mngt ch 7 test 2

need for employees to be close to the customer

One distinct feature of service technology that directly influences structure is the______

c. scalar

Rebecca works for a company that has clearly defined lines of authority. Each employee knows that he or she has authority and responsibility for a distinct set of tasks. Employees are also aware of the company's reporting structure as well as successive management levels all the way to the top. Rebecca's company follows which of the following principles? a. Specialization b. Unity of command c. Scalar d. Authority e. Responsibility

centralization

centralization or decentralization...when activities can be done more efficiently on a larger scale

decentralization

centralization or decentralization...when environmental conditions are changing rapidly and the company needs empowered employees to make decisions quickly

service technology

characterized by intangible output and direct contact with customers.

scalar principle

clearly defined line of authority in the organization that includes all employees

matrix approach

combines aspects of both functional and divisional structures in the same part of the organization

cross-functional teams

consist of employees from various functional departments who are responsible to meet as a team and resolve mutual problems.

decentralization

decision authority is pushed down to lower organizational levels

organizing

deployment of organizational resources to achieve strategic goals

duplication of resources across divisions, less technical depth and specialization, poor coordination across divisions

disadvantage of divisional structure

poor communication across departments, slow response to external changes, decisions concentrated at top of hierarchy that creates delay

disadvantage of functional structure

frustration and confusion from a dial chain of command, high conflict between two sides of the matrix, many meetings with more discussion than action

disadvantage of matrix structure

dual loyalties and conflict, time and resources spent on meetings, unplanned decentralization

disadvantage of team structure

lack of control, greater demands on managers, weaker employee loyalty

disadvantage of virtual network structure

matrix approach

The vertical structure provides traditional control within functional departments, and the horizontal structure provides coordination across departments.

organizational positions, not people (the position has the authority not the person filling the position)

Where is authority vested in?

can draw on expertise worldwide highly flexible and responsive

advantage of virtual network

permanent teams

are groups of employees who are organized in a way similar to a formal department.

divisional

because each unit, such as the unit serving new england, is small, it can respond quickly to changes in the business environment

decentralization

centralization or decentralization... when running a company which serves different customers in different regions differently

new positions and departments are added

As organizations grow and evolve, what happens

division manager

In a geographic-based structure, all functions in a specific country or region report to the same ____

the top

In times of crisis or risk of company failure, authority may be centralized at_____

Small-batch and unit production, Large-batch and mass production, Continuous process production

Manufacturing firms can be categorized according to three basic types of production technology:

relational coordination

The highest level of horizontal coordination is

task force

a temporary team or committee designed to solve a problem involving several departments.( for specific projects)

functional structure

activities are grouped together by common function (similar skills, expertise, work activities) from the bottom to the top of the organization

fast response, flexibility in an unstable environment, fosters concern for customer needs, excellent coordination across functional departments

advantage of divisional structure

efficient use of resources, in-depth skill specialization and development, top manager direction and control

advantage of functional approach

more efficient use of resources than a single hierarchy, flexibility, adapt to changing environment

advantage of matrix structure

reduce barriers among departments, increases compromise, shorter response time, better morale; enthusiasm from employee involvement

advantage of team structure

chain of command

an unbroken line of authority that links all employees in an organization and shows who reports to whom

centralization

centralization or decentralization... when different areas of the company do not agree on which course of action to take and require coordination

centralization

decision authority is located near the top

unity of command

each employee is held accountable to only one supervisor

team based structure

enables organizations to respond extremely quickly to changing consumer demands and market needs.

relational coordination

frequent, timely, problem-solving communication carried out through [employee] relationships of shared goals, shared knowledge, and mutual respect

decentralization (lower level managers)

greater change and uncertainty in the environment are usually associated with ____

flat structure

has a wide span, is horizontally dispersed and has fewer hierarchical levels

tall structure

has an overall narrow span and more hierarchical levels

vertical

how does authority flow in the hierarchy

large-batch and unit production

is distinguished by standardized production runs.

horizontal

is re-engineering vertical or horizontal workflow

project manager

is responsible for coordinating the activities of several departments for the completion of a specific project

flat structure

is tall or flat structure not as popular now

funtional

managers and employees in the manufacturing unit share common outlook and find it easier to communicate with each other because they have similar training and experience (functional or divisional)

continuous process production

mechanizes the entire workflow

staff authority

narrower and includes the right to advise, recommend, and counsel the staff specialists' area of expertise

divisional structure

occurs when departments are grouped together based on similar organizational outpits

tech, work processes

operational needs

line authority

people in management positions have the FORMAL authority to direct and control immediate subordinates

functional

people in manufacturing communicate mostly with other manufacturing employees and relatively little with people in engineering and sales (functional or divisional)

Small-batch and unit production

produces goods in batches of one or a few products designed to customer specification

departmentaliation

the basis for grouping positions into departments and departments into the total organization

division of labor

the degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into separate jobs

responsibility

the duty to perform the task or activity as assigned

team-based structure

the entire organization is made up of horizontal teams that coordinate their work and work directly with customers to accomplish the organization's goals.

virtual network structure

the firm subcontracts most of its major functions to separate companies and coordinates their activities from a small organization at headquarters

authority

the formal and legitimate right of a manager to make decisions, issue orders, and allocate resources

horizontal coordination and information sharing

the matriz approach evolved as a way to improve ______and ______

span of mngt

the number of employees reporting to a supervisor and determines how closely a supervisor can monitor subordinates

accountability

the people with authority and responsibility are subject to reporting and justifying task outcomes to those above them in the chain of command

delegation

the process that managers use to transfer authority and responsibility to positions below them

re-engineering

the radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in cost, quality, service, and speed

organization structure

the set of formal tasks assigned to individuals and departments; formal reporting relationships, and the design of systems to ensure effective coordination or employees across departments

organization chart

visual representation of an organization's structure

environment, strategy, goals

what are strategic needs

conflicts and dual loyalties

what are the disadvantages of the team based structure

defines what to do, defines how to do it

what does strategy define and what does organizing define

team-based structure

what improves coordination and corporation and breakes down barriers across departments

dual lines

what kind of authority does the matrix approach have

divisional

when the unit focusing on B2B customers develops a new highly effective customer tracking systems, this system is not shared with the unit focusing on individual retail customers (functional or divisional)

responsibility

when your manager assigns you a task, you have the ______ to carry out that task as assigned

organization chart

where are the characteristics of vertical structure portrayed

follows strategy

why is organizing important

organization chart

you would study a business's _______ to see a visual representation of its vertical structure including the chain of command

line authority

your manager has ______ when he has the right to tell you what work to do and to hold you accountable for doing it