing corruption except ________. A) consistently enforced anticorruption laws B) governments committed to above-the-board practices C) highly transparent accounting systems D) independence from the global economy
independence from the global economy
Sociocultural Forces
influences and trends originating in a country's, a society's, or a culture's human relationships and values that may affect an organization
sociocultural forces
influences and trends originating in a country's, a society's, or a culture's human relationships and values that may affect an organization
Demographic forces
influences on an organization arising from changes in the characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, or ethnic origin
demographic forces
influences on an organization arising from changes in the characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, or ethnic origin
Which of the following terms is used to refer to unofficial economic transactions?
informal economy
45) Which of the following is a benefit to foreign firms that form alliances with local companies in emerging markets? A) protection against bribery B) more rapid customs clearance C) information about the local market D) strategies for exporting goods
information about the local market
The Index of Economic Freedom uses all of the following criteria in its assessment except ________. A) rule of law B) infrastructure C) level of trade barriers D) level of business regulation
infrastructure
Each of the following represents a core CSR value except ________ A) eliminating child labor B) guarding against corruption C) protecting the environment D) inhibiting labor unions
inhibiting labor unions
Globe Project
invented by Robert J House, is a massive and ongoing cross-cultural investigation of nine cultural dimensions involved in leadership and organizational processes
A political system includes each of the following except ________. A) lobbying groups B) trade unions C) legislative bodies D) investment banks
investment banks
Multinational organization
is a nonprofit organization with operations in several countries
outsourcing
is defined as using suppliers outside the company to provide goods and services
international management
is management that oversees the conduct of operations in or with organizations in foreign countries, whether it's through a multinational corporation or a multinational organization
Efficiency
is the means of attaining the organization's goals
Effectivness
is the organization's ends, the goals. To be effective To achieve results, to make the right decisions, and to successfully carry them out so that they achieve the organization's goals means to achieve results, to make the right decisions and to successfully carry them out so that they achieve the organization's goals.
culture
is the shared set of beliefs, values, knowledge, and patterns of behavior common to a group of people
global economic interdependency can also be dangerous because
it causes well-paying jobs to be outsourced to overseas
Douglas MCGREGOR
its not enough for managers to try and be liked-- they need to be aware of their attitudes towards their employees Theory X & Y
When a U.S. firm forms a partnership with a foreign company to share the risks and rewards of starting a new enterprise together in a foreign country it is called a strategic alliance or a(n) ____ ____.
join venture
5 culture variations
language interpersonal space communication time orientation religion
A command economy can be characterized by all of the following except ________. A) a totalitarian based environment B) limited government intervention C) state-driven industrial development D) extensive bureaucratic system
limited government intervention
Repatriation laws affect MNEs that earn profits in foreign countries by A) enforcing strict stipulations on cross-border transactions and joint ventures B) limiting the amount of net income and dividends that can be transferred to the home-country headquarters C) restricting the amount of money that can be re-invested into the foreign facility D) imposing restrictions on the distribution of products from the foreign facility
limiting the amount of net income and dividends that can be transferred to the home-country headquarters
Many firms have successfully lowered trade and investment barriers by ________. A) entering joint ventures with competitors B) petitioning the World Trade Organization C) lobbying foreign and domestic governments D) obtaining advice from customs attorneys
lobbying foreign and domestic governments
All of the following are typical characteristics of emerging markets except ________. A) low inward foreign direct investment B) rapid industrialization C) moderate competition D) rapidly declining trade barriers
low inward foreign direct investment
Which of the following characteristics best equip new emerging market MNEs to compete against MNEs that have long-term experience in the global market? A) brand recognition, large market share, and skilled workers B) low-cost labor, family conglomerates, and government support C) market research, customer service, and brand loyalty D) government funding, high wages, and value-chain diversification
low-cost labor, family conglomerates, and government support
30) Which of the following is one of the reasons that emerging markets act as manufacturing bases for global MNEs? A) minimal trade restrictions B) low-wage, skilled labor pool C) well-developed infrastructure D) strong intellectual property laws
low-wage, skilled labor pool
maquiladoras is an example of ___
lower labor costs
The stakeholders of a company include all of the following except ________. A) loyal customers of the company's main competitor B) members of the company's board of directors C) the company's CEO and senior managers D) individuals who are company shareholders
loyal customers of the company's main competitor
top managers
make long-term decisions about the overall direction of the organization and establish the objectives, policies, and strategies for it
first-line managers
make short-term operating decisions, directing the daily tasks of non managerial personnel-where you start your career as a manager
philanthropy
making charitable donations to benefit humankind
general administrative theory looks at the _____ side
management
Gary Hamel
management ideas are not fixed they are a process
international management
management that oversees the conduct of operations in or with organizations in foreign countries, whether it's a multinational corporation or a multinational organization
project manager
manager who achieves a set of goals by planning, scheduling, and maintaining progress of the activities that constitute a project
Social Responsibility
manager's duty to take action that will benefit society's interests as well as the organizations
functional manager
managers who are responsible for just one activity
maquiladoras
manufacturing plants allowed to operate in Mexico with special privileges in return for employing Mexican citizens
The ban on cigarette advertisements in France falls under which of the following categories? A) environmental laws B) product and liability laws C) foreign investment laws D) marketing and distribution laws
marketing and distribution laws
Evidence Based Management
means translating principles based on the best evidence into organizational practice, bringing rationality to the decision making process
All of the following are typical characteristics of advanced economies except ________ A) democratic governments B) capitalist economies C) medium trade volume D) few trade restrictions
medium trade volume
sustainability
meeting humanity's needs without harming future generations "going green"
Quality Control
minimizing errors by managing each stage of production (1930s bell telephone labs)
Which of the following is an example of an environmental sustainability interest? A) providing employees educational opportunities B) developing public works in a community C) optimizing diversity in hiring D) minimizing pollutants in manufacturing
minimizing pollutants in manufacturing
controlling
monitor performance, compare it with goals, and take corrective action as needed
controlling
monitor performance, compare it with goals, and take corrective actions as needed
controlling
monitoring performance, comparing goals, and taking corrective action as needed
When Matt was eating with Susan, he focused exclusively on the meeting. He did not check his incoming texts or respond to a phone call. This reflects a preference for _____.
monochromic type
A business code of ethics functions as which of the following? A) mission statement B) moral compass C) strategic plan D) map of goals and objectives
moral compass
Adam Smith/Division of labor
more productive specialization of labor no time lost changing tasks
leading
motivate, direct, and otherwise influence ppl to work hard to achieve the organization's goals
United States laws limit foreign investments that might affect which of the following areas? A) immigration reform B) labor negotiations C) national security D) rate of inflation
national security
Technological forces
new developments in methods for transforming resources into goods and services Which technological forces are changing how education is being "delivered"?
Technological Forces
new developments in methods for transforming resources into goods or services
technological forces
new developments in the methods for transforming resources into goods and services
Multinational Organization
nonprofit organization with operations in several countries
A government policy that impedes trade through means other than explicit taxes is known as a ________. A) quota B) tariff C) price restriction D) nontariff trade barrier
nontariff trade barrier
All of the following occurred as a result of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act except ________. A) bank closures B) record high tariffs C) normal trade relations D) fewer farm exports
normal trade relations
• Henry Fayol
o -French engineer and industrialist o -first to identify the major functions of management o •Planning, organizing, leading, controlling & coordinating
• Total Quality Management
o -comprehensive approach-led by top management and supported throughout the organization-dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction
• Elton Mayo
o -conducted several productivity studies at the Hawthorne Plant of Western Electric Co. in Illinois
• Contingency Theory
o -emphasizes that a manager's approach should vary according to the individual and the environmental situation o -most practical because it addresses problems on a case-by-case basis
• Hawthorne Effect
o -employees worked harder if... o -....they received special attention from supervisors and... o ....thought that managers cared about their welfare
• Systems Thinking
o -regards the organization as a system of interrelated parts o -collection of subsystems o -part of the larger environment
• Importance of Boards of Directors
o Board members are very important in setting the organization's overall strategic goals and in approving the major decisions and salaries of top management.
• The 'three skills managers need'
o Technical skills o Human skills
o corporate social responsibility (CSR)
o corporate social responsibility (CSR) - The notion that corporations are expected to go above and beyond following the law and making a profit, to take actions that will benefit the interests of society as well as of the organization., the notion that corporations are expected to go above and beyond following the law and making a profit.
• Mary Parker Follet
o Øsocial worker and social philosopher o 1.Organizations should be operated as "communities" o 2.Conflicts should be resolved by having managers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that would satisfy both parties • ØDomination, compromise, integrative solutions • ØInspired work in negotiation and conflict resolution o 3.The work process should be under control of workers with relevant knowledge
Lillian Gilbreth
o •1st woman to earn a Ph.D. in Industrial Psych. & to join the Society of Mechanical Engineers o •First "Superwoman" who balanced work & home • -12 children & ran a consulting practice • -Purdue: Professor of Management & 1st female Prof. of Engineering • -Designed kitchens & appliances for GE o •Focused on human side of management • -Office communication, incentive programs, job satisfaction & training o •Convinced U.S. government to pass laws • -Worker safety, child labor & ergonomics
• Max Weber
o •Weber believed that a bureaucracy was a rational, efficient, ideal organization based on the principles of logic o •Bureaucracy → good
39) Which of the following would most likely be considered an appropriate action for a multinational company in meeting its global corporate social responsibility obligations? A) lowering production costs for specific manufactured items B) improving the efficiency of assembly line operations C) developing a strategic plan to enter an emerging market D) offering jobs to assist local workers in rising out of poverty
offering jobs to assist local workers in rising out of poverty
Outsourcing certain value-added activities with foreign suppliers is known as ________.
offshoring
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
often shorten to SarbOx, or SOX, established requirements for proper financial record keeping for public companies and penalties of as much as 25 years in prison for noncompliance
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
often shortened to Sarbox or SOX; act establishing requirements for proper financial record keeping for public companies and penalties for moncomplice
First-Line Managers
one of the three managerial levels; also called supervisory managers; they make the short-term operating decisions, directing the daily tasks of nonmangerial personnel
World Trade Organization
one of the three principal organizations designed to facilitate international trade; it is designed to monitor and enforce trade agreements
World Bank
one of the three principal organizations designed to facilitate international trade; its purpose is to provide low-interest loans to developing nations for improving transportation, education, health, and telecommunications
decisional role
one of the three types of managerial roles; managers use information to make decisions to solve problems or take advantage of opportunities.
Middle Manager
one of three managerial levels; they implement the policies and plans of the top managers above them and supervise and coordinate the activities of the first-line managers below them
Top Managers
one of three managerial levels; they make the long-term decisions about the overall direction of the organization and establish the objectives, policies, and strategies for it
Which of the following is an example of a corporate human rights violation? A) operating a factory that pollutes the air B) selling a defective product C) operating a sweatshop factory D) failing to make foreign tax payments
operating a sweatshop factory
e-commerce
or electronic commerce, the buying and selling of products and services through computer networks
Theory Y
outlook of human relations proponents-- an optimistic, positive view. capable of accepting responsibility, self-direction, self-control, being imaginative and creative.
When a company uses supplier outside the company to provide goods and services, it is called ___.
outsourcing
Americans with Disabilities Act
passed by the US Congress in 1992, act prohibits discrimination against the disabled
A ________ is a right granted to the inventor of a product or process that excludes others from making, using, or selling the invention.
patent
Expatriates
people living or working in a foreign country
expatriates
people living or working in a foreign country
competitors
people or an organization that compete for customers or resources
External Stakeholders
people or groups in the organization's external environment that are affected by it; this environment includes the task environment and the general environment
the extent to which a society encourages and rewards members for improvement and excellence in called ____ orientation.
performance
Theory X
pessimistic negative view of workers. workers are considered to be irresponsible, resistant to change, lack ambition, hate work, be lead, not lead.
Four Management Functions
planning, organizing, leading, controlling
Country risk is also referred to as which of the following? A) political risk B) multilateral risk C) government risk D) legal factor risk
political risk
Which of the following is typically correlated with developing economies? A) large elderly population B) few natural resources C) lack of cultural history D) poor education systems
poor education systems
What is the primary ethical concern regarding the import of products from poor countries? A) poor nations face higher tariffs than developed nations B) nations lacking economic freedom cannot afford to export C) emerging nations lack the revenue to pay high tariffs D) impoverished countries face more import regulations
poor nations face higher tariffs than developed nations
Emerging markets are important in international business and trade due to their high representative percentage in which of the following categories?
population
external stakeholders
ppl or groups in the organization's external environment that are affected by it
high-context culture
ppl rely heavily on situational cues for meaning when communication with others, relying on nonverbal cues as to another person's official position, status, or family connections
polychromic time
preference for doing more than one thing at a time
monochromic time
preference for doing one thing at a time
6. Which of the following is NOT a reason to study the theoretical perspectives of management?
prepares you for every possible management issue that may arise
Which of the following is a method used by some manufacturers to avoid paying high tariffs? A) produce a small number of high-quality items B) produce a large number of less expensive items C) employ low-cost workers in the export location D) ship products to fewer international locations
produce a small number of high-quality items
Exporting
producing goods domestically and selling them outside the country
In the for-profit world, the role of an owner in an organization is make a....
profit
In the for-profit world, the role of an owner in an organization is to make a ____
profit
project management software
programs for planning and rescheduling the people, costs, and resources to complete a project on time
Define: Human Relations Movement
proposed that better human relations could increase worker productivity
Laurence Kohlberg
proposed three levels of personal moral development 1. preconventional *(follows rules) 2. conventional *(follows expectations of others) 3. post conventional *(guided by internal values)
Advocates of government intervention in international trade argue that blocking imports will ________. A) reduce manufacturing and distribution costs B) protect home-country employment opportunities C) encourage manufacturers to outsource jobs D) limit intellectual property theft
protect home-country employment opportunities
) Import substitution failed during the 1950s in Latin America because ________. A) products manufactured domestically were not of the same quality as imports B) protected enterprises required constant subsidizing and never competed globally C) high quotas and tariffs did not generate enough revenue to support the government D) local manufacturing firms required parts and labor from other nations
protected enterprises required constant subsidizing and never competed globally
Tariffs helped Japan rise from poverty after World War II by ________. A) subsidizing automobile and shipbuilding firms B) encouraging the development of importing firms C) increasing revenue for national strategic policies D) protecting the nation's infant industries
protecting the nation's infant industries
2. Identify benefits of studying different management perspectives from yesterday today
provides clues to the meaning of your managers decisions, provides a guide to action, serves as a source for new ideas
World Bank
provides low-interest loans to developing nations for improving transportations, education, health, and telecommunications
Where do behavioral science approach disciplines come from
psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics
3 parts of Quality Management
quality control, quality assurance, TQM
A quantitative restriction on specific imports for a set period of time is known by which of the following terms? A) tariff B) quota C) investment barrier D) country risk
quota
Which of the following is a nontariff trade barrier? A) import duty B) franchise tax C) quota D) export duty
quota
When applying the four-step framework for making ethical decisions, which step should managers take first? A) evaluate alternatives B) get the facts C) recognize the ethical problem D) implement a decision
recognize the ethical problem
Which of the following is a benefit to a foreign firm collaborating with a family conglomerate in an emerging market? A) reduced capital requirements B) improved taxation status C) protected intellectual property D) limited counterfeiting risks
reduced capital requirements
Boycotts and protests have the potential to harm businesses by A) preventing businesses from shipping their products to foreign markets B) reducing sales and requiring additional public relations activity C) destroying the ability of a firm to carry on normal business operations D) raising concerns about a firm's foreign operations by initiating lawsuits
reducing sales and requiring additional public relations activity
global village
refers to the "shrinking" of time and space as air travel and the electronic media have made it easier for the ppl around the globe to communicate with one another
• Power distance—how much do people accept inequality in power?
refers to the degree to which people accept inequality in social situations. High power distance, such as occurs in Mexico, India, Thailand, Panama, and the Philippines, means that people accept inequality in power among people, institutions, and organizations. Low power distance, such as occurs in Sweden, Germany, Israel, and Australia, means that people expect equality in power.
global economy
refers to the increasing tendency of the economies of the world of interact with one another as one market instead of many markets
Which of the following is not a typical principal function of a political system A) regulate private sector investments B) establish stability based on laws C) provide protection from external threats D) govern the allocation of valued resources
regulate private sector investments
government regulators
regulatory agencies that establish group rules under which organizations may operate
values
relatively permanent and deeply held underlying beliefs an attitudes that help determine a person's behavior
Behavioral Science approach
relies on scientific research for developing theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers
The Middle East is an example of a region primarily ruled by which of the following legal systems? A) religious B) socialist C) civil D) common
religious
which of the following is NOT one of the six forces within the general environment of business
religious
Humane orientation
represent the degree to which individuals are encouraged to be altruistic, caring, kind, generous , and fair
ethical climate
represents employees' perceptions about the extent to which work environments support ethical behavior
Assertiveness
represents the extent to which a society expects people to be confrontational and competitive as opposed to tender and modest
Which of the following is an example of a government procurement policy? A) requiring airline carriers to offer reduced rates for government travel B) imposing additional import taxes on non-domestic made products C) offering tax breaks to manufacturers that purchase domestic components D) requiring government cars be purchased from domestic automakers
requiring government cars be purchased from domestic automakers
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Act encourages business transactions by A) protecting public companies from government scrutiny B) evaluating the inner-workings of privately owned firms C) requiring public companies to disclose their financial status D) shielding investors from bankruptcy and excessive taxation
requiring public companies to disclose their financial status
functional manager
responsible for just one organizational activity
general manager
responsible for several organization avtiities
Which of the following standards for examing ethical dilemmas reflects the view that actions should protect and respect the human dignity of everyone involved? A) fairness approach B) virtue approach C) utilitarian approach D) rights approach
rights approach
Which of the following terms is used to refer to the existence of a legal system based on clear rules and fair enforcement? A) civil law B) socialist law C) culture of law D) rule of law
rule of law
Which of the following is the term for a process used by managers to assess potential risks and threats to a firm? A) scanning B) Sarbanes reform C) conciliation D) arbitration
scanning
Planning
set goals and decide how to achieve them
planning
set goals and decide how to achieve them
Planning
setting goals and deciding how to achieve them. Also, coping with uncertainty by formulating future courses of action to achieve specified results
low context culture
shared meanings are primarily derived form written and spoken words
low-context culture
shared meanings are primarily derived from written and spoken words
o The global village -
shrinking" of time and space as air travel and electronic media make it easier for the people of the globe to communicate with one another. refers to the "shrinking" of time and space as air travel and the electronic media have made it easier for the people of the globe to communicate with one another.
conceptual skills
skills that consist of the ability to think analytically to visualize an organization as a whole and understand how the parts work together
Which of the following is an effect of administrative and bureaucratic procedures? A) generates government revenue B) slows down the import of products C) blocks the entry of imported products D) reduces the quantity of available goods
slows down the import of products
A firm that avoids using sweatshops is pursuing which of the following types of sustainability interests?
social
entrepreneur
someone who sees a new opportunity for a product or service and launches a business to try to realize it
intrapreneur
someone who works inside an existing organization who sees an opportunity for a product or service and mobilizes the organization's resource to try to realize it
intrapreneur
someone who works inside an existing organization who sees an opportunity for a product or service and mobilizes the organizations resources to try and realize it
ethics
standards of right and wrong that influence behaviors
the term used to describe the relationship of two organizations that join forces to achieve advantages that neither can perform well alone is"
strategic allies
Outsourcing
subcontracting of services and operations to an outside vendor. using supplies outside the company to provide goods and services
a company or person that provides raw mat, services, equipment, labor, or energy to another organization is called:
supplier
The practice of meeting humanity's needs without harming future generations is known as
sustainability
An effective legal system is characterized by which of the following? A) ineffectual government restrictions B) systematically enforced laws and regulations C) political involvement in business transactions D) state-mandated judiciary organizations
systematically enforced laws and regulations
Firms use foreign trade zones in order to ________. A) stimulate local economic growth and development B) take advantage of favorable customs regulations C) create employment opportunities for locals D) meet quota demands established by the government
take advantage of favorable customs regulations
polycentric managers
take the view that native managers in the foreign offices best understand native personnel and practices, and so home office should leave them alone
polycentric managers
take the view that native managers in the foreign offices best understand native personnel and practices, and so the home office should leave them alone
Which of the following is considered a major driver of market globalization? A) tariff reductions B) government subsidies C) countervailing duties D) prohibitive tariffs
tariff reductions
the groups that present you daily with the tasks to handle are in the ____
task environment
Which of the following terms is used to refer to a government entity's request for bids from suppliers? A) quotes B) estimates C) tenders D) microloans
tenders
parochialism
that is, a narrow view in which people see things solely through their own perspective
global village
the "shrinking" of time and space as air travel and the electronic media have made it easier for the people around the globe to communicate with one another
. The EU
the 27 Countries of the European Union Formed in 1957, the European Union (EU)Union of 25 trading partners in Europe. Nearly all internal trade barriers have been eliminated (including movement of labor between countries), making the EU a union of borderless neighbors and the world's largest free market. By 2002, such national symbols as the franc, the mark, the lira, the peseta, and the guilder had been replaced with the EU currency, the euro. There has even been speculation that someday the euro could replace the U.S. dollar as the dominant world currency
effectiveness
the ENDS-the organization's ends or the goals *to be effective means to achieve results, to make the right decisions, to successfully carry them out so that they achieve the organization's goals
efficiency
the MEANS-the means of attaining the organizations goals *to be efficient means to use resources such as ppl, money, raw materials like wisely and cost effectively
acts makes it illegal for U.S. firms to offer bribes to foreign parties in order to secure or retain business?
the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
Which of the following is a policy platform for companies committed to sustainability and CSR? A) the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development B) the United Nations Global Compact C) the International Economic Development Council D) the Global Competitiveness Report
the United Nations Global Compact
Competitive advantage
the ability of an organization to produce goods or services more effectively than competitors do by outperforming them
Competitive Advantage
the ability of an organization to produce goods or services more effectively than competitors do, thereby outperforming them. This means an organization must stay ahead in four areas: (1) being responsive to customers, (2) innovation, (3) quality, and (4) efficiency. •
competitive advantage
the ability of an organization to produce goods or services more efficiently than their competitors do, thereby outperforming
competitive advantage
the ability of one organization to outperform other organizations because it produces desired goods or services more efficiently and effectively than they do.
Ethnocentrism
the belief that one's own culture, country, language, abilities, and/or behavior is superior to others
e-commerce (electronic-commerce)
the buying and selling of goods or services over computer networks
e-commerce (electronic commerce)
the buying and selling of products and services through computer networks
In nonprofit and mutual-benefit organization how is success measured?
the effectiveness of the services delivered (ex: how many students graduated if you're a college administrator, or how many crimes were prevented of solved if you're a police chief)
effectiveness
the ends
Internet
the global network of independently operating but interconnected computers, linking hundred of thousands of smaller networks around the world
The "shrinking" of time and space as air travel and the electronic media make it easier for people of the world to communicate with one another is called:
the global village
Insider Trading
the illegal trading of a company's stock by people using confidential company information
insider training
the illegal trading of a company's stock by people using confidential company information
global economy
the increasing tendency of the economies of the world to interact with one another as one market instead of many national markets
Mercosur
the largest trade bloc in Latin American, with four core members
multiplier effect
the manager's influence on the organization is far beyond the results that can be achieved by just one person acting alone
Efficiency
the means
Free Trade
the movement of goods and services among nations without political or economic barriers
free trade
the movement of goods and services among nations without political or economic obstruction
social responsibility
the notion that corporations are expected to go above and beyond following the law and making a profit, to take actions that will benefit the interests of society as well as those of the organization
corporate social responsibility
the notion that corporations are expected to go above and beyond following the law and making profit
value system
the pattern of values with an organization
Value System
the pattern of values within an organization
value system
the pattern of values within an organization
stakeholders
the ppl whose interests are affected by an organization's activities, including but not limited to stockholders, employees, and customers
dumping
the practice of a foreign company's exporting products products abroad at a lower price in the home market or even below the costs of production in order to drive down the price of the domestic goods
entrepreneurship
the process of taking risks to try and create a new enterprise
entrepreneurship
the process of taking risks to try to create a new enterprise
Which of the following entry methods is especially appealing to foreign firms entering the markets of transition economies? A) joint ventures with local businesses B) the purchase of former state enterprises C) collaborative ventures within blocs D) exporting and importing products
the purchase of former state enterprises
Management'
the pursuit of organizational goals efficiently and effectively by (2) integrating the work of people through (3) planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the organization's resources.
management
the pursuit of organizational goals efficiently and effectively integrating the work of people through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the organizations resources.
Management
the pursuit of organizational goals efficiently by integrating the work of people through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the organization's resources
Which of the following is a rationale for governments imposing offensive trade and investment barriers? A) the protection of domestic industries B) the promotion of national security C) the pursuit of public policy objectives D) the support of special interests
the pursuit of public policy objectives
exchange rate
the rate at which the currency of one area or country can be exchanges for the currency of another's
Purchasing power parity tells us ________. A) what a unit of local currency can buy in its home country B) the value of goods and services that can be purchased with one unit of a country's currency C) the relative ability of two countries' currencies to buy the same basket of goods in those two countries D) what a currency can actually buy in real terms
the relative ability of two countries' currencies to buy the same basket of goods in those two countries
value
the relatively permanent and deeply held underlying beliefs and attitudes that help determine a person's behavior
What are some important developments that have contributed to globalization
the rise of the global village and e commerce the unification of the world market instead of many national ones the rise of both megafirms and internet enabled minifirms world wide
culture
the shared beliefs, values, knowledge, and patterns of behavior common to a group of ppl
Personality
the stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person his or her identity
Mono chronic time
the standard kind of time orientation in US business; preference for doing one thing at a time
corporate governance
the system of governing a company so that the interest of corporate owners and other stakeholders are protected
Globalization
the trend of the world economy toward becoming a more independent system
globalization
the trend of the world economy toward becoming a more interdependent system
Trade Protectionism
the use of government regulations to limit the import of good and services
trade protectionism
the use of government regulations to limit the import of goods and services to protect their domestic industries against foreign companies
The world is flat phenonmenon
theory in which globalization has leveled ("made flat") the competitive playing fields between industrial and emerging market countries
small companies can maneuver faster because
they can change direction faster, giving them an advantage over bigger companies
Middle Managers
they implement the policies and plans of the top managers above them and supervise and coordinate the activities of the first-line managers below them implement the policies and plans of the top managers above them and supervise and coordinate the activities of the first-line managers below them.
Top Managers
they make the long-term decisions about the overall direction of the organization and establish the objectives, policies, and strategies for it make long-term decisions about the overall direction of the organization and establish the
Most Favored Nation
this trading status describes a condition in which a country grants other countries favorable trading treatment such as the reduction of import duties
customers
those who pay to use an organization's goods
Effectiveness
to achieve results, to make the right decisions, and to successfully carry them out so that they achieve the organization's goals
What is the first law of business?
to take care of customers
e-business
to use the internet to facilitate EVERY aspect of running a business
Telecommute
to work from home or remote locations using a variety of information technologies
telecommute
to work from home or remote locations using a variety of information technology
What's wrong with the classical method?
too mechanistic.. doesn't take into account human needs
The three major types of current political systems are ________. A) totalitarianism, socialism, and democracy B) socialism, democracy, and monarchy C) totalitarianism, liberalism, and fascism D) democracy, republicanism, and oligarchy
totalitarianism, socialism, and democracy
The Nike "Swoosh" is an example of a(n) ________.
trademark
privatization of state-owned industries
transition economies
• Evidence based management
translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice o -bringing rationality to the decision making process
A foreign firm's entry strategy, operations, and performance are often dictated by foreign investment laws.
true
An economy is categorized as advanced, developing, or emerging based on per capita income and level of economic development.
true
Average tariffs have declined over time.
true
By investing in the modernization of emerging and developing markets, advanced economy MNEs can develop long-term profit-generating opportunities.
true
CSR practices improve employee perceptions of a company, thereby reducing turnover.
true
Considering one's instincts is a good practice when resolving ethical dilemmas.
true
Corporate managers must adhere to the laws of the country in which they do business.
true
Economic development is hindered by widespread corruption.
true
Embargoes are a policy tool used to forbid trade with particular countries.
true
Emerging markets, such as Brazil, serve as manufacturing bases for MNEs seeking low-wage labor for mining, manufacturing, and assembly operations.
true
Employees working in foreign nations are used by firms to evaluate the political and cultural environment for any potential risks or threats which might harm the firm and its international interests.
true
Failure to adopt CSR behaviors can have have highly detrimental effects on a company.
true
Family conglomerates in the areas of construction, banking and manufacturing frequently dominate emerging market economies.
true
Government agencies, institutions, and public officials influence the manner in which foreign firms conduct business.
true
Governments in developing economies often mismanage revenue and expenditures, which leads to additional economic issues.
true
In order to determine the potential of an emerging market, firms should consider a nation's income distribution, unemployment rate, and rate of urbanization.
true
In order to support domestic steel manufacturers, the U.S. Government has intervened by imposing anti-dumping duties on the import of less expensive steel.
true
Manufacturers and sellers face legal penalties and lawsuits due to product safety and liability laws that ensure accountability for damage, injury, or death from defective products.
true
Maquiladoras along the northern Mexico border enable foreign firms to take advantage of low-cost labor, government incentives, and favorable taxes.
true
Market forces and free trade are encouraged in democracies and are supported by legal systems that apply fair and equal treatment to all citizens.
true
Most democracies also include elements of socialism.
true
Outsourcing enables foreign firms to increase efficiency and obtain competitive advantages.
true
Research shows that corporate executives throughout the world uphold both profitability and social responsibility as business values.
true
Some governments impose trade barriers on specific products and services if the import poses a threat to the national culture.
true
Stifled by inefficient state-run industries following the establishment of a communist government in 1949, China is now a leading exporter of manufactured goods.
true
The Chinese yuan is significantly undervalued, at 49 percent below its fair-value benchmark with the dollar.
true
The European Union impacts international trade and business because of its ability to enact and enforce laws and regulations.
true
The connections and knowledge held by family conglomerates makes them useful to foreign firms trying to enter emerging markets.
true
The five approaches to analyzing ethical dilemmas often lead to similar solutions.
true
The import tariffs on clothing and shoes into the United States often exceed 20 percent, which results in billions of dollars a year for the U.S. government.
true
The lack of confidence held by foreign investors in Russia stems from the nation's unstable political conditions and its favoritism towards local firms.
true
The most advanced companies monitor their suppliers to ensure that their suppliers use sustainable practices.
true
The transition economies of China and Russia have attracted FDI because of privatization.
true
Trade and investment restrictions are often supported by special interest groups.
true
U.S. tariffs on imported steel in the early 2000s inadvertently increased production costs for firms that use steel, such as Ford, Whirlpool, and General Electric.
true
The cultural dimension of House's model that reflects society's reliance on social norms and procedures during time of unpredictability is called ____ ____.
uncertainty avoidance.
European Union (EU)
union of 25 trading partners in Europe
An individual who believes in ethical normativism views ethical truths as ________. A) universal B) constantly changing C) dependent on societal norms D) superior in certain countries
universal
In the United States, what prison term can be assessed for managers who bribe foreign parties to secure or retain business?
up to five years
Ponzi scheme
using cash from newer investors to pay off older ones
Efficiency
using resources: people, money, raw materials using resources wisely and cost-effectively
Which of the following would most likely be considered a sustainable business practice? A) reducing the overall tax liability of a corporation B) developing a patented process to produce steel C) using solar energy to power manufacturing plants D) enforcing mandatory drug testing among employees
using solar energy to power manufacturing plants
collaborative computing
using state of the art computer software and hardware that helps ppl work better together
collaborative computing
using state of the art computer software and hardware to help people work together
collaborative computing
using state of the art computer software and hardware will help people work together
global outsourcing (offshoring)
using suppliers outside the US to provide labor, goods, or serivces
Videoconferencing
using video and audio links along with computers to enable people located at different locations to see, hear and talk with one another
videoconferencing
using video and audio links along with computers to let ppl in different locations see, hear, and with one another
Which of the following standards for examining ethical dilemmas reflects the view that the best ethical action is one that provides the greatest balance of good over harm? A) common good approach B) utilitarian approach C) virtue approach D) fairness approach
utilitarian approach
Good managers create:
value
Contingency Management
vary according to the individual and environmental situation.
When using the four-step framework for making ethical decisions, which approach to evaluating actions is being used by a manager who questions whether an action embodies character strengths he values? A) rights approach B) virtue approach C) common good approach D) utilitarian approach
virtue approach
sole proprierorship
when the owner is just you
All of the following are typical characteristics of family conglomerates except ________. A) highly diversified B) wholly owned or controlled by the government C) known in South Korea as chaebols D) easier access to capital than most firms
wholly owned or controlled by the government
Underemployed
working at a job that requires less education than one has
A copyright is granted for ________ but not for ________.
works of art; manufacturing processes
The ____ ____ ____ is designed to monitor and enforce trade agreements.
world trade organization (WTO)
organizing
you arrange tasks, people, and other resources to accomplish the work
Multiplier effect
your influence on the organization is multiplied far beyond the results that can be achieved by just one person
Peter Drucker
~"creator and inventor of modern management ~workers should be treated as assets, a corporation is a human community ~"no business without a customer"
Open system
• -continually interacts with its environment
o Scientific management
• -emphasized the scientific study of work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers • -Frederick W. Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
Closed system
• -has little interaction with its environment
Theory X
• -represents a pessimistic, negative view of workers • -workers are irresponsible, resistant to change, lack ambition, hate work, and want to be led
Theory Y
• -represents an optimistic, positive view of workers • -workers are considered capable of accepting responsibility, self-direction, self control and being creative
24. Which of the following ideas belonged to Follett's view on power sharing among employees and managers?
○ Organizations should be operated as "communities" managers and subordinates work in harmony ○ Conflicts solved by having managers and workers find solution that satisfies both parties AKA integration ○ Work process should be under the control of workers with the relevant knowledge, rather than of managers.. Who should be facilitators
21. In which ways did Munster suggest that psychologists could contribute to industry
○ Study jobs and determine which people are best suited to specific jobs ○ Identify the psychological conditions under which employees do their best work ○ Devise management strategies to influence employees to follow managements interests
Mercosur
10 Countries of Latin America The MercosurThe largest trade bloc in Latin America, with four core members: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay. is the largest trade bloc in Latin America and has four core members—Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, with Venezuela scheduled to become a full member upon ratification by other countries—and five associate members: Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Besides reducing tariffs by 75%, Mercosur nations are striving for full economic integration, and the alliance is also negotiating trade agreements with NAFTA, the EU, and Japan.
How much money is estimated to be lost in trading opportunities every year due to trade barriers? A) $1 billion B) $10 billion C) $100 billion D) $200 billion
100 billion
1111
11
39. A trade barrier in the form of a customs duty or tax levied mainly on imports is called:
A tariff
Clawbacks
A team used to refer to a community's rescinding tax breaks when firms don't deliver promised jobs
o tariff
A trade barrier in the form of a customs duty, or tax, levied mainly on imports. is a trade barrier in the form of a customs duty, or tax, levied mainly on imports.
Tariff
A trade barrier in the form of a customs duty, or tax, that is levied mainly on imports is called a(n) ___
____ is a group of nations within a geographical region that have agreed to move trade barriers with on another.
A trading bloc, or economic community
5. Which of the following is a possible financial reward of being an exceptional manager?
Ability to earn a salary that compares fairly well with other workers
controlling
According to Henri Fayol, the major functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and ___________.
integration
According to Mary Parker Follett, ___________ is a process whereby conflicts should be resolved by having mangers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that would satisfy both parties.
bureaucracy
According to Max Weber, a ___________ was a rational, efficient, ideal organization based on principles of logic.
Formal rules and procedures A clear division of labor Careers based on merit A well defined hierarchy of authority
According to Max Weber, a better performing organization should have five positive characteristics. Which of the following are included in Weber's characteristics?
A clear division of labor
According to Max Weber, a better performing organization should have which one of the following positive bureaucratic features?
What does the CAFTA-DR aiming for?
Aimed at reducing tariffs and other barriers to free trade
29. According to management philosopher peter druker, which of the following is outsourcing?
All "support work" such as information systems, will be outsourced
create barriers to obtaining company information
All of the following are key functions or roles that managers must perform to create learning organizations EXCEPT:
isolating employees from management
All of the following are part of W. Edward Deming's philosophy of "good management" EXCEPT:
Diversity
All the way people are unlike and alike; the differences and similarities in age, gender, race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, capabilities, and socioeconomic background
o general environment
Also called macroenvironment; in contrast to the task environment, it includes six forces: economic, technological, sociocultural, demographic, political-legal, and international., or macroenvironment
o trading bloc
Also known as an economic community; a group of nations within a geographical region that have agreed to remove trade barriers with one another., also known as an economic community A group of nations within a geographical region that have agreed to remove trade barriers with one another., is a group of nations within a geographical region that have agreed to remove trade barriers with one another.
Parochialism
Also known as ethnocentrism; narrow view in which people see things solely from their own perspective
Economic Community
Also known as trading bloc; a group of nations within a geographical region that have agreed to remove trade barriers with one another
35. A situation in which you have to decide wheter to pursue a course of action that may benefit you or your organization but that is wrong or even illegal (and either course of action may have a negative outcome) is called:
An ethical dilemma
Which of the following is a frequent problem in national customs agencies? A) a shortage of customs agents in airports B) inconsistent product classification C) arbitrary tariffs and duties D) customs agents who fail to understand contemporary trade issues
B) inconsistent product classification
Which of the following is representative of a developing economy? A) Australia B) Bangladesh C) France D) Mexico
Bangladesh
9. In business, the first law is:
Be responsive to the customer
E-commerce
The buying and selling of products and services through computer networks is called ___
closed
The classical management viewpoint often considered an organization a(n) ______ system.
historical
The classical, behavioral, and quantitative viewpoints fall under the __________ perspective of management.
Elton Mayo
"Hawthorne EffecT"
Under prevailing legislation, firms that bribe foreign parties to secure business can be fined ________.
$2 million
In Russia, estimated losses from copyright piracy total ________. A) $3,596 million B) $2,224 million C) $1,691 million D) $225 million
$2,224 million
Small business CEO earnings
$233,000 (up to 500 employees)
Medium size business CEO earnings
$500,000 (500-5,000 employees)
. ASEAN—
11 Countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)A trading bloc consisting of 11 countries in Asia: Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma), the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. is a trading bloc consisting of 11 countries in Asia: Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma), the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Like other trading blocs, ASEAN is working on reducing trade barriers among member countries. When China was admitted at the beginning of 2010, ASEAN became one of the largest free-trade zones, encompassing 1.9 billion people.79
Advanced economies account for what percentage of the world population? A) 14% B) 42% C) 61% D) 82%
14%
APEC
21 Countries of the Pacific Rim The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a group of 21 Pacific Rim countries whose purpose is to improve economic and political ties. Most countries with a coastline on the Pacific Ocean are members of the organization, although there are a number of exceptions. Among the 21 members are the United States, Canada, and China. Since the founding in 1989, APEC members have worked to reduce tariffs and other trade barriers across the Asia-Pacific region. APEC member countries are highlighted below.
2222
22
The GDP per capita of Country A is less than that of the United States. Which of the following reflects the GDP per capita of Country A? A) $49,700 B) $36,500 C) $48, 900 D) $50,300
36,500
If the GDP per capita of Country A is adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP), the country's revised GDP is higher than that of the United States. Which of the following could be the GDP of Country A, adjusted for PPP? A) $46,500 B) $39,700 C) $49,300 D) $47,000
49,300
Large size business CEO earnings
849,375 (more than 5,000 employees)
85-15 rule
85% chance system is at fault 15% chance individuals are at fault -W. Edwards Deming
o First-line managers
; also called supervisory managers; they make the short-term operating decisions, directing the daily tasks of nonmanagerial personnel make short-term operating decisions, directing the daily tasks of nonmanagerial personnel.
closed system
A _____________ has little interaction with its environment and receives little feedback from the outside.
Embargo
A ban on the import or export of certain products is called a(n) ___
18. According to Max Weber, a better performing organization should have which one of the following postive bureaucratic features?
A clear division of labor
• Embargo
A complete ban on the import and/or export of certain products. is a complete ban on the import or export of certain products.
___ is a shared set of beliefs, values, knowledge, and patterns of behavior common to a group of people.
A culture
Wholly-owned Subsidiary
A foreign subsidiary or subordinate section of an organization, that is totally owned and controlled by the orqanization
Franchising
A form of licensing in which a company allows a foreign company to pay it a fee and a share of the profit in return for using the first company's brand name and a package of materials and services
Code of Ethics
A formal, written set of ethical standards that guide an organization's activities
APEC
A group of 21 Pacific Rim countries whose purpose is to improve economic and political ties.
Which three of the following are considered advantages that result form having foreign work experience?
A higher salary, an advantage over peers, and more marketability.
Supplier
A person or organization that provides supplies (raw materials) to other organizations
• 5 reasons firms expand internationally
Availability of Supplies New Markets Lower Labor Costs Access to Finance Capital Companies Avoidance of Tariffs & Import Quotas Countries
41. Which of the following is correct regarding an open system?
An open system continually interacts with its environment.
Organizing
Arranging tasks, people, and other resources to accomplish the work
13. Gestures/symbols don't have the same meaning to everyone throughout the world. Amanda, an American working in Greece, waved goodbye to her Greek colleague, Helen. How did Helen most likely interpret this gesture?
As an insult
APEC
Asia-Pacific Cooperation is a group of 21 Pacific Rim countries whose purpose is to improve economic and political ties
ASEAN
Association of Southeast Asia Nations is a trading bloc consisting of 11 countries in Asia
41) Which of the following countries has the highest degree of economic freedom? A) Australia B) China C) Brazil D) Venezuela
Australia
36. Which country is number one trading partner of the US?
Canada
Which of the following types of organizations would wield the greatest power over a firm attempting to do business in Canada? A) Canada's Ministry of Foreign Affairs B) World Trade Organization C) North American Free Trade Area D) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Canada's Ministry of Foreign Affairs
A firm is hired by an entertainment company to investigate piracy of its entertainment software in countries abroad. The firm develops a list of countries to investigate based with estimated piracy levels of 90% or higher. Which of the following is most likely on the firm's list? A) India B) Russia C) China D) Mexico
China
7. The ______ viewpoint emphasized finding ways to manage work more effiently and had two branches: scientific and admisitrative
Classical
Historical perspective
Classical o -Behavioral o -Quantitative
36. A ______ has little interaction with its environment and receives little feedback from the outside
Closed system
Licensing
Company X allows a foreign company to pay it a fee to make or distribute X's product or service
Which of the following makes it more difficult for companies to implement global CSR measures? A) The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child defines specific standards for global CSR. B) Most international companies agree on the importance of improving access to quality education. C) Company stakeholders often have conflicting expectations regarding business accountability. D) Solutions to social and environmental problems are typically clear cut for headquarter managers.
Company stakeholders often have conflicting expectations regarding business accountability
1. Which of the following is not an internal stakeholder?
Customers
9. Those who pay to use an organizatins services or buy their goods are:
Customers
Which of the following best describes the concept of purchasing power parity (PPP)? A) In emerging markets, the ability to buy goods and services depends on the influx of FDI from international MNEs. B) The fluctuation in exchange rates disrupts international trade because the value of goods and services is inconsistent. C) In the future, a world currency will create equality in the global marketplace and eliminate disparity. D) Eventually, the exchange rate of two currencies will be equalized and the same goods will have the same price in two countries.
D) Eventually, the exchange rate of two currencies will be equalized and the same goods will have the same price in two countries.
11. T/F: Taylor believed that allowing wrkers to use soldiering would increase productivity
False ..managers should eliminate soliering by applying four principles of science
22. True/False: Managers are now using videoconferencing less
False.. use it more to save money and time for travel
10. People or organizations that compete for customers or resources are called:
Competitors
33. The major difference between the task environment and the general environment is that one has no ____ over the general environment.
Control
17. According to Henri Fayol, the major functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and ____.
Controlling
30. The exhange of goods for goods (bartering) is called
Countertrading
Which of the following pairs of nations are on opposite ends of the political freedom scale? A) New Zealand and Chile B) China and Syria C) Japan and South Africa D) Cuba and Sweden
Cuba and Sweden
Low-Context Culture
Culture in which shared meanings are primarily derived from written and spoken words
12. A person or an organization that helps another organization sell its goods and services to customers is a(n):
Distributor
19. A person or an organization that helps another organization sell its goods and services to customers is a(n):
Distributor
Exports
Domestically produced goods that are sold outside of the country are called ___
42. The practice of a foreign company exporting products abroad at a lower price than in the home market is called:
Dumping
5. The buying and selling of products and services through computer networks is called:
Ecommerce
Sustainability
Economic development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
34. General economic conditions and trends including unemployment, inflation, interest rates, and economic growth that may affect an organizations performance are called:
Economic forces
31. To be _____ means to achieve results, to make the right decisions, and to carry them out in order to achieve the organizations goals
Effective
3. Bringing rationality to the decision-making process is major aim of which type of management
Evidence based management
False
Expatriates work only in the United States.
7. The task environment and the general environment together comprise the
External environment
6. People or groups in the organization's outside environment that are affected by affected by activities within the organization are called:
External stakeholders
24. True/False: Knowledge management involves collecting the knowledge of all the managers in the organization so fewer managers will be needed in the future
FALSE - purpose of knowledge management is to improve decision making
Which of the following best explains why a family conglomerate (FC) might pose a challenge to firms trying to enter emerging markets? A) FCs have superior knowledge in manufacturing and distribution. B) FCs pay no tariffs in exchange for providing employment opportunities. C) FC owners often hold positions of power within national governments. D) FCs may control large market shares in several industries within a nation.
FCs may control large market shares in several industries within a nation.
26. Mary Parker Follett felt that managers should act as ____ rather than dictators
Facilitators
11. True/False: Offering a quality product or service is not an important factor in terms of building competitive advantage
False
15. T/F: The term "multinational coporation" is used to describe a nonprofit orgnazation that has operations in several countires
False
18. True/False: Managers seldom use email
False
35. T/F: a foreign subsidiary that was built from scratch by an owning organization is called a strategic alliance
False
20. True/False: computerized collections of related files are called collaborative projecting
False .. databases
5. T/F: the two overarching perspectives about management are the historical perspectives and the universal perspective
False ..historical and contemporary
which of the following are considered special-interest groups
NRA, Mothers Against Drunk Driving, Human Society of the US
22. When companies find that a products demand is declining domestically, they may expand internationally in order to tap into ____.
New markets
42) Which of the following countries has the least amount of economic freedom? A) South Korea B) Mexico C) North Korea D) Botswana
North Korea
Each of the following nations enjoyed success as a result of export-led development except ________. A) North Korea B) Hong Kong C) Taiwan D) Thailand
North Korea
Which of the following countries is considered a mixed economy? A) Norway B) Russia C) United States D) India
Norway
Interpersonal Roles
Of the three types of managerial roles, the roles in which managers interact with people inside and outside of their work units.
o Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Often shortened to SarbOx or SOX; act establishing requirements for proper financial record keeping for public companies and penalties for noncompliance., often shortened to SarbOx or SOX, established requirements for proper financial record keeping for public companies and penalties of as much as 25 years in prison for noncompliance.
Justice Approach
One of four approaches to solving ethical dilemmas; ethical behavior is guided by respect for impartial standards of fairness and equity
Moral Rights Approach
One of four approaches to solving ethical dilemmas; ethical behavior is guided by respect for the fundamental rights of human beings
Individual Approach
One of four approaches to solving ethical dilemmas; ethical behavior is guided by what will result in the individuals best long term interests, which ultimately is in everyone's self-interest
Utilitarian Approach
One of the four approaches to solving ethical dilemmas; ethical behavior is guided by what will result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
One of the three principal organizations designed to facilitate international trade
Informational Roles
One of the three types of managerial roles; mangers receive and communicate information with other people and outside the organization as monitors, disseminators, and spokespersons
o World Trade Organization (WTO)
One of three principal organizations designed to facilitate international trade; it is designed to monitor and enforce trade agreements. is designed to monitor and enforce trade agreements. The agreements are based on the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), an international accord first signed by 23 nations in 1947
o International Monetary Fund (IMF)
One of three principal organizations designed to facilitate international trade; its purpose is to assist in smoothing the flow of money between nations. is designed to assist in smoothing the flow of money between nations. The IMF operates as a last-resort lender that makes short-term loans to countries suffering from unfavorable balance of payments
13. The term used to describe the relationship of two organizations that join forces to achieve advantages that neither can perform as well alone is:
Strategic allies
o outsourcing
Subcontracting of services and operations to an outside vendor. Using suppliers outside the company to provide goods and services. is defined as using suppliers outside the company to provide goods and services.
11. A company or person that provices raw matericals, services, equipment, labor, or energy to another organization is
Supplier
27. Meeting the needs of the present through economic development without compromising the needs of future generations is called _____.
Sustainability
37. The ____ viewpoint regards the organization as arrangements of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose
Systems
Contemporary perspective
Systems o -Contingency o -Quality-management
productivity would be increased
Taylor believed that by applying the four principles of science to prevent/eliminate soldiering:
soldiering
Taylor believed that managers could eliminate __________ by applying the four principles of science.
scientific principles
Taylor thought that _____________________ should be used to plan the work methods and ease the way for workers to do their jobs.
21. ____ occurs when employees work from home or remote locations using a variety of information technologies
Telecommuting
Global Village
The "shrinking" of time and space as air travel and electronic media make it easier for the people of the globe to communicate with one another
What is the management process that "get things done" ?
The Four Management Functions
Human Skills
The ability to work well in cooperation with other people in order to get things done
o Human skills
The ability to work well in cooperation with other people in order to get things done consist of the ability to work well in cooperation with other people to get things done—especially with people in teams, an important part of today's organizations
Internal Locus of Control
The belief that one controls one's own destiny
In a meeting of its senior management, a cigarette company reviews its plans to expand into several emerging markets. One executive suggests that targeting these markets may raise potential CSR concerns. Other attendees at the meeting dismiss the idea. Which of the following is the most effective response the executive could give to support his point regarding CSR concerns? A) Women are an untapped group of potential cigarette consumers in emerging markets. B) The GDPs of target countries may suffer from the burden of increased health care costs. C) Cigarette sales have declined in many of the advanced economies in recent years. D) Advertising that portrays smoking as "hip" will be most likely to appeal to young consumers.
The GDPs of target countries may suffer from the burden of increased health care costs.
Showing that good human relations could improve productivity Drawing attention to the importance of "social man"
The Hawthorne studies were important due to which two of the following contributions?
• Individualism/collectivism—how loosely or tightly are people socially bonded?
The United States, Australia, Sweden, France, Canada, and Great Britain have high individualistic values. Individualism indicates a preference for a loosely knit social framework in which people are expected to take care of themselves. Costa Rica, Thailand, Mexico, China, Guatemala, and Ecuador have high collectivist values. Collectivism indicates a preference for a tightly knit social framework in which people and organizations are expected to look after each other.
• W. Edwards Deming
The W. Edwards Deming Institute® is a nonprofit organization that was founded in 1993 by noted consultant Dr. W. Edwards Deming. The aim of the Institute is to foster understanding of The Deming System of Profound Knowledge™ to advance commerce, prosperity and peace.
systems
The _______ viewpoint regards the organization as arrangements of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose.
Hawthorne
The _________ Effect examined workers' productivity when they thought they were receiving special attention.
classical
The _________ viewpoint emphasized finding ways to manage work more efficiently, and had two branches: scientific and administrative.
25. Which of the following explains why countires place tariffs on imported goods or impose import quotas?
To protect their own domestic industries
30. Eric's management style leads him to focus on training his team, improving customer satisfaction, and continuously improving the quality of his organizations products and services. Eric uses ______ _______ management.
Total quality
35. The quality management viewpoint includes which three of these concepts?
Total quality management, Quality control, Quality assurance
38. The use of govt regulations to limit the import of goods and services is called:
Trade protectionism
12. True/False: a major challenge to the manager, which will increase over the next several decades, is to maximize the contributions of employees diverse in gender, age, race, and ethnicity
True
15. T/F: Local communities can be affected greatly by the entrance or exit of large businesses in their communites
True
16. True/False: The primary difference between e-commerce and e-business is that e-business uses the internet to facilitate every aspect of the business while e-commerce is buying and selling of goods over computer networks.
True
20. T/F: A value system is a pattern of beliefs within the organization and can often be in conflict
True
23. True/False: Collaborative computing helps employees work together
True
25. Ethical behavior is not just a nicety, it is a very important part of doing business today
True
28. True/False: Regardless of how well paid you are, you have to consider whether in meeting the organizations challenges you are also meeting the challenges of realizing your own happiness
True
41. T/F: A trade barrier that limits the number of imported goods in order to protect domestic industry is called an import quota
True
7. True/False: If you truly enjoy working with people, mentoring and helping others to grow and thrive, management is a great job
True
8. T/F: One of the positive effects of globalization on the U.S. economy is that foreign firms are building plants in the United States, revitalizing parts of industrial America.
True
9. T/F: Gregg Easterbrook believes as world economies become even more linked by computers, job stress will become a 24/7 affair.
True
6. Which of the following is NOT one of the rewards of studying management?
You will be guaranteed a high-paying job upon graduation
Franchising
___ is a form of licensing in which one company allows a foreign company to pay it a fee and a share of the profit in return for using the first company 's brand name and a package of material and service.
A trading bloc
___ is a group of nations within a geographical region that have agreed to remove trade barriers with one another.
Parochialism
___ is a narrow view in which people see things solely through their own perspective.
A culture
___ is a shared set of beliefs, values, knowledge, and patterns of behavior common to a group of people.
Countertrading
___ is the bartering of goods for goods
Licensing
___ is when a U.S. company allows a foreign country to pay it a fee to make or distribute its products or service, but without requiring a share of its profit.
Ethnocentric
___ managers believe that their native country, culture, language, and behavior are superior to all others.
Quality
_______ is the ability of a product or service to meet customer needs.
Quality control
_______________ techniques were developed by Walter Shewart, who used statistical sampling to locate errors by testing just some of the items in a particular production run.
Hugo Munsterberg
________________ was called the "father of industrial psychology" due to his revolutionary ideas on studying human behavior in workplaces.
Quality assurance
_________________ focuses on the performance of workers, urging employees to strive for "zero defects."
Management science
__________________ focuses on using mathematics to aid in problem solving and decision making.
Management science
__________________ stresses the use of rational, science-based techniques and mathematical models to improve decision making and strategic planning.
Frederick W. Taylor
___________________ is best known for defining the techniques of scientific management, and is known as the "father of scientific management."
Administrative management
_________________________ is concerned with managing the total organization.
multinational corporation (multinational enterprise)
a business firm with operations in several countries
multinational corporation or enterprise is
a business firm with operations in several countries