MOC exam 1

A health care provider advises against prescribing an antibiotic to a patient with a severe cold, sore throat, and runny nose. The patient states, "I really think that an antibiotic would make me feel better soon." How does the nurse respond?

"An antibiotic is ineffective against a cold or flu."

The nurse is teaching a student nurse about treatment for sepsis. Which response by the student indicates a need for further teaching?

"Antibiotics should be delayed until the causative organism is known."

Which patient statements indicate understanding of nursing instructions regarding skin care management? Select all that apply.

"Avoid extreme temperatures." "Apply moisturizers even at night." "Change my position regularly while at rest."

The nurse is providing discharge education for a patient with an infection who is prescribed antibiotic therapy. Which instructions does the nurse include? Select all that apply.

"Be sure to take your antibiotics as directed by the prescriber." "Be sure to take all antibiotic doses prescribed, even if you feel better."

Which instruction should be included in teaching a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) how to self-administer ipratropium via a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)?

"Breathe out slowly before positioning the inhaler."

When teaching a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) about CD4 T cells, which statement would the nurse include?

"HIV destroys your CD4 T cells and depletes your immune system."

Which question will the nurse ask when assessing the nutritional-metabolic pattern of a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

"Have you lost any weight recently?"

After the nurse has completed diet and nutrition teaching for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which patient statements indicate effective learning? Select all that apply.

"I should avoid beans and cabbage." "I can enjoy eating more cold foods and desserts." "I am glad I can have a peanut butter and jelly sandwich at lunch every day."

After the nurse has completed teaching a patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) how to conserve energy and improve nutrition, which patient statement indicates the need for further teaching?

"I will perform deep-breathing and coughing exercises before meals."

The nurse provides discharge education for a patient who receives a new prescription for an antibiotic. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?

"I will stop taking the antibiotic when my symptoms are better."

Which patient statement indicates understanding of teaching about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

"I'll report any change in the color of my sputum."

Which patient statement about the use of an ipratropium inhaler for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) indicates a need for further teaching?

"If my breathing gets worse, I should keep taking extra puffs of the inhaler until I can breathe more easily." (Excessive treatment could trigger paradoxical bronchospasm, which would worsen the patient's respiratory status)

The nurse is explaining the pathophysiology of asthma to a patient. Which is the most appropriate explanation?

"Inflammation causes bronchoconstriction, hyperreactivity, and edema of the airways."

A patient with a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is scheduled to receive antiretroviral drugs. Which statement by the patient reflects a correct understanding of the purpose of the medications?

"These drugs work by decreasing the viral load."

When discussing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with a patient, which statements would the nurse use? Select all that apply.

"Untreated HIV infection has a predictable pattern of progression." "Late chronic HIV infection is called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)." "Oropharyngeal candidiasis is a common infection associated with the symptomatic stage of HIV infection." (Rationale: Rationale The typical course of untreated HIV infection follows a predictable pattern. Late chronic HIV infection is known as AIDS. The most common infection associated with the symptomatic phase of HIV infection is oropharyngeal candidiasis. The interval between untreated HIV infection and a diagnosis of AIDS is about 10 years. Untreated HIV infection usually remains in the early chronic stage for about 8 years.)

When a patient hospitalized with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) asks the nurse whether oxygen use will be needed at home, which response by the nurse is best?

"You will qualify for supplemental oxygen therapy if your resting oxygen saturation drops to 88%."

A patient is hospitalized with symptoms of tuberculosis (TB). The nurse recognizes that at least one of the sputum specimens for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) needs to be obtained at which time of the day?

6 a.m.

A patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for four weeks. Which findings would the nurse associate with positive drug therapy outcomes? Select all that apply.

90% drop in viral load CD4 T-cell count above 14% 3-unit drop (99% reduction) in viral load on a log scale (Rationale: Lab findings may help assess the response of the patient to treatment. A 90% or more drop in viral load and CD4 T-cell count above 14% indicate good response to treatment. A 3-unit drop in viral load, which corresponds to a 99% reduction in viral load, also indicates the patient is responding well to the treatment. A drop in viral load of less than 90% does not indicate a significant response to antiretroviral therapy after four weeks of therapy. A CD4 T-cell count above 500 to 600 cells/µL is considered a favorable response to antiretroviral therapy.)

Which patient may have the poorest prognosis?

A 59-year-old man who is being treated for stage IV malignant melanoma

The nurse collaborates with the health care team to arrange for home care for a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Of the family members who live with the patient, which one is at the greatest risk for contracting the disease?

A 75-year-old parent who takes prednisone

A newly diagnosed patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) inquires as to the requirements for development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which diagnostic criterion for AIDS would the nurse share with the patient? Select all that apply.

A CD4 + T-cell count below 200/µL The presence of an opportunistic infection Presence of an opportunistic cancer Loss of 10% or more of ideal body mass (Rationale: Diagnostic criteria for AIDS include a CD4 + T-cell count below 200/µL or the development of specified opportunistic infections, cancers, wasting syndrome, or dementia.)

Which of these is a clinical manifestation of early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

A chronic, intermittent cough

Which patient may have the highest risk for developing malignant melanoma?

A fair-skinned woman who uses a tanning booth regularly

The nurse is providing care for a patient with a five-year history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which assessment finding indicates an acute exacerbation of the disease?

A sharp decrease in the patient's CD4 + count

Which purpose statements would the nurse use to fully explain antiretroviral therapy (ART) recently prescribed for a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? Select all that apply.

ART will decrease the viral load in the blood. The medications prevent transmission of the HIV disease. Prescribed medications maintain or increase the CD4 cell counts. Therapy includes prevention of HIV-related opportunistic infections.

A patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is hospitalized. The patient's assessment findings include a CD4 + T-cell count of 150 cells/μL and a 12% loss of ideal body mass. Which diagnosis does the nurse suspect?

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

The nurse is assessing a patient who is having an acute asthma attack. Which nursing intervention would be the priority for this patient?

Administering an albuterol bronchodilator

Which patient action when using albuterol and beclomethasone inhalers indicates a need for further teaching?

Administering the beclomethasone before the albuterol

Which self-management measures would the nurse teach a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to prevent developing a resistance to antibiotics and infections? Select all that apply.

Advise the patient to avoid skipping antibiotic doses. Advise the patient to wash hands properly and regularly. Advise the patient to avoid requesting an antibiotic for flu or colds.

A patient is admitted to a health care facility with a respiratory infection suspected to be caused by tuberculosis (TB). Which infection precaution does the nurse initiate?

Airborne precautions

When a patient is experiencing an asthma attack, which prescribed inhaler will the nurse have the patient use first?

Albuterol

Which inhaler would the nurse be prepared to administer to the patient at the onset of an asthma attack?

Albuterol

A patient with asthma has a body temperature of 102° F and produces purulent sputum. The nurse anticipates incorporating which medication into the plan of care?

An antibiotic

A patient presents to the emergency department with sudden-onset wheezing and coughing with progressive respiratory distress. Which condition would the nurse associate with these manifestations?

An asthma attack

When caring for a patient diagnosed with cor pulmonale, which finding will the nurse expect?

Ankle edema

While obtaining a health history for a patient with suspected tuberculosis (TB), the nurse expects which early signs or symptoms of the disease? Select all that apply.

Anorexia Fatigue Night sweats

Which treatment plan medications would the nurse be prepared to administer to a patient hospitalized with allergic rhinitis? Select all that apply.

Antihistamines Mast cell stabilizers Oral corticosteroids

Which clinical manifestation would alert the nurse to an early manifestation of an exacerbation of asthma in a patient brought to the emergency department following an automobile accident?

Anxiety

Which factors are possible triggers for asthma exacerbations? Select all that apply.

Aspirin Perfumes Animal dander Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Which action will the nurse take to evaluate whether an asthmatic patient's prescribed ipratropium has been effective?

Auscultate lungs for wheezing.

The nurse is caring for a patient with a diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) and anticipates that which item will be included in the patient's treatment plan?

Avoid alcohol because it increases the hepatotoxicity associated with isoniazid (INH).

When teaching a patient with asthma about ways to reduce the severity of asthma and asthma attacks, which measures would be included? Select all that apply.

Avoid food irritants. Avoid animals with fur. Identify personal triggers.

Which findings will the nurse expect when assessing a clinic patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? Select all that apply.

Barrel chest on inspection Wheezes on auscultation

Which parameter is most important to monitor for the patient who has been started on prednisone for an asthma exacerbation?

Breath sounds (Rationale: Because the patient is receiving an oral corticosteroid because of asthma exacerbation, the highest priority is to monitor for improvement in respiratory function. Corticosteroids may increase appetite and oral intake will be monitored, but the higher priority is assessment of respiratory status.)

The nurse assesses a patient with wheezing and dyspnea and determines that these symptoms are related to which pathophysiologic feature asthma?

Bronchoconstriction

Which opportunistic infections would the nurse monitor for clinical manifestations in the patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Select all that apply.

Candidiasis of bronchi Toxoplasmosis of the brain Mycobacterium avium (MAC) complex (Rationale: Candidiasis of bronchi, toxoplasmosis of the brain, and Mycobacterium avium complex are opportunistic infections in AIDS because the immune system is too weak to fight back. Candidiasis of the bronchi is a fungal infection caused by Candida albicans. The fungal infection rarely causes problems in healthy adults because they have strong immune systems but is common in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to weakened immunity. Toxoplasmosis of the brain is a protozoal infection, and Mycobacterium avium complex is a bacterial infection.)

Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays has which effects on the skin that increase the risk for skin cancer? Select all that apply.

Causes an error in the skin's genetic code Decreases the skin's ability to repair cellular damage

The nurse provides education to a patient with asthma about how to take medication through a metered dose inhaler. Which action performed by the patient indicates effective learning?

Cleans the device with water

For which type of infection would a postoperative patient who developed a fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea despite being on long-term antibiotics be evaluated?

Clostridium difficile infection (Rationale: Prolonged use of antibiotics increases the risk of Clostridium difficile infection by damaging the normal flora of the intestine. The infection is manifested as fever, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.)

Nursing assessment findings of jugular venous distention and pedal edema would be indicative of what complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Cor pulmonale (Rationale: Cor pulmonale is a right-sided heart failure caused by resistance to right-ventricular outflow resulting from lung disease; clinical manifestations include jugular venous distention and pedal edema.)

Which manifestations would the nurse identify with asthma? Select all that apply.

Cough Wheezing Chest tightness

Which action should the nurse take when administering and reading the tuberculosis (TB) skin test?

Draw a diagram of the forearm and hand and label the injection sites in the patient's chart.

The nurse is assessing a patient who is hospitalized with suspected tuberculosis (TB) and expects which initial manifestations? Select all that apply.

Dry cough that becomes productive Malaise Low-grade fever Unexplained weight loss (Rationale: Symptoms of pulmonary TB usually do not develop until 2 to 3 weeks after infection or reactivation. The primary manifestation is an initial dry cough that often becomes productive with mucoid or mucopurulent sputum. Active TB disease may initially present with constitutional symptoms (e.g., fatigue, malaise, anorexia, unexplained weight loss, low-grade fevers, night sweats). Dyspnea is a late symptom that may signify considerable pulmonary disease or a pleural effusion. Hemoptysis, which occurs in less than 10% of patients with TB, is also a late sign)

Which assessment findings would the nurse recognize as diagnostic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the patient diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) approximately 12 years ago? Select all that apply.

Esophageal candidiasis CD4 count less than 200 cells/µL

Which factor on this patient's health history is a known trigger for asthma attacks?

Gastroesophageal reflux

Which statement about influenza is true?

Generalized myalgia occurs.

Which routes of transmission and infective periods would the nurse share with the patient who is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive and pregnant? Select all that apply.

HIV can be transmitted by breastfeeding. HIV can be transmitted lifelong once a person is HIV-positive. HIV can be transmitted even before it is detected on a screening test.

When a patient is experiencing an acute asthma attack, how will the nurse position the patient?

High-Fowler's

A patient, with a recent history of 10% body mass loss and herpes simplex with chronic ulcers, has a CD4 + cell count of <200 cells/µL and is diagnosed with Burkitt's lymphoma. Which infection would the nurse associate these clinical manifestations?

Human immunodeficiency virus (Rationale: In human immunodeficiency virus infection, the CD4 + T-cell count drops below 200 cells/µL due to the destruction of the white blood cells. As a result, immunity decreases.)

Administration of the seasonal influenza vaccine would be contraindicated for the older adult with which condition?

Hypersensitivity to eggs

Which interprofessional treatment will the nurse anticipate being prescribed first for a patient who is seen in the emergency department for an asthma attack and has not improved after administration of albuterol?

IV methylprednisolone (Rationale: Systemic corticosteroids like IV methylprednisolone speed the resolution of asthma exacerbations and are indicated if the initial response to the short-acting β 2-adrenergic agonist bronchodilator is insufficient.)

Which factor causes the clinical manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Inability to effectively expire air

In accordance with Healthy People 2020 goals, which strategies are directed toward preventing the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and early detection of those infected? Select all that apply.

Increased accessibility to HIV testing facilities Inclusion of voluntary HIV testing in routine prenatal care Advocacy for safer sex practices, including use of condoms

When the nurse is caring for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation who requires oxygen administration, which assessment finding is of most concern?

Increased lethargy

To prevent respiratory complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which vaccines will the nurse plan to administer? Select all that apply.

Influenza Pneumococcal

A healthy 70-year-old patient asks the nurse, "Which types of vaccinations are recommended for people my age?" Which vaccinations should the nurse suggest? Select all that apply.

Influenza Pneumonia

The nurse determines appropriate transmission-based precautions for several patients who are hospitalized with infections. A patient with which diagnosis requires droplet precautions? Select all that apply.

Influenza A Bacterial Meningitis

A patient with a 10-year history of regular (three beers per week) alcohol consumption began taking rifampin to treat tuberculosis (TB). During a follow-up visit one week after starting the medication, the patient tells the nurse, "In the last week, my urine turned orange, and I am very worried about it." How does the nurse respond?

Inform the patient that it is one of the side effects of the medication. (Rationale: A nurse should be aware of some of the common side effects of antitubercular drugs like rifampin, one of which is orange discoloration of body fluids such as urine, sweat, tears, and sputum. It may also cause hepatitis.)

A child with a nonproductive cough states, "I am having trouble breathing." Which action would the nurse take to reduce the severity of breathlessness in the child?

Instruct the child to bend forward slightly.

Which classification of allergic rhinitis is consistent with symptoms that occur fewer than four days per week?

Intermittent (Intermittent means that the symptoms are present fewer than four days per week or less than four weeks per year.)

A patient's initial purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test result is positive. A repeat skin test is also positive. No signs or symptoms of tuberculosis or allergies are evident. Which medication therapy does the nurse anticipate will be prescribed?

Isoniazid (INH) (Rationale: The standard treatment regimen for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is nine months of daily isoniazid. It is an effective and inexpensive drug that the patient can take orally.)

A patient who has tuberculosis (TB) is being treated with combination drug therapy. The nurse explains that combination drug therapy is essential for which reason?

It discourages the development of resistant strains of the TB organism.

Which cancers would the nurse discuss with the patient inquiring about the opportunistic carcinomas included in the diagnostic criteria for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Select all that apply.

Kaposi sarcoma Burkitt's lymphoma Invasive cervical cancer

Which factor puts a light-skinned patient at a higher risk for skin cancer than a patient with darker skin?

Less melanin content in the skin

Which disease condition is found more in fair-skinned patients than in patients with more pigmentation in their skin?

Melanoma

Which type of skin cancer has a higher risk for metastasis and poor prognosis unless it is treated early?

Melanoma

The nurse assesses the severity of asthma symptoms reported by a patient. Based on the information in the chart, at which level would the nurse classify the patient's asthma?

Mild persistent This patient's asthma would be classified as "mild persistent" in severity. The patient reports having symptoms more than twice a week but not daily, wakes up with symptoms at night three or four times a month, uses a short-acting beta-agonist more than twice a week but not daily, and reports minor limitations in normal activity. The lung function assessment shows a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1) of over 80% and a normal ratio of FEV 1 to forced vital capacity (FVC).

The school nurse will include which teaching to high school students to prevent the transmission of influenza? Select all that apply.

Obtain an influenza vaccination. Stay at home when symptomatic. Cover the nose and mouth when coughing.

The nurse anticipates which diagnosis for a patient exposed to animal dander who presents with a runny and itchy nose, sneezing, and nasal congestion?

Perennial rhinitis (Perennial rhinitis is suspected when the patient has been exposed to animal dander, dust mites, indoor molds, or cockroaches. A patient with perennial rhinitis experiences sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, and watery eyes.)

The nurse is educating a patient about ways to decrease the risk of antibiotic-resistant infection. Which instructions does the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.

Perform frequent hand washing. Follow directions as prescribed. Complete the full course of antibiotics.

Which complications in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) require acute intervention? Select all that apply.

Pneumonia Cor pulmonale Exacerbations

Which diagnostic findings will the nurse expect when caring for a patient who is experiencing worsening of asthma symptoms? Select all that apply.

Positive skin test for allergens Serum and sputum eosinophilia Chest x-ray indicating hyperinflation Rationale Asthma is frequently triggered due to allergens; therefore patients frequently will have positive skin testing for allergens. Eosinophils increase with allergic reactions; since asthma is an inflammatory process, an increase in serum and sputum eosinophil count is expected. Air trapping with asthma leads to lung hyperinflation, which may be noted on the chest x-ray. Since allergic reactions are medicated by IgE, patients with asthma frequently have elevated IgE levels, leading to more hyper-responsive airways. Oxygen saturation will decrease because of airway inflammation and bronchospasm during an asthma attack.

How does the nurse correlate an asthma exacerbation with sinusitis?

Postnasal drip in sinusitis can exacerbate asthma.

The nurse recognizes that there is an increased number of patients that require inpatient care due to an antibiotic-resistant infection. Which actions by heath care providers may have contributed to this problem? Select all that apply.

Prescribing antibiotics for viral infections Prescribing inadequate drug regimens to treat infections Prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics when only first-line antibiotics are needed

Which information would the nurse provide the patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who asks about factors determining progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Select all that apply.

Progression of HIV can be assessed by your viral load. Your CD4 + T-cell count is one of several factors identified.

Which description best characterizes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Progressive persistent expiratory airflow limitation

Which patient care goals are appropriate for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? Select all that apply.

Relief of symptoms Improved quality of life Prevention of disease progression Ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs)

Which instruction will the nurse give to a patient who has a prescription for beclomethasone?

Rinse mouth thoroughly after each use.

Which instructions would the nurse include when teaching preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to a group of adults at high risk of sexually acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection? Select all that apply.

Safe sex practices Regular HIV testing Risk reduction counseling

A patient with inability to breathe through his nose who is assessed to find swelling of the nasal mucosa blocking the opening of the ostia may be experiencing which condition?

Sinusitis

Which intervention may improve gas exchange for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) whose oxygen saturation is 88%?

Sit the patient upright in a chair leaning slightly forward.

Which intervention should be included in the plan of care for a patient who has lost 30 lb and has a nursing diagnosis of impaired nutritional status?

Suggest a high-calorie, high-protein diet with six small meals a day.

A patient with dyspnea and who is unable to speak clearly has a respiratory rate of 45 breaths/min, a pulse of 130 beats/min, oxygen saturation of 90%, and neck vein distention. Which treatment would the nurse expect to incorporate into the plan of care?

Supplementary oxygen through nasal cannula The patient with severe dyspnea is unable to speak and needs oxygen. Hence, select an option that will help relieve the patient's symptoms.

The nurse anticipates a diagnosis of sinusitis for a patient who reports a headache, nasal congestion, and fever for the past three days as indicated by which assessment findings? Select all that apply.

Swollen turbinates Edematous mucosa tenderness over the sinuses

In the early stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which cells protect the human body from infections?

T cells

When monitoring the CD4 results of a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which CD4 count would prompt the nurse to monitor for clinical manifestations associated with immunity problems?

The CD4 count falls to 500. (Rationale: Immune problems start to occur when the count drops below 500 CD4 T cells)

How is Breslow's measurement related to the prognosis of malignant melanoma?

The deeper the tumor, the worse is the prognosis.

When interpreting laboratory diagnostics, which statement would the nurse identify as pathophysiology for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection?

The immune system is impaired from CD4 + T-cell destruction.

A patient with asthma develops nausea, vomiting, headache, tachycardia, and dysrhythmias. The nurse would suspect which medication as the cause of the symptoms?

Theophylline (Theophylline is a methylxanthine bronchodilator with narrow therapeutic use. Therefore its use is very limited. The patient's serum concentration levels should be monitored regularly to determine that the drug is within the therapeutic window.)

The nurse recognizes that airborne infection isolation for a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) can be discontinued when which criterion is met?

Three consecutive acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smears are negative.

Which type of carcinogen is associated with melanomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and basal cell carcinomas?

Ultraviolet radiation

Which information would the nurse emphasize while teaching a patient ways to avoid exposure to hepatitis B infection? Select all that apply.

Use disposable needles and syringes. Avoid sharing toothbrushes and razors. Avoid unsafe sex with multiple partners, and always use condoms

Which patient action may aggravate the acute sinusitis symptoms?

Use of phenylephrine for five days

A nurse obtained a blood sample with a syringe and large-bore needle from a patient with chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a CD4 +T-cell count of 123/μL. Which factors may affect the transmission of HIV infection if the nurse sustained a needle stick from the contaminated needle? Select all that apply.

Viral load of the patient Immune status of the injured nurse Volume of blood exposed to nurse

The patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does not want to take more than one prescribed antiretroviral medication at a time. Which explanation would the nurse provide the patient regarding combination antiretroviral therapy?

Viral replication will be inhibited through use of the combinations.

The nurse discusses emerging infections with a group of community leaders and includes which examples? Select all that apply.

West Nile fever H1N1 (swine) flu Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

Which finding would indicate a need for asthma testing in a patient experiencing chest tightness and acute dyspnea after an afternoon of gardening?

Wheezes (Wheezes are continuous, high-pitched squeaking or musical sounds caused by the rapid vibration and narrowing of bronchial walls. If the patient has wheezing sounds during auscultation, it indicates the patient may have asthma.)

After initial treatment of a patient with an acute asthma exacerbation, which finding indicates improvement in the patient's respiratory function?

Wheezing becomes louder.

The nurse is preparing a community education session related to the increased incidence of tuberculosis (TB) among the city's residents. The nurse identifies that which populations are most at risk for the disease? Select all that apply.

Workers at a nearby prison Adults who are homeless Middle-aged adults who live in the inner-city neighborhood Immigrants from an underdeveloped country who live in temporary housing in the city

Which treatment may increase restlessness and insomnia in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

β 2 agonists