Mock Registry

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What type of CR angle is required for the RAO oblique position of the cervical spine?

15-20 degrees caudad

What is the minimal number of projections taken for a study of the femur?

How long can the brain be deprived of oxygen before cerebral function impairment is likely?

2-4 minutes

When administering barium during a BE, it is necessary to suspend the bag _____ inches above the table to maintain an adequate flow rate.

24-30

How many cranial bones compose the bony orbit?

How many foramina are located in each cervical vertebra?

The right lung has how many lobes?

What degree of obliquity is used to visualize the intervertebral foramina for a cervical spine RAO?

45 degrees

What degree of obliquity visualizes the zygapophyseal joints on a lumbar spine?

45 degrees

What is the minimum amount of time a patient should be upright before taking a projection to demonstrate intrabdominal free air?

5 minutes

What type of CR angle is required for a lateral L5-S1 position if the spine is unsupported?

5 to 8 degrees caudad angle

Which metatarsal bone of the foot has a prominent tuberosity frequently fractured?

5th

The base of the patella is number?

Per your textbook, the normal number of pulse beats/min in the average adult is:

60 - 100 BPM

How many bones are found in both lower extremities? (This is the total of all of the lower extremity bones).

The zygapophyseal joints for the typical cervical vertebra lie at an angle of ____ in relation to the midsagittal plane.

90°

A normal oxygen saturation value is represented by which of the following percentages?

95 - 100%

Which one of the following is the anterior view of the proximal femur?

If the patient has the large bowel removed at the sigmoid area and the opening is made on the anterior surface of the abdomen, the patient is said to have:

A colostomy

4. feed and medicate patients who are unable to swallow.

1, 3, and 4 only; Keep stomach free, Control bleeding, Feed and medicate

Identify the projection below:What position would accompany the image seen below for a complete examination?

AP thoracic spine

Which projection of the knee will best evaluate it for degenerative disease (Arthritis - lack of menisci) of the knee joint?

AP weight-bearing projection

A patient who complains of tightness in the chest and dyspnea, begins vomiting, and has urticaria most likely suffers from:

Anaphylactic shock

When a Hispanic patient is apprehensive about the examination, you should:

Ask about the patient's family and interests before focusing on his/her health issues.

Many healthcare organizations now prefer using only first names or only last names when calling a patient from the waiting area. Once out of the public area, what is the best way to gain your patient's trust and build respect?

Ask the patient how he/she would like to be addressed.

Wasting away or decrease in the size of a muscle is termed:

Atrophy

Which specific aspect of the sacrum articulates with the ilium to form the sacroiliac joint?

Auricular surface

Identify the following projection:

AP Oblique projection 45 degree medial rotation

Which of the following will best demonstrate AC separation?

AP erect, affected shoulder with weights

This radiograph represents which of the following positioning errors? (Hint: Look at the position of the fibula)

Lateral knee under rotated toward the IR

A radiograph of an AP knee reveals that the joint spaces are not equally open and the proximal fibula is superimposed over the tibia. Which specific positioning error lead to this radiographic outcome?

Lateral rotation of lower limb

When checking a patient for signs of cyanosis, the radiographer should note the coloration of the:

Lips & nail beds

Drugs are primarily metabolized in the:

Liver

According to your text, routine hand washing employs which of the following methods of infection control?

Medical asepsis

Which of the following structures serve as a shock absorber within the knee joint?

Menisci

Which positioning line must be placed parallel to the IR for a lateral position of the cranium?

Midsagittal

27. Mrs. Elizabeth Dunbar is 86 years old and a bit confused. She is most likely to respond appropriately if you address her as:

Mrs. Dunbar

Referring to the image seen below, where does the central ray exit?

Nasion

Found on the medial side of the foot between the talus and three cuneiforms:

Navicular

What is the name of the tarsal bone found on the medial side of the foot between the talus and three cuneiforms?

Navicular

Films taken within the first 3 minutes after injection for excretory urography that demonstrate a hazy opacification to the entire kidney structure are referred to as:

Nephrograms

Epistaxis is the medical term for:

Nosebleed

A brief, mild reduction in the oxygen supply to the brain occurring with changes in body position that may cause the patient to feel faint is called?

Orthostatic hypotension

Which of the following is not a component of ethical analysis?

Determining who is at fault

Which of the following is typically associated with shock?

Decreasing blood pressure

The study of the human body in relation to the working environment is called:

Ergonomics.

Match the structure demonstrated with the examination: Cardiac sphincter

Esophagram

Which cranial bone contains the crista galli?

Ethmoid

Which two bones form the bony nasal septum?

Ethmoid and vomer

A radiograph of an AP open-mouth projection reveals that the base of the skull is superimposed over the dens. What positioning error led to this radiographic outcome?

Excessive extension of the skull

A radiograph of a PA oblique of the hand reveals that the midaspect of the fourth and fifth metacarpals is partially superimposed. What specific positioning error has been committed?

Excessive lateral rotation

What type of respiration should be used for abdominal radiography?

Expiration

Identify the following image:

External oblique knee

With the patient in the upright position, free air in the peritoneum will sink to the lowest point in the abdominopelvic cavity.

False

Which ribs are considered to be true ribs?

First through seventh ribs

When positioning or transporting a patient who has undergone hip replacement via the anterior surgical approach, which of the following movements is usually well tolerated?

Flexion to no more than 90 degrees

A radiograph of an AP thoracic spine projection reveals that the upper thoracic spine is overexposed. The lower vertebrae have acceptable density and contrast. Which of the following modifications will improve the visibility of the upper thoracic spine?

Place the upper spine under the anode side of the tube.

Joan Gordon, 72, has dentures, glasses, and a hearing aid. You should:

Place them in a container in the x-ray room and inform her of their location

Flexing the fingers for a PA projection of the wrist causes which of the following?

Placement of the carpal bones closer to the IR

Identify the pathology in the radiography below:

Pleural effusion (fluid in lung field)

The process by which blood rushes to a traumatized in attempt to provide nourishment to the skin causing redness and heat is termed:

Reactive hyperemia

If a patient has an IV attached to a pump and his/her gown becomes soiled, the technologist should:

Remove the gown from the unaffected arm and place it to one side of the table, replacing the gown with a clean one over the unaffected side and chest only.

The acronym RACE stands for what?

Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Evacuate

Mandatory, specific, and enforceable standards minimally acceptable professional conduct for all registered technologists are called?

Rules of ethics

Which of the following occurs in many patients and is defined as an expected outcome to the introduction of iodinated contrast media?

Some metallic taste in mouth and a temporary hot flash

The dorsum sellae is an aspect of the ____ bone.

Sphenoid

Treating an item for the complete removal of microorganisms and their spores is called:

Sterilization

What is the error on this AP projection on the upper ribs?

The CR is entering too low

Why does this image need to be repeated?

The CR is entering too low

Which of the following sites is commonly selected for lumbar puncture to instill a contrast agent for myelography?

The L3-L4 interspace

Why is the RAO position preferred for a radiographic study of the sternum over the LAO position?

The RAO will place the sternum over the heart shadow

Which of the following is not required in an examination of acromioclavicular joints?

The SID is 40"

Anterior arch

Lateral masses

Axis

Dens

Typical cervical vertebra

Vertebra prominens

Extreme thirst, headache, drowsiness, a warm dry skin, and a sweet odor to the breath are signs of:

Hyperglycemia

In which body type is the transverse colon located higher than normal in the abdominal cavity?

Hypersthenic

An examination performed specifically for the detection of lesions in the duodenum distal to the duodenal bulb and for the diagnosis of pancreatic disease is:

Hypotonic duodenography

The body's sec0nd line of defense against inf includes:

Inflammatory response

What is the special precaution taken when obtaining a mobile abdomen x-ray on a patient lying on an air mattress?

Inflate the mattress to firm up and level the bed before placing the IR

The smallest of the cuneiforms:

Intermediate cuneiform

The iliac crest corresponds to the level of:

L4-5 interspace

Which one of the following positions would elongate the left axillary ribs?

LPO

Articulates with the second, third, and fourth metatarsals:

Lateral cuneiform

Identify the positioning error in the image below:

The chin is extended too much

Injection of a contrast medium into the subarachnoid space for a myelogram is an example of?

The intrathecal route of medication administration.

The difference between a certified interpreter and a family member who assumes this role may be significant. Which of the following is NOT a reason to use a certified interpreter?

The patient tends to feel left out or not involved in the conversation.

A contraindication for a cystogram is:

The pt is 6-weeks pregnant

You should not use your thumb to take a pulse because:

The pulse in your thumb may be felt instead of the patient's pulse

Which of the following statements applies?

The radiographer must wear gloves.

What is the minimum number of projections that should be taken for this study?

Two

Which of the bones of the forearm is medial in anatomical position?

Ulna

Identify the position demonstrated in the radiograph below:

Ulnar deviation

Ribs 1, 2, 11, and 12 are considered atypical ribs.

True

An animal or insect that carries disease by depositing microbes through bite or sting:

Vector

The drug _____ which is used to reduce gastric motility and reduce cramping is contraindicated in an insulin-dependent diabetic patient.

glucagon

The vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves describes the:

median or midsagittal plane.

The name of the radiographic projection in which the CR enters the medial aspect of the knee and exits the lateral aspect is?

mediolateral

Which of the following anatomic terms describes the palm of the hand?

palmar

The part of a structure closest to the reference point (trunk) is:

proximal

The plane of the body which passes through the body at right angles to the mid-sagittal plane and divides the body into superior and inferior portions is called:

transverse plane

What type of CR angle is required for a posterior position of the Cervical spine?

15 degrees cephalad

What type of CR angle is required for the AP oblique position of the cervical spine?

15-20 degrees cephalad

An IV standard should be placed _____ inches higher than the level of the vein.

18-20

A scout image is taken as a part of a contrast study of the colon to: 2. Provide technical assistance 3. Evaluate effectiveness of patient preparation

2 and 3 only; Provide technical assistance, Evaluate effectiveness of patient preparation

Respondeat superior:

"Let the master answer", the employer is legally responsible for the actions of its employees

Res Ipsa Loquitur:

"The thing speaks for itself", in these cases the defendant is required to prove innocence.

Forms of intentional misconduct include:

A. slander B. invasion of privacy

The radiographer must use strict infection control measures that include blood and body substance precautions for:

All patients who enter the diagnostic imaging department

Which of the following listings is the most reliable predictor of risk of allergic response to contrast media?

Allergy history

A manual method or physical or mechanical device attached or next to a patient's body to limit that patient's freedom of movement or access to his body is considered to be:

An immobilizer

A tube that is placed into the upper respiratory tract to improve access to the lower respiratory tract is called a:

Endotracheal

The purpose of using contrast media in gastrointestinal studies is to:

Enhance visualization of the soft tissues of the alimentary canal

Which one of the following conditions is a common pathologic indicator for a small bowel series?

Enteritis

Identify the position of the abdomen below:

Erect

A radiograph of an LPO projection of the lumbar spine reveals that the downside pedicle is projected too far posterior in the vertebral body. What specific positioning error is present on this radiograph?

Excessive rotation of the spine

Ethical codes should do all of the following except:

Explain why the professional needs no rules by which to practice

To localize a foreign body in the hand, the lateral projection should be made with the hand in ________.

Extension

Lateral sternum projections are taken on expiration to prevent the heart from superimposing over the sternum

False

The only drugs able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier:

Fat soluble

Where is the CR centered for an AP projection of the hip?

Femoral neck

Which is not one of the reasons that you should let a child keep her stuffed toy with her when she gets her x-ray examination?

It will fulfill a physiologic need.

What two bony landmarks are palpated for positioning of the elbow?

Humeral epicondyles

Barium sulfate is ______, that is, it absorbs water.

Hygroscopic

Which type of body habitus requires the IR be placed crosswise rather than lengthwise for a PA chest?

Hypersthenic

Which type of body habitus routinely requires that the image receptor be placed lengthwise rather than crosswise for a PA chest?

Hypersthenic

Which of the following conditions is LEAST likely to be an adverse reaction to the intravenous injection of aqueous iodinated contrast media?

Hypertension

Which of the following is not a sign of shock?

Hypertension

A patient has come to the radiography department for an upper GI series. While taking the scout film, you notice that he feels clammy and seems confused. When asked, he complains of a headache and tells you he is very hungry. He most likely is suffering from:

Hypoglycemia

A PA Chest reveals that the left sternoclavicular joint is superimposed over the spine. Would this be a rotation into a RAO or LAO position?

LAO

Where is the CR centered for a transthoracic lateral projection?

Level of surgical neck

The ability of a causative organism to cause disease is termed:

Pathogenicity

Identify the error in the following image:

Patient is rotated into an LPO

Which two conditions must be met for a decubitus position?

Patient must be lying down and a vertical x-ray beam is utilized.

Which of the following factors must be observed for an AP erect abdomen projection?

Patient needs to be upright a minimum of 5 minutes prior to imaging.

If a place on the sterile field becomes wet, the radiographer should:

Place several thicknesses of sterile towels or an impervious drape over the wet area

The gateway through which a pathogen enters or leaves the host is called a:

Portal

Which one of the following positions is required as part of a sternum positioning routine?

RAO

Which position of the cervical vertebral column best demonstrates the right intervertebral foramina when the central ray is angled 15 to 20 degrees caudad?

RAO

To best demonstrate the sternum, the patient should be rotated into the __________ position to image the sternum ___________.

RAO; within the heart shadow

Of the following actions, which one will remove the scapulae from the lung fields?

Roll shoulders forward

A radiograph of a lateral projection of the facial bones reveals that the mandibular rami are not superimposed. What specific positioning error is present on this radiograph?

Rotation

A radiograph of an AP pelvis projection demonstrates narrowing of the left obturator foramina as compared to the right. What specific positioning error is present?

Rotation of left hip toward the IR

A radiograph of an AP open-mouth projection of the cervical spine reveals that the zygapophyseal joints are not symmetric. What positioning error can lead to this radiographic outcome?

Rotation of the spine

A radiograph of an AP projection of the abdomen reveals that the right iliac wing is wider than the left. What type of positioning error was involved?

Rotation toward the right

Which of the following structures is part of the lymphatic system?

Spleen

A motor vehicle accident has brought three patients into the emergency room, and all three need x-rays. Sam Brown has a displacement of his left shoulder. Michaela Black has multiple abrasions and pain in her right leg. Sue Scarlett, the driver, has no visible injuries, but has become increasingly cross and drowsy. What should be your first response?

Stop Sue Scarlett's procedure immediately and notify the emergency room physician

Situation: A patient enters the ED with a possible fracture of the right zygomatic arch. Which of the following routines would best diagnose a possible fracture of this structure?

Submentovertex, bilateral oblique tangential, and AP axial

When a patient is unable to cope with secretions or emesis because of a low level of consciousness, the emergency treatment most likely needed is:

Suction

Patient education must include all but which of the following factors?

Summary of the radiographic findings

What is the joint classification of the zygapophyseal joints?

Synovial/diarthrodial

If your patient is febrile, you may have a vital sign reading of:

T 102 F

A PA chest radiograph reveals that only eight ribs are seen above the diaphragm. Which of the following suggestions would improve the inspiration of lungs?

Take exposure on the second inspiration rather than on first

Forms an aspect of the ankle mortise joint:

Talus

The most superior tarsal bone:

Talus

The second largest tarsal bone:

Talus

With what bone does the under surface of the tibia articulate with?

Talus

The external auditory meatus (EAM) is located in which cranial bone?

Temporal

What is the repeatable error on the KUB below?

The symphysis pubis is not demonstrated

Radiographers should make sure a patient is wearing his/her gripper-soled slipper sox before attempting a wheelchair transfer.

True

True or False: Signs of impending syncope include pallor, dizziness and nausea, rapid breathing and heartbeat, and cold, clammy skin.

True

True or False: The petrous ridges projected below the maxillary sinuses is a criteria for an acceptable waters method.

True

When caring for a patient who has a newly applied cast, it is important to check the patient every 15 minutes for impaired circulation and nerve compression.

True

A vehicle is a substance, including food or water, which is contaminated with a pathogen and can transport disease:

Vehicle

The best method of evaluating injuries to the menisci and ligaments of the knee joint involves:

an MRI procedure.

A diet that excludes tough meats, fruits, raw vegetables and other foods containing fiber is known as a _____ diet and is part of the preparation for contrast studies of the gastrointestinal system.

low residue

Which of the following is considered an irregular bone?

vertebrae

The joints between articular processes of vertebra are termed:

zygapophyseal joints.

Patients who require priority scheduling for studies that require fasting are: 1. Emergencies 2. diabetic patients 3. infants and small children 4. geriatric patients

1, 2, 3 and 4; Emergencies, Diabetics, Infants and small children, Geriatrics

Before helping a patient rise from a wheelchair, you should: 1. position the wheelchair in a convenient place. 2. set the brakes. 3. remove the lap cover. 4. move the foot and leg rests out of the way.

1, 2, 3 and 4; Position wheelchair, Set brakes, Remove lap cover, Move foot and legs rest

It is legally acceptable to annotate (add a digital) "right or left" on a radiograph if the anatomic side marker is not visible.

False

Once a sterile field has been prepared, it must be covered to prevent accidental contamination so it can be left unattended.

False

The LPO cervical spine position demonstrates the intervertebral foramina and pedicles on the closest to the IR.

False

The LPO thoracic spine shows the Left Zygapophyseal joints.

False

The arm should be abducted about 45 degrees for an AP scapula.

False

The coracoid process is located on the proximal ulna.

False

The correct CR placement for an AP projection of the knee is midpatella.

False

The left kidney is generally slightly lower, or more inferior, than the right.

False

The mediolateral projection of the femur will demonstrate the entire femur with one, single exposure?

False

The recommended SID for AC joints is 40 inches.

False

The scottie dog sign is demonstrated with oblique projections of the thoracic and lumbar spine.

False

The trachea serves as a passageway for both food and air.

False

True or False: Barium is a relatively nontoxic contrast agent; therefore, no special precautions need be considered concerning its administration.

False

True or False: If both procedures are ordered on the same day, a barium enema must be performed before an IVU.

False

True or False: Ribs 7 through 10 are considered false ribs.

False

True or False: The Judd method is intended to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joint between C1 and C2.

False

True or False: The anterior oblique thoracic spine demonstrates the upside zygapophyseal joints.

False

True or False: The patella is drawn into the intercondylar sulcus when the knee is overextended.

False

Mary Nilworth is scheduled for a MRI procedure. She tells the radiographer that she is afraid that she may not be able to tolerate this examination because she is claustrophobic. The radiographer states, "Don't worry. It will be simple and will be over quickly." This is an example of:

False reassurance and is non-therapeutic

When family members make angry and persistent demands on the staff, this is most likely the result of:

Fear over the condition of their relative.

Select the correct gender to correspond with the following pelvic characteristics. Round and large pelvic inlet:

Female

The below AP pelvic image is male or female?

Female

Identify 1 criteria for evaluating a lateral knee image

Femoral condyles should be superimposed

What positioning routine should be performed for the trauma patient who is unable to lie prone for a sternum series?

LPO and horizontal beam lateral. (The LPO position will replace the RAO for the patient who is unable to assume the RAO. The horizontal beam lateral will provide a second perspective of the sternum.

Situation: A patient is in ICU after abdominal surgery. The surgeon is concerned about a possible perforated bowel. The patient can't stand or sit. Which of the following positions will best demonstrate any possible intra-abdominal free air in the region of the liver?

Left lateral decubitus

A patient is erect with the lt side directly against the image receptor. The central ray enters the rt side of the body. What is this position?

Leftt lateral

Low-osmolar contrast agents, as compared to high-osmolar agents, are:

Less likely to initiate an allergic response

Identify the anatomy indicated by the letter C:

Lesser Tubercle

Identify the anatomy indicated by the number 7:

Lesser sciatic notch

Which one of the following landmarks cannot be palpated directly?

Lesser trochanter

Which one of the following landmarks is not a palpable bony landmark?

Lesser trochanter

Which landmark is not demonstrated if the lower limbs have been rotated properly for an AP projection of the pelvis?

Lesser trochanters

Which of the following should not be seen on a well positioned AP pelvis projection?

Lesser trochanters

Which of the following signs or symptoms is typically associated with a deteriorating head injury?

Lethargy

Identify the following radiographic image:

PA oblique RAO UGI

To most effectively demonstrate injured anterior ribs 5, 6, and 7 on the left side, which two projections should be included as part of the rib series?

PA projection- PA oblique with patient RAO

Which one of the following projections would be performed to confirm a fracture of the scaphoid bone?

PA projection-ulnar deviation

Identify the following image:

PA prone abdomen

What are the routine projections for a wrist examination?

PA, lateral and PA medial oblique

Which of the following cranial bone are paired?

Parietal

Identify the anatomy indicated by the green areas:

Parietal Pleura and Diaphragm

A patient enters the ED with facial bone injuries. The physician is concerned about a possible blow-out fracture of the left orbit. Which of the following three-projection routines would best diagnose this injury?

Parietoacanthial, 30 degree PA facial, and lateral facial

For approximately 8 hours following myelography, the patient is:

Placed supine with the head elevated

Which of the following terms describes the sole of the foot?

Plantar

The first step you should follow in assisting a patient from a wheelchair to the x-ray table is to:

Position the wheelchair at a 45 degree angle to the table and lock the brakes.

The patient is lying on her right side with her lt side on a pillow elevated at an angle and the central ray is going from the posterior to the anterior. What position and projection is this?

RAO PA

A patient is lying on her back facing the x-ray tube. The right posterior side of her body is turned 20 degrees toward the image receptor. What is this radiographic position?

RPO

A patient is lying on her back facing the x-ray tube. The right side of her body is turned 20 degrees toward the IR. What is this position?

RPO

A radiograph of the left sacroiliac joint demonstrates it open and clearly seen. Which of the following positions was performed?

RPO

What position best demonstrates the splenic flexure?

RPO

The pt is lying on her back with her left side angled 15 degrees, the cr enters through her stomach and exists her back onto the ir. What is the position and projection?

RPO, PA

In the lateral projection of the second finger, the hand should rest on it's _____ surface.

Radial

Identify the radiographic anatomy indicated by H:

Radial tuberosity

Which of the following conditions may prohibit the performance of an IVP (this has to do with contrast)?

Renal failure

Situation: A study of a prosthetic hip demonstrates that the end of the prosthesis is cut off on the AP projection but the entire device is demonstrated on the lateral projection. What should the technologist do next?

Repeat the AP projection only.

A radiograph of an AP pelvis projection reveals that the lesser trochanters are well demonstrated. What is the next step the technologist should take for this procedure?

Repeat the projection with additional 15 to 20 degree internal rotation of the lower limbs

When an elderly female outpatient has bruises, abrasions, and decubitus ulcers, you should:

Report suspected elder abuse to your supervisor while the patient is still present

This microorganism thrives in an environment called a_____. It is contained here until it finds a way out known as a: _____. Once the microorganism has reached the outside environment, it must have a way or: _____ to reach another susceptible host, one with lowered resistance. Once it has found this individual (or cell), it still must have a route by which to gain access into this host called a _____.

Reservoir; Portal of exit; Means of transmission; Portal of entry

Which of the following are considered microorganisms?

Ricksettae

A lumbar spine RPO visualizes which zygapophyseal joints?

Right

A patient is recumbent and rotated into a 25 degrees LPO position. The CR is directed one inch medial to the right ASIS. What SI joint is demonstrated?

Right

Which intervertebral foramina is visualized on a cervical spine RAO?

Right

Which zygapophyseal joints are visualized on a thoracic spine LPO?

Right

You have completed an LPO C-spine image. Which intervertebral foramina are visualized?

Right

Identify the position of the patient in this image of an upper gastrointestinal series:

Right Lateral

What projection needs to be repeated?

Right Lateral

Identify the following image:

Right Lateral UGI

The best position to demonstrate the retrogastric space:

Right Lateral UGI

Which lung has a horizontal fissure as well as an oblique fissure?

Right Lung

Which anatomical structure is best demonstrated in this position?

Right Zygapophyseal joint

Which abdominal muscles run on each side of, and medial and posterior to, the kidneys?

Right and left psoas major

The name of the position in which the pt's rt side is placed against the ir and the cr enters the lt side of the body is the?

Right lateral

Situation: A patient enters the ED with a possible pneumothorax in the left lung. Due to trauma, the patient can't stand or sit erect. Which of the following positions would best demonstrate this condition?

Right lateral decubitus

The image below demonstrates which position of the chest?

Right lateral decubitus

What position is demonstrated in the image below?

Right lateral decubitus

In which of the four major quadrants of the abdomen would the cecum be found?

Right lower quadrant

Which main bronchus do aspirated objects most likely lodge themselves into?

Right main bronchus

Which of the following structures is best demonstrated with a RPO lumbar spine position?

Right zygapophyseal joints

A patient come to radiology for a routine study of the cranium. He is unable to flex his head and neck sufficiently to place the OML perpendicular to the image receptor for the AP axial projection. What should the technologist do to compensate for this problem?

Use IOML and increase angulation of CR by 7 degrees

When a patient who has not stood or walked since an accident, stroke, or surgery must be taken to the imaging department, the best method is to:

Use a stretcher.

A radiograph of a lateral thoracic spine projection demonstrates poor visibility of the thoracic vertebrae due to the overlap of ribs and lung markings. What can be done to improve the visibility of the vertebral bodies during the repeat exposure?

Use breathing technique.

Which of the following factors will enhance the visibility of the vertebral bodies during a lateral projection of the thoracic spine?

Use of a breathing technique

The correct placement for an ET tube is approximately 5-7 cm above the ________________.

carina

Identify structure 14:

Cuboid

What position is demonstrated on this image

RAO esophagus

If the exposure time required to produce an optimal exposure for a particular procedure is 1 second at 100 cm SID, what exposure time would be required to produce the same exposure at 50 cm SID:

0.25 sec

The normal range of creatinine in an adult is?

0.6 to 1.5 mg/dL

The ECG monitors which of the following? 1. The electrical activity of the heart 2. The heart's rate and rhythm

1 & 2 only; Electrical activity; Heart rate and rhythm

Using the hip localization method one, the femoral head can be located:

1 1/2 inch (4 cm) below the midpoint of the imaginary line between the ASIS and Symphysis pubis.

If multiple images are to be taken during a surgical procedure, the radiographer must: 1. Ask all unnecessary personnel to leave the OR 2. Ascertain that all members of the scrub team are wearing protective radiation apparel 3. Depend on the circulating nurse to perform the safety check

1 and 2 only; Ask all unnecessary personnel to leave the OR, Ascertain that all members of the scrub team are wearing protective radiation apparel

A patient suffering from severe abdominal pain will be most comfortable when: 1. the head is elevated. 2. a bolster is placed under the knees.

1 and 2 only; Head is elevated; Bolster under knees

Which of the following rami are a part of the pubis bone? 1. Superior 2. Inferior

1 and 2 only; superior and inferior

3. BUN, creatinine levels & eGFR

1, 2 and 3; Allergy HX, Baseline bp, BUN, creatinine & eGFR

A well inspired average adult chest PA projection will have a minimum of ____ posterior ribs seen above the diaphragm.

How many thoracic vertebrae have a small concave facet on the transverse process, for articulation with the tubercle of a rib?

What CR angle is generally required for the DP projection of the foot?

10 degree posterior

What type of CR angulation is required for an AP axial projection of the coccyx?

10 degrees caudad

What type of CR angle is required for the AP axial projection of the foot?

10 degrees posterior

Which of the following is classified as a floating rib?

11th rib

The normal adult resting respiration is about:

12 - 20 breaths/min

The normal adult resting respiration is about?

12-20 breaths/min

How many bones make up the phalanges of the hand?

Which of the following tube angle and direction combinations is correct for an axial PA projection of the clavicle?

15 - 30 degrees caudad

Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and a PA projection performed. What is the central-ray angle for this projection?

15 degrees caudad

In the language of body mechanics, the base of support refers to:

A line between the points of contact with a horizontal surface

When patients who suffer from a chronic lung disease, such as emphysema, experience respiratory distress, they should receive:

A low flow rate of oxygen (2 L/min or less)

Assault:

A perceived threat to the patient such as, "Be good or I won't let your mom come back"

Describe the body shape that requires a radiolucent sponge to be used to position the lumbar vertebral column parallel with the IR. Where is the sponge placed? If a sponge can't be placed what alternative method can be used?

A thin hour glass shaped patient requires a radiolucent sponge. The sponge would be placed under the lumbar spine to even out the curve in the spine. If a sponge can't be used then a 5-8 degree angle on the tube would help.

You are imaging a Cervical spine. Correctly match the intervertebral foramina to the position in which it corresponds: A. LPO B. RPO C. LAO D. RAO

A. Right foramina B. Left foramina C. Left foramina D. Right foramina

Per the cadaver lab: which endocrine glands are superomedial to each kidney?

Adrenal glands

The term that refers to discrimination against people because of their age is ___________.

Ageism

An attitude that involves hostility or anger is termed?

Aggressiveness

The broad, curved aspect of the ilium is called the:

Ala

When is touching a patient valuable? For emotional support. For emphasis. To feel pathology or bony landmarks

All of the above

Which of the cranial bone house sinus cavities?

All of the above

Which of the following is true with nonionic type contrast media? Low osmolality. The inability to dissociate into two separate ions. Less chance of reaction. All of the above.

All of the above

Which of the following technical factors do not apply to lateral nasal bone projections? Should not use aec. Use low to medium kv. Use a small focal spot.

All of the above apply; Low to medium kV, Small focal spot

A drug that acts by attaching to receptors on a cell, much like a key in a lock, is called a:

Antagonist

Which of the fontanels is the last to close at about 18 months of age?

The prominent protuberance found on the anterior aspect of the ilium is the _______________.

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

The body's third line of defense is:

Antibody production

The drug that treats a toxic effect is called an:

Antidote

A conscious patient whose hands are moist and trembling is most likely suffering from:

Anxiety

Why is the left lateral decubitus preferred over the right lateral decubitus abdomen for an acute abdomen series?

Any intraperitoneal air will be visualized along the lower liver margin.

Identify structure 7:

Apex of the patella

If a patient's heart rate is 37 bpm, he is said to have:

Bradycardia

Which one of the following drugs is often given before an IVU to reduce the risk of a contrast media reaction?

Benadryl

Which one of the following is not a proper method of protecting your back from injury when moving a patient?

Bend carefully at the waist

Principle 2 of the ARRT Code of Ethics, "The Radiologic technologist acts to advance the principle objective of the profession to provide services to humanity with full respect for the dignity of mankind." establishes the concept of:

Beneficence

Why is the PA rather than the AP recommended for a small bowel series?

Better separation of loops of small intestine

Where would the interphalangeal joint be found in the foot?

Between the phalanges of the first digit

The RAO position for the sternum demonstrates the sternum:

Between the vertebral column and axilla on the left side of the body

A black, tarry substance in the stool is an indication of:

Bleeding from the UGI tract

The vital sign that most accurately indicates the condition of shock is the:

Blood pressure

An ileus is the formal term for:

Bowel obstruction

The factors involved in the spread of disease are often called the:¬¬______.

Cycle or chain of infection

Which structure or bone contains the sustentaculum tali?

Calcaneus

The human body can incorporate radium into bone because it is chemically similar to:

Calcium

Fear and anxiety cause many patients to suffer from a dry mouth. When a patient complains of thirst, you should:

Check the chart before offering anything

A topical antiseptic solution, such as Betadine, is used to perform which of the listed procedures?

Chemical sterilization

An infant with newborn atelectasis would most likely require radiographs of the:

Chest

Which one of the following is not a component of the bony thorax?

Clavicle

This AP pelvis was completed as a component of a hip exam. What additional projection is required for a non-trauma study?

Cleaves (frog-leg) lateral

Which of the following structures is located most superior within the cranium?

Clivus

Which of the following treatment situations presents the greatest risk to the patient if momentarily disconnected?

Closed chest drainage

When sterile drapes are placed by a sterile person, the drape should cover the area:

Closest to them first

The term diaphoretic means:

Cold sweat

The patient is standing with the right side of her chest against the IR. What position is this?

Erect right lateral

Direct placement of the medication into the digestive tract, orally, rectally, or via nasogastric tube, is referred to as the ______________route of administration.

Enteral

The most common and frequent means by which an infection is spread is by?

Direct/indirect contact

An ionic iodinated contrast agent is one that:

Dissociates into charged particles in solution

In the oblique projection of the hand, the central ray is directed to:

Distal end of the third metacarpal

The tendency of barium to clump is known as:

Flocculation

When iodinated media are mixed with incompatible medications, the contrast agent may undergo a chemical change, resulting in solid particles that precipitate with potential for very serious consequences. To avoid the possibility of this complication when injecting medication through an existing IV line you should:

Flush the catheter with saline before and after injection of the contrast medium

When scheduling patient for a series of diagnostic studies, examinations involving the use of barium are usually scheduled:

Following ultrasound studies of the abdomen.

An object that has been contaminated by an infectious person, and when another person touches that object, the infectious agent is transferred to that person:

Fomite

When transporting a patient by stretcher, the use of safety belts or side rails is required:

For all patients

How many sinus groups should be clearly demonstrated in a lateral sinus projection?

Four

Describe the location of the fracture in the image below:

Fracture of the medial malleolus

All of the following projections can be used to image a patient with a suspected intertrochanteric fracture, except for the:

Frog leg Lateral Hip

Which of the following lateral hip projections cannot be performed on a trauma patient with a possible hip fracture?

Frog leg lateral method

Which of the following projections will project the dens within the shadow of the foramen magnum?

Fuchs method

Identify letter C on the image:

Fundus

Which of the following structures is the ischial tuberosity?

Match the structure demonstrated with the examination: Fundus of the stomach

GI series

The method of sterilization that is primarily used for electrical, plastic, and rubber items that cannot withstand moisture and high temperatures is

Gas sterilization

Which projection is performed to rule out a possible whiplash injury of the cervical spine?

Hyperflexion and hyperextension positions

The Grashey position best demonstrates which anatomical structure?

Glenoid cavity

Which of the following structures is not part of the proximal humerus?

Glenoid fossa

Which of the following shoulder projections best demonstrates the scapulohumeral joint space?

Grashey method (45 degree oblique)

Identify the anatomy indicated by the letter C:

Greater trochanter of the femur

To ensure that the inferior margin of the abdomen is included on a KUB radiograph, the technologist should palpate the:

Greater trochanter or symphysis pubis

Which skull positioning line is placed parallel to the plane of the IR for the SMV projection?

IOML

Match the structure demonstrated with the examination: Renal pelvis

IVP

Which exam best demonstrates the functioning ability of the urinary system?

IVU

A patient who acquires an infection as a direct result of a medical treatment or procedure is said to have an:

Iatrogenic infection

When a patient overreacts or underreacts to a medication or has an unexpected response, the effect is considered to be:

Idiosyncratic

In order for a small bowel series to be considered complete, what body part must be visualized?

Ileocecal valve

What two parts of the gastrointestinal tract does the ileocecal valve separate?

Ileum and cecum

At what level is the CR directed for a supine AP projection of the abdomen?

Iliac crest

The superior 2/5 of the acetabulum:

Ilium

When preparing the skin with betadyne swabs for a sterile procedure, the radiographer should scrub:

In a circular motion from inside to outside

Aqueous iodine compounds that are injected into the body are removed from the blood and excreted:

In urine via the kidneys

If a large amount of fluid infuses too quickly, all but which of the following may potentially occur?

Inadequate medication dosage

A radiograph of an AP axial projection of the cervical spine demonstrates a distorted view of the vertebral bodies. The following factors were used during the initial exposure: 40 in. (100 cm) SID, 15 to 20 degrees caudad CR angle, suspended respiration, CR centered to C4. Which of the following is the most likely cause for the suboptimal image?

Incorrect CR angle

What structures should be demonstrated on an LAO of the cervical spine?

Intervertebral foramen closest to the image receptor

When the radiographer begins to position his/her patient, he/she has entered the patient's:

Intimate distance

Which of the following types of medical apparatus should normally remain at a level above the patient, at all times?

Intravenous infusion equipment

The radiographic procedure of the urinary tract that demonstrates renal function is:

Intravenous urogram

A drug usually takes effect most rapidly when administered:

Intravenously

The process of placing an artificial airway through the mouth or nose and into the trachea is commonly called:

Intubation

Your patient is a large woman for whom an abdomen x-ray has been ordered. You do not have an XL gown, but the large gown almost closes completely in the back. You take her from the dressing area, through a common hallway and into the exam room for her procedure. She later complains to the hospital administration and threatens a lawsuit. She can do this because you have been guilty of:

Invasion of privacy

The generic name of a drug:

Is derived from its chemical name

Passive immunity:

Is short term because once the transmitted antibodies are broken down, they are not replaced.

The deficiency blood supply to a body part that is due to swelling or compression is termed:

Ischemia

Which parts of the hip bones support the weight of the body when a person is in the sitting position?

Ischial Tuberosities

Which one of the following structures is considered to be the most posterior? Ischial spines, ASIS, Symphysis pubis, Acetabulum

Ischial spines

Which of the following surface landmarks is located most inferior on the pelvis?

Ischial tuberosity

The posterior 2/5 of the acetabulum:

Ischium

Which bones fuse to form the acetabulum?

Ischium, pubis, and ilium

Which one of the following projections will best demonstrate the structural status of the longitudinal arch of the foot?

Lateral weight-bearing

A patient comes to radiology for an evaluation of the longitudinal arch of the foot. Which of the following projections would provide the best information about the arch?

Lateral weight-bearing projection

A routine cervical spine examination consists of what projections?

Lateral, LPO, RPO, AP, and Odontoid

Which one of the following projections provides a functional study of the cervical spine?

Lateral, hyperflexion, and hyperextension projections

Identify the following projection:

Lateromedial

A patient enters the emergency department (ED) because of a motor vehicle accident (MVA). The patient is on a backboard and wearing a cervical collar. The technologist is concerned about the artifacts that the collar will project on the spine during the horizontal beam lateral projection. What should the technologist do in this situation?

Leave the collar on during the exposure

All but which one of the following statements applies to immobilization?

Leave the patient unattended for only the time it takes to check your images.

A lumbar spine RAO visualizes which zygapophyseal joints?

Left

Which intervertebral foramina is visualized on a cervical spine LPO?

Left

Where should the patient's hands be positioned for an upright lateral sternum?

Locked behind the back

Which bone classification are the metacarpals?

Long

Which of the following topographic landmarks corresponds with L2-L3?

Lower costal margin

Identify the error in the following image:

Lower limbs not internally rotated 15 to 20 degrees

What is the major disadvantage of a PA or an AP projection of the thumb?

Magnification of the thumb anatomy

The failure to use reasonable care or caution in the context of a professional relationship is termed:

Malpractice

Which aspect of the sternum possesses the jugular notch?

Manubrium

Which bony structure is labeled V?

Mastoid process

What is the largest immovable bone of the face?

Maxilla

The inferior border (Floor of the orbit) consist of the ____________ and ____________bone.

Maxilla and Zygoma

Identify the 3 articular processes of the Zygomatic bone.

Maxillary, Temporal and Frontal

Disinfectants are categorized depending on their ability to disinfect. Chlorine compounds are considered high-level disinfectants. This means that they:

May be used to disinfect countertops, floors, and other surfaces

An examination that uses contrast media to visualize the internal surfaces of the spinal canal to aid in the diagnosis of conditions characterized by deformity or crowding of the spinal canal is called a:

Myelogram

An x-ray procedure not documented in the patient's chart is considered:

Not done

When a physician orders NPO for a patient, this means that:

Nothing is to be given by mouth

When RNA is expelled into the cytoplasm, what component in the nucleus assists in the manufacturing of protein?

Nucleolus

What is the term for the inner aspect of the intervertebral disk?

Nucleus pulposus

In a PA projection of the hand, the thumb is in the _______ position.

Oblique

To avoid respiratory motion blur when obtaining a bedside radiograph on a patient connected to a mechanical ventilator, the radiographer should:

Observe the rhythm of the patient's respirations

Which of the following structures is considered to be most posterior? Coronoid process, radial tuberosity, trochlea, olecranon process

Olecranon proceses

Which of the following structures is considered to be most proximal? Head of ulna, Coronoid process, Olecranon process, Radial tuberosity

Olecranon process

When assisting a stroke patient to walk, you should place yourself:

On the patient's weak side.

When opening a sterile pack, the radiographer must?

Open the corner furthest from them first

Which of the following is not an aspect of the sella turcica?

Optic groove

Dosage forms include all of the following except:

Oral, buccal, sublingual

You receive a requisition for a sternum exam. What are the routine projections that you will perform on your patient?

RAO and Lateral

Which of the following clinical indications would mandate the use of an oral, water-soluble contrast agent?

Patient with a possible perforated bowel

A radiograph of an AP projection of the pelvis demonstrates that the left obturator foramen is narrowed and the right one is open. The left ischial spine is demonstrated without pelvic brim superimposition. What is the specific positioning error present on the radiograph?

Patient's pelvis is rotated to the left

A procedure in which a thin needle is inserted directly into the common bile duct is called:

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)

A patient with an injury to the coccyx enters the ER. When attempting the AP projection, the patient complains that it is too uncomfortable to lie on his back. He is unable to stand. What other options are available to complete this study?

Perform a PA rather than an AP projection and reverse the direction of the central ray from caudad to cephalad.

With a true lateral projection of the ankle, the lateral malleolus is:

Projected over the anterior aspect of the distal tibia

The trade name of a medication is also called its:

Proprietary name

In working with a patient, which of the following would be the first priority for attention?

Providing an open airway

Which of the following does not represent a responsibility of the radiographer?

Providing pts w/complete and accurate info regarding dx and tx

On which end of the radius is the radial head located?

Proximal

Where is the fovea capitis located?

Proximal femur

Which bones articulate with the heads of the metacarpal bones?

Proximal phalanges

Which of the following structures should be visualized on a properly exposed AP supine abdomen (KUB) radiograph on a small to average size patient?

Psoas muscle

The anterior 1/5 of the acetabulum:

Pubis

Following balloon inflation, the tip of a correctly placed Swan-Ganz catheter lies in the:

Pulmonary artery

Which of the following is not a means to reduce friction when moving a patient?

Push rather than pull the patient

Identify structure F on the image in question 1 (Hint: a small area that connects the stomach to the duodenal bulb)

Pyloric Sphincter

Ventricular fibrillation:

Quivering of the heart muscle which can cause sudden death

For the UGI examination with the patient recumbent, which projection best demonstrates the duodenal bulb and C-loop in profile?

RAO

What position of esophagram is demonstrated in the image?

RAO

What position of the stomach is on the image below?

RAO

When an upper GI series is delayed because the stomach does not empty due to pylorospasm or poor peristaltic action, it is often helpful to have the patient lie in the: _____ position.

RAO

The term _________________ designates a pyelogram study done in the cystography suite whereby the contrast is administered by the urologist in the direction opposite that which is normal.

Retrograde

The rod in this lumber spine is surgically inserted to treat:

Scoliosis

How can rotation be detected on a rotated AP lumbar image?

Scotty dog location, if the pedicle is too anterior then the image is under rotated and if the pedicle is too posterior the image is over rotated.

All persons present in the OR (zone 3) suring a surgical procedure must wear:

Scrub suits, masks and caps

Protective isolation procedures are necessary for patients with:

Severe burns

Which of the following conditions is considered to be high risk for a contrast media study of the urinary system?

Severe dehydration

If the patient feels "full" after the administration of 150 ml of a cleansing enema solution, you should:

Stop the flow temporarily and allow the patient to change position

The tip of a correctly placed central venous catheter, like the PICC, lies in the:

Superior vena cava

What is the patient's position?

Supine

Barium sulfate is considered to be a:

Suspension

Identify the anatomy indicated by the letter R:

Sustentaculum Tali

Which of the following structures will demonstrate rotation on a PA projection of the chest?

Symmetry of the sternoclavicular articulations

What is the name of the joint found between the superior rami of the pubic bones?

Symphysis pubis

Identify the joint classification of the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ).

Synovial - Hinge - Gliding

Which of the following is not true concerning surgical asepsis?

The cuffs of a sterile gown are considered sterile

Identify the error on this image

The foot is over-rotated and not dorsiflexed: both 1 and 3

What positioning error is evident in the image below?

The lower limbs were not internally rotated

A pulse oximeter is used to measure:

The oxygen saturation of hemoglobin

Which of the following is not necessarily an element of a malpractice charge?

The patient consented to the care

Under which of the following circumstances would aqueous iodine (Gastrografin) be the contrast agent of choice?

The patient has a possible perforation of the GI mucosa

What is the error on this oblique cervical spine?

The patient is obliqued less than 45 degrees

The term pharmacokinetics refers to the study of:

The physiological movement of medications

Which of the following statement is incorrect?

The right lung has two lobes

Which of the following is the best method of transportation to the imaging department for a toddler who is an inpatient?

The safest and most convenient method is to transport the child in a crib.

When caring for a patient who has a chest tube with water-sealed drainage, what must you remember?

The water seal must be maintained at all times

Patients who suffer from orthopnea need to have:

Their heads elevated in order to breathe

Which term best defines or describes the vertebral body of C1?

There is no vertebral body at C1.

What is the problem with this image? (Hint: it looks blurry)

There is respiratory motion on the image

Which one of the following criteria applies to true vs false ribs?

They attach to the sternum with their own costocartilage while false ribs do not; each true rib connects directly to the sternum by its own costocartilage, false do not

Which of the following statements is true with regard to comatose patients?

They may hear and comprehend while apparently unconscious.

Which of the following statements is NOT true with regard to comatose patients?

They must have respirator support as they cannot breathe on their own.

The joint found between the base of the third metacarpal and carpal bone is the ________.

Third Carpometacarpal joint

The orbit is made up of ________cranial bones and _______facial bones.

Three; Four

The second largest bone in the body is the:

Tibia

Identify structure 12:

Tibial tuberosity

What is the name of the large prominence located on the mid-anterior surface of the proximal tibia that serves as a distal attachment for the patellar tendon?

Tibial tuberosity

A radiograph of a lateral projection of the cranium reveals that the orbital plates are not superimposed, one is slightly superior to the other. Which of the following positioning errors led to this radiographic outcome?

Tilt

When removing a retention catheter, the most important step is:

To deflate the balloon

Why would a patient undergo Valsalva's maneuver during an esophagram?

To demonstrate esophageal reflux

Why must the lower limb be rotated 15° to 20° internally for AP hip projections?

To place the femoral neck parallel to the IR

Why is the chin extended for a lateral projection of the cervical spine?

To prevent superimposition of the mandible upon the spine

The thickness or "stickiness" of a substance such as any contrast medium is termed its:

Viscosity

Match the structure demonstrated with the examination: Urethra

Voiding cystogram

Following an accidental needle stick or any occasion on which the skin is broken by a contaminated object, you should:

Wash skin thoroughly, file an incident report, follow institutional procedure.

When a contrast medium is described as aqueous, this means that:

Water is the principal solvent for the iodine compound

Contrast media used for examinations of the urinary tract and the vascular system are various forms of:

Water-soluble iodine compounds

Physical restraints may be used on adults only:

With his/her physician's order

Which of the following offers a valid choice?

Would you like a blanket? Would you like to use the restroom before we begin?

Identify the projection in the image:

Wrist radial deviation

A patient's consent to a radiographic procedure may be?

Written and oral

You have an order to take a chest x-ray on Mr. John Smith. However, you take the chest x-ray on Mr. Joe Smith by mistake; can you and the hospital be sued for battery for this mistake?

Yes

In which of the following statements can the word validation be correctly applied?

You direct back to the patient the main idea he has been stating

Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the facial bones?

Zygoma, midway between the EAM and the outer canthus

The extremely slender body habitus is termed:

asthenic.

Which of the following terms implies that the central ray is angled?

axial

To ensure that the diaphragm is included on the erect abdomen projection, the top of the image receptor should be placed at the level of the:

axilla

The most anterior part of a normal vertebrae is:

body

Another term for the sacral horns is the:

cornu of the sacrum

The plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections is defined as:

coronal plane

A radiograph of an AP medial oblique projection of the foot, if positioned correctly, should demonstrate:

cuboid bone free of superimposed structures

Which is the primary center of ossification and bone growth in a long bone?

diaphysis

The name of the projection in which the cr enters the top of the foot and exits the bottom is:

dorsoplantar

Assuming anatomical position, which of the following anatomy is proximal to the forearm?

elbow

Which is the secondary center for ossification?

epiphysis

A radiograph of a sunrise projection of the patella reveals that the femoropatellar joint space isn't open. The patella is superimposed over the distal femur. The most likely cause of this is:

excessive flexion of the knee.

A minimum of 2 projections are required for a complete examination of any articulation?

false

Adverse effect:

harmful effect

Allergic reaction:

hypersensitivity of immunologic system to drug

For a lateral L5-S1 projection, the CR must be parallel to the:

interiliac line.

A patient is erect with the body rotated so that the lt shoulder and breast are in contact with the ir. The position obtained is:

left anterior oblique

A longitudinal plane that divides the body into equal anterior and posterior parts is the:

midcoronal plane.

Distribution:

movement of drug from bloodstream to body tissues

The much smaller structures that make up nucleic acids are called:

nucleotides

The "first pass" effect describes the partial metabolism of a drug before it is transported to systemic circulation. This occurs:

only in drugs taken orally

The widest portion of the cranium is found at the level of the:

parietal tubercles

The small section of bone found between the superior and inferior articular processes of the lumbar spine is termed:

pars interarticularis.

Absorption:

passage of substances across and into tissues

The bony structures connected directly to the vertebral body are the:

pedicles.

The four main components of the respiratory system include:

pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Which term means the opposite of dorsum?

plantar

Excretion:

process of eliminating substances from the body

Which term is used to describe the path of the central ray?

projection

A patient is lying on her stomach. What position is this?

prone

The term describing the total functioning portions of the kidney is the:

renal parenchyma.

Urine will travel from the major calyces to the ____.

renal pelvis.

The radiographic procedure that is performed to visualize the proximal ureters and kidneys, but does not demonstrate function is:

retrograde pyelogram

The AP oblique bilateral hands projection ("ball-catcher's position") is performed to evaluate for early signs of:

rheumatoid arthritis.

Identify the examination below:

single contrast barium enema

The most posterior aspect of a typical vertebra is the:

spinous process.

The condition of the lumbar spine in which there is anterior displacement of one vertebra over another is termed:

spondylolisthesis.

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

sternum

Turning the arms so that the palm of the hand faces forward or upward is called?

supination

The term dorsum refers to:

top of the foot

The ridge of bone just inferior to the eyebrow is termed the:

supraorbital margin.

Which of the following structures must appear on a KUB?

symphysis pubis

The three functional classifications of joints are:

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis

The sacroiliac joints are classified as ____ joints with ____ mobility.

synovial; amphiarthrodial

The 12 costovertebral joints of the ribs are:

synovial—gliding

Tom Borg, 23, is very anxious about being subjected to radiation from x-rays and complains that his hands and feet are tingling and that he feels dizzy. His temperature is 99° F, pulse rate is 86 beats per minute, and respiratory rate is 40 breaths per minute. The most likely reason for his symptoms is:

tachypnea

The projection that skims the body part:

tangential

The medial malleolus is part of the:

tibia

The widest aspect of the thorax generally occurs at the level of:

the eighth or ninth ribs.

All the following structures are associated with the femur except:

the lesser tuberosity

The structural and functional unit of the kidney is:

the nephron.

The term projection is defined as:

the path of the central ray

An x-ray exam requires the central ray to be angled 20 degrees cephalad. This requires:

the x-ray tube angled toward head

Idiosyncratic reaction:

unexpected effect the 1st time a patient receives a drug

Side effect:

unintended effect that is essentially not harmful

Which projection best demonstrates the floor of the orbits?

Parietoacanthial (Waters)

Match the structure demonstrated with the examination: Terminal ileum

Small bowel

Which of the following factors must be applied to minimize magnification of the heart?

72-inch SID

How many Carpal bones are found in the wrist?

How many carpal bones are found in the wrist?

The cranium consists of how many bones?

The instructions for an upper GI series include: 1. NPO 8-12 hours 2. Low residue diet for 2-3 days 3. No tobacco products or gum before the exam

1 and 3 only; NPO 8-12 hrs, No tobacco products or gum before the exam

Prior to administration of an iodinated contrast media, the patient should be asked which of the following questions: 1. Do you have a history of hay fever or asthma? 2. Have you ever had an examination that involved the use of a contrast medium?

1 and 2; HX of hay fever or asthma, prior exam with contrast

Which of the following conditions cause(s) weakening and inflammation of the colon? 1. Ulcerative colitis 2. Diverticulitis

1 and 2; Ulcerative colitis, Diverticulitis

Which of the following describes the position of the IR for the axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller)? 1. Parallel with the long axis of the femoral neck 2. Its upper border in the crease above the iliac crest

1 and 2; parallel with long axis of femoral neck, upper border in crease above iliac crest

When doing a bedside examination of a critical neonate in the ICU, the radiographer should: 1. perform hand hygiene and don a gown before entering the unit. 3. x-ray the neonate within the incubator.

1 and 3 only; Hand hygiene and don gown, X-ray within incubator

When taking a radiograph of a patient with a new tracheostomy, the following precautions must be observed: 1. Monitor patient closely for respiratory distress. 2. Ensure that suction equipment is available and functioning. 3. Don't unfasten the ties holding the tube in place.

1, 2, and 3; Respiratory distress, Suction equipment, Don't unfasten ties holding tubes

Which of the following can communicate specific messages to the patient? 1. Tone of voice 2. Eye contact 3. Appearance of the radiographer

1, 2, and 3; Tone of voice, Eye contact, Appearance of the radiographer

Following a barium enema study, the RT or student must instruct the patient in follow-up care. These instructions include: 1. Increase fluid intake and fiber in the diet for several days if not medically contraindicated 2. Call his/her physician if he/she has not had a bowel movement within 24 hours 3. His/her stools will appear very light-colored or white

1,2, and 3; Increase fluids, Call Dr if no bm, White stool

Considering a bedridden patient, skin breakdown can occur in as little as?

1-2 hours

Which of the following bones participates in the formation of the obturator foramen? 1. Ilium 2. Ischium 3. Pubis

2. Ischium And 3. Pubis only

The image above demonstrates the patient prone. His affected knee is flexed so the long axis of the lower leg forms a 40 degree angle with the table. The CR is angled _____ degrees to the popliteal depression.

How much CR angulation to the long axis of the foot is required for the plantodorsal (axial) projection of the calcaneus?

40 degrees

How much obliquity is required for a PA oblique projection of the hand?

How much rotation of the thorax is required to best demonstrate the axillary portion of the ribs?

Identify the projection in the image below:

45 degree medial oblique

Identify the projection in the image:

45 degree medial oblique

The zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar vertebrae are ____ in relationship to the midsagittal plane.

45 degrees

The average degree of rotation required to demonstrate the L3-4 zygapophyseal joints is:

45 degrees.

What determines whether a particular rib is a true rib or a false rib?

A true rib is connected directly to the sternum. False ribs are connected by costocartilage to true ribs that connect to the sternum, they do not themselves connect to the sternum. Ribs 11 and 12 are floating ribs that do not connect to the sternum at all.

Identify the following anatomy: A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H.

A. Distal Phalanx. B. Proximal Phalanx. C. Metacarpophalangeal joint of digit 5. D. Proximal Interphalangeal joint of digit 5. E. Carpometacarpal joints. F. Triquetrum. G. Capitate. H. Trapezium

Which projection of the knee will best demonstrate the proximal tibiofibular articulation?

AP oblique with medial rotation

Identify the position of the patient in the double-contrast upper GI series:

What projection would have to be repeated?

Which of the following is not a position?

All three bones of the hip fuse at the:

Acetabulum

Which one of the following bony landmarks helps determine if there is rotation on a lateral projection of the knee?

Adductor tubercle

Which of the following structures is (are) found in the costal groove of each rib? Artery. Vein. Nerve

All of the above; Artery, Vein, Nerve

A sensation of pain or discomfort in the chest that occurs when the coronary arteries are unable to supply the heart with sufficient oxygen may be precipitated by exertion or stress and is usually relieved by rest or the sublingual administration of nitroglycerin. This condition is called:

Angina pectoris

An attitude that is a calm, firm expression of feelings or opinions is termed:

Assertiveness

While you are positioning Soon Park for an erect chest radiograph, she collapses against you and falls to the floor. According to your text, the first thing you should do is:

Assist the patient to a safe position and call for help

In which of the following cases is a certified interpreter NOT required to meet legal requirements when working with a patient who does not speak English?

Assisting the patient when only basic communication is required

A cast should be moved in one piece and supported carefully:

At both joints.

Where is the CR centered for a PA projection of the hand?

At the base of the third metacarpal

Where is the CR centered for an AP projection of the lumbar spine with a 14 x17-inch IR?

At the iliac crest

Where is the bottom of the IR positioned for an AP projection of the ribs (below the diaphragm)?

At the iliac crest

Where must the CR be centered for an AP Supine projection of the abdomen as part of the acute abdominal series?

At the level of the iliac crests

T2-3 intervertebral disk space is found:

At the level of the jugular notch

Which of the following actions is most appropriate in handling a patient who begins a violent seizure?

Attempt to prevent the patient from injuring him or herself

A positive contrast medium creates density difference by:

Attenuating the radiographic beam

Which ethical principle is related to the theory that patients have the right to decide what will or will not be done to them?

Autonomy

Match the structure demonstrated with the examination Sigmoid colon

Microorganisms that can reproduce in every body system and are generally responsive to antimicrobial drugs are:

Bacteria

Which of the following statements meets standard precautions recommendations with regard to handling patient linens?

Bags containing badly soiled or contaminated linen should be marked before sending them to the laundry.

What contrast cannot be given to a patient scheduled for surgery following a GI study due to the increased risk of peritonitis, an inflammation of the serous membrane lining of the abdominal cavity and abdominal organs.

Barium

The contrast media most commonly used for a "double contrast" study of the upper GI tract are:

Barium sulfate and carbon dioxide

When measuring the heart's ability to function in an adequate manner, the radiographer must consider which of the following?

Blood pressure. Respirations. Peripheral pulses. Mental status of the patient All of the above

The amount of time needed to absorb a drug depends on all of the following except:

Blood-brain barrier

A substantial intravenous dose delivered rapidly is called a(n):

Bolus

Which of the following imaging modalities/procedures will best evaluate osteoporosis with the least amount of radiation exposure?

Bone densitometry

Principle 3 of the ARRT code of ethics, "The radiologic technologist delivers patient care and service unrestricted by concerns of personal attributes or the nature of the disease or illness, and without discrimination, regardless of sex, race, creed, religion, or socioeconomic status." Does which of the following?

Both instructs not to discriminate and to know standard precautions

Which vertebral structures unite to form the spinous process of a typical vertebra?

Both laminae

The vertebra prominens corresponds to the level of __________.

A radiograph of a PA axial projection for intercondylar fossa doesn't demonstrate the fossa well. It is foreshortened. The following positioning factors were used: patient prone, knee flexed 40° to 45°, CR angled to be perpendicular to the femur, 40-in SID, and no rotation of the lower limb. Based on the factors used, what changes need to be made to produce a more diagnostic image?

CR must be perpendicular to the lower leg

Identify the position below:

Camp-Coventry Position/ 40 degrees

Situation: A geriatric patient comes to the radiology department for a study of the knee. The patient is unsteady and unsure of himself. Which intercondylar fossa projection would provide the best results without risk of injury to the patient?

Camp-Coventry method

Which carpal bone articulates with the 3rd and 4th metacarpal?

Capitate

Which is the largest of the carpal bones?

Capitate

Identify #2 in the image:

Capitulum and Trochlea

The first thing a patient suffering from hypoglycemia needs is:

Carbohydrates

The central ray (CR) for a PA chest should be:

Centered to level of T7.

Long term parenteral nutrition can be provided through the use of a ________________ catheter such as a Hickman.

Central venous

Which of the following is the first compensatory spinal curvature to develop in the young child?

Cervical

Which aspect of the spine is demonstrated with the Swimmer's (Twining) position?

Cervicothoracic

Which of the following is not one of the seven C's of malpractice prevention?

Compassion

A minimal amount of brain damage, characterized by "seeing stars" or very brief loss of consciousness, is called:

Concussion

Which femoral structure articulates with the tibia:

Condyles

Which aspect of the mandible is best demonstrated with an AP axial projection?

Condyloid process

A common side effect of barium enemas, so the patient must be instructed to increase fluid intake to prevent this.

Constipation

Which cranial suture separates the frontal from the parietal bones?

Coronal

Which term refers to the anterior process of the mandibular ramus?

Coronoid

Identify the anatomy indicated by the letter K:

Coronoid Tubercle

Identify the structure labeled F:

Costophrenic angle

Which of the following structures in only located on the thoracic spine?

Costotransverse articulations

The principal laboratory tests used to evaluate renal function prior to the injection of iodinated contrast media are the eGFR, BUN and:

Creatinine

The foramina for the olfactory nerves are contained within the _____________.

Cribriform plate

Which one of the following hip projections is recommended for a patient with a possible hip fracture?

Cross-table lateral Danelius Miller method

A multi-drawered cabinet on wheels that contains medications, supplies, and equipment needed in the event of a cardiac arrest is called a(n):

Emergency cart

Painful or difficult breathing is called:

Dyspnea

Identify the following imaging method for the hip:

Danielus Miller Method

When a patient does not respond to noises or words spoken out of the range of vision, uses lip movements without making a sound, or speaks in a flat monotone, it is quite likely that the patient is:

Deaf

A radiograph of an AP oblique foot with medial rotation demonstrates considerable superimposition of the third through fifth metatarsals. How must the original position be changed to eliminate this problem?

Decrease obliquity of the foot

A radiograph of a parieto-orbital projection of the optic foramen reveals that the optic foramen is projected into the inferior orbital rim. Which of the following modifications is needed to produce a more diagnostic image?

Decrease the extension of the head and neck

T-wave:

Demonstrates the resting phase of the ventricles

The medical term for perfuse sweating is:

Diaphoresis

Which precaution must be followed when obtaining a bedside chest x-ray on a patient who has recently had a pacemaker implanted?

Do not abduct the left arm

According to principles of skull morphology, a long and narrow skull is described as:

Dolichocephalic

A study of the lower GI tract using barium sulfate and air is:

Double contrast barium enema

Biliary calculi may be removed from the common bile duct using a "stone basket" attached to a gastroscope in the procedure called:

ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography)

The patient in this image has both a/an ____ correctly placed in the trachea and a/an ____ with its tip located in the ____.

ET tube, CV line, Superior vena cava

PVC:

Early ventricular contraction

A small prominence located on the squamous portion of the occipital bone is called the:

External Occipital Protuberance

What physical signs may indicate that a patient has a hip fracture?

External rotation of the affected foot. Affected leg shorter than the unaffected leg.

A radiographer may be found guilty of a tort (civil wrong or injury) if the following type of behavior is demonstrated:

Failure to shield a patient of childbearing age from unnecessary radiation; Performing an examination on a patient who has refused the exam Failing to maintain highest quality radiographs with the lowest possible dose for patient

A patient who suffers from orthostatic hypotension is likely to:

Faint

If the volume of blood in the vessels is decreased due to hemorrhage or dehydration, the blood pressure will:

Fall

A sterile person may lean over an unsterile area to assist in the placement of the C-Arm.

False

In the lateral projection of the second finger, the hand should rest on its ulnar surface.

False

To ensure that the inferior margin of the abdomen is included on a KUB, the technologist should palpate the?

Greater trochanter or symphysis pubis

Which of the labeled structures is the right ischial spine?

During a stressful procedure, the patient suddenly complains of a severe headache. His left eye is wondering, and his speech is slurred. He most likely has:

Had a stroke

Identify the carpal bone that has been dislocated in the image below:

Hamate

Identify the anatomy labeled 6:

Hamulus (hook) of Hamate

Which of the following statements is a true statement regarding nonverbal communication?

Hand gestures, facial expressions, and posture can convey feelings nonverbally.

It is especially important to have suction equipment immediately available for patients who:

Have a new tracheostomy

Identify #9 in this projection:

Head of the 5th metatarsal

A law enacted under the US department of health and human services to protect the privacy rights of patients is called?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Failure to apply pressure to the vein after discontinuing an IV can result in:

Hematoma

An enlarged rectal vein is called a:

Hemorrhoid

The tissue drain that the radiographer is most likely to encounter in the recovery room when imaging a patient post hip or knee surgery is the:

Hemovac

What structure is best demonstrated in this image?

Hepatic flexure

Identify the anatomy labeled I

Hilum

The release of _______________, a compound found in all cells always accompanies an allergic reaction.

Histamine

In obtaining the following image the central ray or X-ray beam must be:

Horizontal

Situation: A patient enters the ED with a possible basilar skull fracture. Which of the following skull projections would best demonstrate any blood present in the sphenoid sinus?

Horizontal beam lateral projection

Another term for an obstruction of the small bowel is?

Paralytic ileus and diverticulosis

The patient is laying on her lt side with her back against the ir, the cr enters her stomach and exits her back. What position is this?

Left lateral decubitus

A radiograph of a plantodorsal (axial) projection of the calcaneus reveals foreshortening. The technologist used 60 kV, 6 mAs, 40-inch (100 cm) SID, and a 30-degree cephalad angle from the long axis of the foot. Which of the following modifications will produce a more diagnostic image of the calcaneus?

Increase CR angulation

The body's second line of the defense against infection includes:

Inflammatory response

Battery:

Inflicting actual bodily harm, performing the wrong exam, or performing an exam against the patient's will.

Which positioning line is parallel to the image receptor for the oblique inferosuperior (tangential) projection of the zygomatic arches?

Infraorbitomeatal

Which one of the following positioning considerations does not apply for an AP projection for ribs below the diaphragm?

Initiate exposure upon inspiration

A radiograph of an RAO of the cervical spine reveals that the lower intervertebral foramina are not open. The upper vertebral foramina are well visualized. Which positioning error may have lead to this radiographic outcome?

Insufficient rotation of the upper body

Today, professional codes are?

Intended as guides to daily practice of the disciplines

Which of the following will be demonstrated in this position?

Intercondyloid fossa

What is the term for the posterior fontanel?

Lambda

Which of the following sutures separates the parietal from the occipital bone?

Lambdoidal

An optical instrument used to visualize the peritoneal cavity during minimally invasive abdominal surgery is called:

Laparoscope

Which of the following positions will best demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine?

Lateral

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate superimposition of carpal bones, radius, and ulna?

Lateral

Which routine projection of the elbow will provide a profile image of the olecranon process?

Lateral

List the names of the scapular borders.

Lateral (axillary) border, Medial (vertebral) border, and Superior border.

Identify the following radiographic image: (notice the arm position)

Lateral Scapula

Which of the following is NOT included in a 3-way acute abdomen series?

Lateral chest

Which of the following lateral projections of the hand is recommended for localization of a metallic foreign body in the palm of the hand?

Lateral in extension projection

Which zygapophyseal joints are visualized on a thoracic spine LAO?

Left

Which image of the cervical spine best demonstrates the zygapophyseal articulations?

Left Lateral

Identify the following position:

Left Lateral Decubitus

This image demonstrates what structures in profile?

Left colic flexure and descending colon

What position of the lumbar spine demonstrates the intervertebral foramen?

Left lateral

A Swan-Gantz catheter is used to diagnose right and left ventricular failure, pulmonary disorders and to monitor the effects of specific medications on heart function. It does this by:

Measuring pulmonary pressure

Which structures of the sphenoid bone help form part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavities?

Medial and lateral pterygoid processes

Articulates with the first metatarsal:

Medial cuneiform

The largest of the cuneiforms:

Medial cuneiform

Identify the position in the image below:

Medial oblique

What projection is demonstrated in the image below?

Medial oblique

The large, bony prominences along the posterior aspect of the sacrum are termed:

Median sacral crest

Identify the projection:

Parietoacanthial

Which positioning line is placed perpendicular to the plane of the image receptor for the parietoacanthial projection?

Mentomeatal

Which of the following medications is a corticosteroid drug that acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, preventing or reducing edema of the tracheobronchial tree and minimizing the possibility of respiratory arrest during allergic reactions?

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)

The intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine are demonstrated with the:

Midsagittal plane parallel to the IR

For an AP projection of the pelvis, the CR is directed:

Midway between ASIS and pubic symphysis

Where is the CR placed for an AP projection of the pelvis?

Midway between the ASIS and the symphysis pubis

Where is the CR centered for a nephrotomogram of the kidneys?

Midway between the iliac crest and the xiphoid process

Which of the following liquids is NOT appropriate for patients on a liquid diet in preparation for a colon examination?

Milk

Ethics is a discipline that deals with:

Morals as they relate to behavior

Identify the following image:

Mortise ankle

A continual threat for HIV or HBV infection for the health care worker is?

Needle sticks

A radiographic technologist locked the wheels but forgot to lift the foot pedals on a patient's wheelchair. The patient tripped over them and fell injuring her arm. What legal term most appropriately applies to this situation?

Negligence

Is this a routine projection of the knee in most health care institutions?

Should a diabetic patient who is hyperglycemic receive Glucagon or a glucose IV?

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the bony nasal septum?

Parietoacanthial

When kVp is increased, overall exposure at the image receptor increases because: Fewer x-rays are emitted from the x-ray tube. The x-ray beam has lower average energy. The x-ray beam penetrates through fewer tissues

None of the above

If a foreign body is lodged in the plantar surface of the foot, which type of central ray angle should be used for the AP projection?

None; use a perpendicular central ray

Which of the following statements regarding nonverbal communication is not true?

Nonverbal behaviors have the same interpretations in all cultures

When a patient has impaired vision, which of the following strategies is LEAST likely to be helpful?

Offer written instructions to provide further assistance.

A patient is prone, with the body rotated so that the right shoulder is in contact with the IR. What is the projection?

A patient enters the ED with an injury to the left anterior lower ribs. Which of the following projections should be taken to demonstrate the involved area?

PA and RAO

Situation: Patient arrives in radiology with a metal foreign body in the palm of the hand. Which of the following hand routines should be performed on this patient to confirm the location of the foreign body?

PA and lateral in extension

Identify the projection below:

PA axial (Tunnel view)

A patient is lying on his left side and the central ray is placed horizontally to exit the umbilicus. This position is called:

PA lt lateral decub

Which of the following central venous catheters may be used for either short or long-term therapy and introduced through a vein in the antecubital fossa?

PICC

Which of the listed biliary imaging procedures presents high risk to the patient and is usually attempted only when immediate information is needed, and more conservative approaches are not practical or have been unsuccessful?

PTC

The patient in this image has had a _____ inserted to regulate the _____.

Pacemaker; Heart rate

Signs of extravasation (infiltration) include:

Pain, swelling, and coolness

Situation: A patient comes to radiology with a request for a right hip study. He is from an extended care facility and is confused about the cause of the injury. The technologist takes an AP pelvis, and when the lateral frog-leg projection is attempted, the patient complains loudly about the pain in his affected hip. What should the technologist do to complete the study?

Perform the cross-table lateral projection

The wavelike muscular contractions of the gastrointestinal tract are known as:

Peristalsis.

What is the name of the double-walled tissue that lines the abdominopelvic cavity?

Peritoneum

How should the humeral epicondyles be positioned for a lateral projection of the elbow?

Perpendicular to image receptor

How should the central ray be directed for the oblique position to best demonstrate the sternum?

Perpendicularly

Patients most prone to falls include all but:

Persons with sensory overload

Which division of the temporal bone contains the organs of hearing and equilibrium?

Petrous

Which aspect of the cranium is the thickest and densest

Petrous portion

Which gland is found within the sella turcica?

Pituitary

How is contrast media normally introduced during a retrograde cystogram?

Retrograde through a catheter

A patient comes to radiology for an upper GI series. Her clinical history indicates that there may be a tumor posterior to the stomach. Which of the following projections/positions will best demonstrate this condition?

Rt lateral

Which of the following structures is located at the level of the ASIS?

S1-2

Which sinus projection best demonstrates an inferosuperior view of the sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses?

SMV

When a patient becomes hostile and threatening, which of the following strategies is NOT appropriate?

Say loudly to the patient that if he/she does not stop right now, you will call security.

The first bone located on the proximal row and lateral side of the wrist is called the:

Scaphoid

Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured?

Scaphoid

In the lateral wrist radiograph, which two carpal bones are located most anteriorly?

Scaphoid and Trapezium

Which one of the following projections would be best for demonstrating a possible dislocation of the proximal humerus?

Shoulder/Scapular Y

An image of the chest demonstrates the scapula in the lung field. Which of the following caused this error?

Shoulders are not rolled forward

Which part of the large intestine is located between the rectum and the descending colon?

Sigmoid colon

Which of the following statements about informed consent is not true?

Signed forms may be filled in after the procedure has been completed

When administering a cleansing enema or inserting the tip for a BE, the patient should be placed in which of the following positions?

Sims

Identify the condition demonstrated in the radiograph below:

Situs inversus

Bacteria may be classified in all but which one of the following ways:

Size

The pterygoid processes project inferiorly from which cranial bone.

Sphenoid

Which cranial bone contains the foramen ovale?

Sphenoid

Which cranial bone houses the organs for vision?

Sphenoid

An intrathecal injection is a direct injection into the:

Spinal canal

All of the following conditions would be considered failure of standard of care except:

The patient's condition did not improve following the exam

Why must the technologist slightly angle the CR caudad for most AP projections of the chest?

This prevents clavicles from obscuring apices of lungs

Why must the tech slightly angle the CR caudad for most AP projections of the chest?

This prevents clavicles from obscuring apices of lungs.

The generational group most likely to accept the world of healthcare professionals without question is?

Those over age 75

What is the minimum number of projections that should be taken for the foot study?

Three

A double-lumen NG tube must never be clamped.

True

By using double-contrast barium sulfate, the ability to detect small lesions is improved.

True

Diabetic patients are generally advised to postpone the administration of their morning insulin until after the exam is complete and the patient is able to have a light breakfast.

True

What is the purpose of performing the partially flexed projections of the elbow?

To provide an AP perspective if patient cannot fully extend elbow

Why are the hips and knees flexed on AP projection of the lumbar spine?

To reduce the lordotic curvature

Disposable, single-use gloves should be worn anytime that the radiographer feels that he/she might:

Touch a patient's blood or body fluids

Identify the anatomy indicated by the letter B:

Trachea

When a qualified interpreter is used for non-English-speaking patients, the interpreter will:

Translate only what is said by and to the patient

Identify the projection in the image:

Transthoracic Lateral Shoulder

Which of the following projections should be performed using a breathing technique? AP clavicle, Scapular Y lateral projection, Inferosuperior axiolateral projection, Transthoracic lateral humerus?

Transthoracic lateral humerus

Which of the following features makes the cervical vertebra unique as compared with other vertebrae of the spine?

Transverse foramina and double (bifid) tips on spinous processes

What is the name of the two bony processes extending laterally from the lamina?

Transverse processes

Identify the anatomy indicated by the letter B:

Trapezium

Which carpal bone articulates with the base of the thumb?

Trapezium

Identify the anatomy labeled 2:

Trapezoid

Identify the anatomy indicated by the letter C:

Triquetrum

Which two structures primarily form the hinge-like structure and movement of the elbow joint?

Trochlea and olecranon process

Which aspect of the ribs articulates with the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae?

Tubercle

Airborne precautions refer to an isolation technique used for patients with:

Tuberculosis or measles (rubeola)

If you smell smoke and smoldering insulation in the area of an x-ray control panel and you are near that area, the first thing you should do is?

Turn off the main power switch

An image of an AP Axial Townes shows the dorsum sellae superior to the foramen magnum. This is an indication of ________________.

Under Angulation

Moving the patientt's arm straight out, away from the body would be called:

abduction

Identify the most superior structure on this diagram:

acromion process

Examples of "flat" bones are the:

calvaria, ribs, scapulae, and sternum.

Which term has the opposite meaning of extension?

flexion

Metabolism:

manner in which drugs are chemically changed in body

After removing a dressing, you should dispose of it by: 1. sealing it in a plastic bag. 3. dropping it into a biohazard container

1 and 3 only; Sealing it in a plastic bag, Drop into biohazard container

Which of the following projections clearly demonstrates the scaphoid in profile? 1. PA in ulnar flexion. 3. PA axial (Stecher Method)

1 and 3; PA ulnar flexion, PA axial (Stecher)

The chief radiographer has asked you to place the pt on an x-ray table in the supine position with the pt Trendelenburg. The pt is: 1. lying on his back 3. tilted so his head is lower than feet.

1 and 3; lying on back, head lower than feet

Research has proven that victims of massive trauma who survive the initial injury have a greater chance of recovery if their condition can be stabilized within the "golden" period, which refers to the first:

1 hr

Where is the CR placed for a mediolateral projection of the calcaneus?

1 inch (2.5 cm) distal to medial malleolus

Which of the following are true regarding sliding board transfer? 1. A bridge should be created with the board between the edge of the radiographic table and the edge of the gurney 2. Three persons are necessary to move a patient of average size and weight 3. Antistatic spray is required to keep the board "slippery", but a sheet to reduce friction is not required.

1 only; A bridge should be created with the board between the edge of the radiographic table and the edge of the gurney

Where does the CR enter on a lateral knee projection?

1" distal to the medial condyle

Which of the following observations should cause you to suspect child abuse? 1. Cigarette burn marks 2. Bruises shaped like hands, fingers, or objects, such as a belt 3. Failure to seek prompt treatment for a serious injury

1, 2 & 3 only; Cigarette burn marks, Bruises, Failure to seek tx for serious injury

To avoid the possibility of decubitus ulcer formation in the elderly, the radiographer should: 1. ensure that the patient's skin stays clean and dry. 2. avoid bumps that may cause contusions and abrasions in the skin. 3. provide padding under bony prominences.

1, 2 & 3 only; Ensure skin stays clean and dry, Avoid bumps; Provide padding

Which of the following can be classified as a physical sign for evaluation of the patient? 1. Cyanosis 2. Diaphoresis 3. Skin pallor

1, 2 & 3; Cyanosis; Diaphoresis; Skin pallor

Medication orders include which of the following? 1. Oral 2. Written 3. Standing

1, 2 & 3; Oral, Written, Standing

Signs and symptoms other than changes in the ECG pattern that indicate that a patient is in distress while he/she is being monitored might include: 1. respiratory distress 2. increased anxiety 3. complaints of chest pain

1, 2 & 3; Respiratory distress; Increased anxiety; Complaints of chest pain

Which of the following would be considered infectious waste and have specific guidelines for disposal? 1. Patient gowns and linens 2. Blood bags and tubing 3. Sharps

1, 2 and 3; Patient gowns and linens, Blood bags and tubing, Sharps

When you must touch a patient, you are less likely to unintentionally offend if you: 1. Tell the patient in advance what you are about to do. 2. Use a firm, appropriate touch. 3. Have a professional purpose that is clear to the patient.

1, 2 and 3; Tell the patient in advance what you are about to do, Use a firm, appropriate touch, Have a professional purpose that is clear to the patient

When a fire extinguisher is needed, you should: 1. pull the pin and squeeze the handle. 2. aim the nozzle at the base of the fire. 4. use a sweeping motion from side to side.

1, 2 and 4; pull, aim, sweep

All drug packages must provide certain information required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Some of the information that must be provided includes: 1. Generic name 2. Contraindications 3. Dosage

1, 2, & 3; Generic name, Contraindications, Dosage

When charting the administration of a medication, the record must include: 1. the date and time of administration. 2. the name of the medication. 3. the strength of the medication. 4. the route of administration.

1, 2, 3 & 4; Date and time; Name; Strength; Route

The toxicity of a contrast medium on body tissues and organs is related to: 1. the chemical configuration of its molecules 2. its iodine concentration and its osmolality 3. its ionization characteristics 4. the dosage administered and the rate of injection

1, 2, 3 and 4; Chemical configuration, Iodine concentration and osmolality, Ionization, Dosage and rate

What type of rotation of the lower limb is required for the AP mortise projection of the ankle?

15 to 20 medial rotation

When assisting a patient from bed to wheelchair, you should: 1. elevate the head of the bed. 2. lower the bed as far as possible. 3. use the face-to-face assist to help the patient stand. 4. assist the patient to pivot with back to wheelchair before sitting down.

1, 2, 3, & 4; Elevate head of the bed, Lower the bed, Use face-to-face assist, Assist patient

Patients with which of the following conditions are more likely to suffer bowel perforation during a barium enema? 1. Crohn's disease 2. Diverticulitis 3. Long term steroid therapy 4. Advanced age

1, 2, 3, and 4; Crohn's, Diverticulitis, Steroid therapy, Advanced aged

You are required to use two identifiers to ensure accuracy of patient identification. Which of the following methods is/are acceptable for this purpose? 1. Check the patient's arm band. 2. Ask the patient to state his/her full name. 3. Ask the patient to state his/her birthdate.

1, 2, and 3 only Check arm band, ask to state their full name, Ask to state their birthday

Before you use a sterile pack, you must check its: 1. expiration date. 2. list of contents 3. shelf life 4. method of sterilization

1, 2, and 3 only; Expiration, Contents, Shelf life

Toxic effects of medication can occur when the drug accumulates in the body due to: 1. overdose. 2. impaired elimination. 3. advanced age.

1, 2, and 3; Overdose, Impaired elimination, Advanced age

Before suctioning a patient, it is important to check the suction system for which of the following? 1. The pump is working and a clean receptacle is connected to the pump 2. There is adequate length of tubing connecting the suction catheter to the receptacle 3. There are an assortment of disposable catheters available

1, 2, and 3; Pump is working, Adequate tubing length, Disposable catheters available

On the average adult, the femoral neck is angled _____ degrees anteriorly from the body of the femur.

15-20

What is the CR angle and direction for a cervical spine RAO when viewing the intervertebral foramina?

15-20 degrees caudad

What is the CR angle and direction for a cervical spine LPO when viewing the intervertebral foramina?

15-20 degrees cephalad

What type of CR angle is required for the AP semiaxial projection for the lung apices?

15-20 degrees cephalic

How much are the hand and wrist elevated from the IR for the modified Stecher method?

15 to 20 degrees

How much rotation from an AP of the ankle will typically produce a mortise view?

15 to 20 degrees

How much CR angulation is required for the AP axial projection for the cervical spine?

15 to 20 degrees cephalad

What type of CR angle is required for posterior oblique (LPO/RPO) positions of the cervical spine?

15 degrees cephalad

Where does the CR enter on an AP projection of the great toe?

1st metatarsal phalangeal joint

Blood pressure may be expressed as 120/95. What does 95 represent? 2. The phase of relaxation of the cardiac muscle 3. A higher than normal diastolic pressure

2 & 3 only

The pelvis consists of 4 bones -Identify the correct 4 below.

2 Innominate Bones, 1 Coccyx, and 1 Sacrum

Sterile technique is necessary when:

2 only; applying a surgical dressing

At what level should the CR be placed for a left lateral decubitus projection of the abdomen?

2" above the iliac crest

Where is the CR centered for an AP axial projection of the sacrum?

2" above the pubic symphysis; Midway between the symphysis pubis and the ASIS

Which of the following are good strategies for effective communication in a stressful situation? 2. Be nonjudgmental in both verbal and nonverbal communication. 3. Do not allow an upset individual's inappropriate actions or speech to goad you into a similar response. 4. When you are uncertain whether the listener has understood you, request an answer.

2, 3 and 4 only; Be nonjudgmental, Do not allow an upset individual's actions goad you, When you are uncertain, request an answer.

Single contrast barium enema administration may differ from double contrast barium enema administration with respect to: 2. the amount of liquid used 3. the size of the tubing 4. the concentration of the barium sulfate

2, 3, and 4 only; Amount of liquid, Tubing size, Concentration of barium sulfate

What is the recommended degree of obliquity for an RAO projection of the sternum for an asthenic (thin-chested) type of patient?

20 degrees

How many bones are found in the adult human body?

206

Normal BUN (blood urea nitrogen) levels in adults should not exceed ____ mg per 100 ml.

Which position best demonstrates the right sacroiliac articulation?

25 degree LPO

How many separate bones make up the adult vertebral column?

How many articular facets make up the subtalar joint?

Where is the central ray positioned for a lateral coccyx?

3 to 4" posterior to ASIS and 2 inches inferior

Place the following in the correct order that inspired air will travel. 1. Nasopharynx. 2. Primary Bronchus. 3. Nasal Cavity. 4. Alveolus. 5. Terminal bronchiole

3, 1, 2, 5, 4; Nasal cavity, Nasopharynx, Primary bronchus, Terminal bronchiole, Alveolus

What degree of obliquity is required for IVP studies?

What is the central ray angulation for a PA axial projection of the large intestine?

30 - 40 degrees Caudad

Which one of the following positioning errors will produce foreshortening of the calcaneus as seen on an axial plantodorsal projection?

30 degree CR angle

How much rotation of the foot is required for the AP oblique medial projection of the foot?

30 degrees

What is the degree of obliquity on a medial oblique foot?

30 degrees

What is the angle between the OML and the plane of the image receptor for the parietoacanthial (Waters) projection?

37 degrees

An average of ____ segment(s) make up the adult coccyx.

How many facial bones help make up the bony orbit?

With reference to the plane of the IR, how should the humeral epicondyles be positioned for the AP projection of the shoulder with the shoulder in neutral position?

45-degree medial oblique

Which individual toes are best demonstrated using the AP oblique projection with the foot rotated laterally?

4th and 5th

What is the minimum amount of weight that should be affixed to each wrist for the weight-bearing phase of an AC joint study?

5 lbs

How much flexion of the knee is best for the lateral projection of the patella?

5 to 10 degrees

How much flexion of the knee is recommended for the lateral projection of the patella?

5 to 10 degrees

How many ribs attach directly to the sternum?

How many tarsal bones are found in the foot?

For an average size female patient, where is the CR placed for a PA projection of the chest?

7 inches (17.8 cm) below the vertebra prominens

What is the difference in degrees between the infraorbitomeatal and orbitomeatal lines?

7 to 8 degrees

What degree of obliquity is used to visualize the zygapophyseal joints for a thoracic spine?

70 degrees

What is the SID on a lateral sternum?

72"

Which one of the following ribs is classified as a false rib? (Anatomy)

8th: Ribs 8 through 12 are classified as false ribs.

For a lateral projection of the forearm, the elbow should be flexed _________ degrees.

The intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine are located at an angle of _____ in relation to the midsagittal plane.

How much knee flexion is required for the Sunrise or Settegast method to demonstrate the patella?

90 degrees

The zygapophyseal joints on a cervical spine are seen at what degree?

90 degrees lateral

What position visualizes the intervertebral foramina on a lumbar spine?

90 degrees lateral

Which position is used to visualize the intervertebral foramina on a thoracic spine?

90 degrees lateral

Principle 6 of the ARRT Code of Ethics, "The Radiologic Technologist acts as an agent through observation and communication to obtain pertinent information for the physician to aid in the diagnosis and treatment management of the patient, and recognizes that interpretation and diagnosis is outside the scope of practice for the profession." does which of the following:

A and B only; Establishes the technologist's role as a physician extender, Recognizes that the technologist will not provide interpretation and diagnosis

What is the term for the small air sacs located at the distal ends of the bronchioles in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the blood?

Alveoli

Situation: A patient enters the ED with multiple injuries including a possible fracture of the left proximal humerus. Which positioning rotation should be performed to determine the extent of the humerus injury?

AP (neutral) and horizontal beam transthoracic lateral shoulder

You have just completed the projection seen below in a non-trauma examination of the left humerus. What additional projection must be performed to complete this study?

AP Humerus

Identify the error in the following image:

AP Internal Rotation

Identify the following projection:

AP Oblique Lateral rotation

Identify the projection in the image:

AP Scapula

To most effectively demonstrate injured posterior ribs Nos. 5 and 6 on the left side, which two projections should be included as part of the series?

AP and AP oblique with the patient LPO

Which of the following positioning routines would be performed for a patient with an injury to the right, upper, posterior ribs?

AP and RPO

Situation: A patient comes to radiology for a study of the sella turcica. Which of the following routines would best demonstrate this structure?

AP axial and lateral

Which projections of the cranium demonstrates the dorsum sellae in the foramen magnum?

AP axial with a 30 degree caudal angle

Which of the following will best demonstrate acromioclavicular separation?

AP erect, both shoulder- with weights

What additional position is required for a complete study of the ribs:

AP left posterior ribs

Identify the following radiographic image:

AP oblique 15-20 degree mortise

Identify the following image:

AP oblique medial rotation

Which projection best demonstrates the right SI joint?

AP oblique projection with the patient in the LPO position

Which projection of the ankle best demonstrates the distal tibiofibular joint?

AP oblique with 45-degree rotation

Which basic projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head and tuberosity free of superimposition?

AP oblique with lateral rotation

Which position of the foot will best demonstrate the lateral (third) cuneiform?

AP oblique with medial rotation

Which one of the following projections of the foot will best demonstrate the cuboid in profile?

AP oblique-medial rotation

Situation: A non-trauma patient comes to radiology with a history of chronic pain of the right hip. The patient is ambulatory but hasn't had previous radiographs taken of that hip. Which of the following routines would be best suited for this patient?

AP pelvis and lateral frog-leg projections of the right hip

What projection of the ankle is demonstrated?

AP with 45 degree medial rotation

A patient comes to the radiology department for a knee study with special interest in the region of the proximal tibiofibular joint and the lateral condyle of the tibia. Which of the following projections should the technologist obtain?

AP, lateral, and medial oblique knee

Which of the following positioning routines evaluate the range of motion of the vertebral column following spinal fusion surgery?

AP, right, and left bending positions

The CR is centered to exit at the level of the _________________ for a well positioned Parietoacantial projection.

Acanthion

Monitoring vital signs helps evaluate which of the following? General health. Response to therapy. Life-threatening condition

All of the above; General health; Response to therapy; Life threatening condition

Which of the following conditions can make a person prone to skin breakdown? Loss of subcutaneous fat. Malnourishment. Chronic illness.

All of the above; Loss of subq fat, Malnourishment, Chronic illness

Which type of chest pathology may result from a rib fracture? Pneumothorax. Hemothorax. Pulmonary contusion

All of the above; Pneumothorax, Hemothorax, Pulmonary contusion

The legal document chosen by many patients that outlines their specific wishes about their medical care should they no longer be able to make medical decisions for themselves is known as:

An advance directive

An incident report documents:

An error in meds and a patient falling off the x-ray table

To ensure that the diaphragm is included on the erect abdomen projection, the top of the image receptor should be placed at the level of the:

Axilla

Which one of the following is the posterior view of the proximal femur?

The upper, or superior, portion of the patella is called the:

Base

Where does the CR enter on the dorsoplantar projection of the foot?

Base of the third metatarsal

An accurate temperature reading provides important information about the body's:

Basic metabolic state

If a radiographer performs a lumbar spine x-ray examination on a patient who was supposed to have a cervical spine x-ray examination, which of the following charges may be brought against the radiographer?

Battery

Patients' belongings should:

Be kept with the patient if possible or labeled and kept in a designated safety area.

When caring for a patient who has suffered a serious loss, the radiographer must:

Be supportive and allow the patient to retain hope.

A patient has the right to revoke consent in regard to a risky procedure:

Both before and during the procedure

This organization collects statistics on contagious diseases and conducts investigations when there is an outbreak of disease in the U.S.:

CDC

What CR angulation is required for the AP oblique projection of the foot?

CR is perpendicular to the IR

What is the error on this image?

CR is too posterior

Which two ligaments of the knee joint help stabilize the knee from the anterior and posterior perspective?

Cruciates

A tarsal bone found anterior to the calcaneus and lateral to the lateral cuneiform:

Cuboid

A patient comes to radiology with possible diverticulosis. Which of the following studies is most diagnostic for detecting this condition?

Double contrast BE

Controlled substances include:

Drugs with a high abuse potential

What structure is best demonstrated in the image?

Duodenal bulb

The first portion of the small intestine is called the:

Duodenum

Which two landmarks must be aligned for the AP open mouth projection?

Edge of top incisors and mastoid tip

A medication characterized by efficacy is:

Effective

The lateral malleolus is part of what?

Fibula

Reduction of the level of oxygen in the arterial blood is the definition for:

Hypoxemia

Situation: A patient enters the emergency department (ED) to be treated for severe trauma. The physician orders an AP supine chest to evaluate the lungs. What can the technologist do to reduce the magnification of the heart?

Increase SID as much as possible.

A radiograph of a submentovertex projection reveals that the mandible is superimposed over the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. Which of the following modifications will eliminate this problem?

Increase the extension of the head and neck

A radiograph of a lateral projection of the lumbar spine reveals that the mid to lower intervertebral joint spaces are not open. The patient's waist was supported. Which of the following modifications will help open these joint spaces during the repeat exposure?

Increase waist support and/or angle CR 5 to 8 degrees caudal.

What is the primary disadvantage of performing an AP supine projection of the chest rather than a PA erect projection?

Increased magnification of the heart

Which position best demonstrates the right sacroiliac articulation?

LPO

Which posterior oblique chest position would best demonstrate the left lung?

LPO

Which imaginary plane should be placed parallel to the IR for an AP projection of the knee?

Interepicondylar

What positioning line is used in positioning for the AP mortise projection of the ankle?

Intermalleolar

Which tarsal bone is considered to be the smallest?

Intermediate cuneiform

Which position in the elbow examination will demonstrate the coronoid process?

Internal (medial) oblique

What rotation of the shoulder is demonstrated in this image?

Internal rotation

Which of the following arm positions demonstrates the lesser tubercle in profile medially?

Internal rotation

Which rotation of the humerus will result in a lateral position of the proximal humerus?

Internal rotation (epicondyles perpendicular to image receptor)

What is the joint located between the proximal and distal phalanges of the first digit?

Interphalangeal joint

Which positioning line is placed perpendicular to the plane of the image receptor with a true lateral nasal bone projection?

Interpupillary

The radiographic position in which the pt is upright and facing the x-ray tube with the lt side of the body rotated toward the ir 45 degrees is referred to as a:

LAO

Which of the following positions will best demonstrate the axillary portion of the right ribs?

LAO

Which of the following positions will demonstrate the left intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine?

LAO

Which on of the following positions will best demonstrate or elongate the right axillary ribs?

LAO

Which of the following positions will demonstrate the posterior and anterior right axillary ribs?

LAO and RPO

What position is demonstrated in the below image?

LPO

What position is demonstrated in this image?

LPO

A patient is erect with the left side directly against the image receptor. The central ray (CR) enters the right side of the body. What is this radiographic position?

Left lateral

A patient is lying on her left side. The x-ray tube is horizontally directed with the CR entering the anterior surface of the body. The image receptor is adjacent to the posterior side of the body. What is the radiographic position?

Left lateral decubitus

Identify the anatomy indicated by the letter "C":

Pars interarticularis

The tech's first duty is to the?

Patient

Of the following factors, which one must be applied to demonstrate possible air and fluid levels in the chest?

Patient in erect position

It is important to remember the six rights of medication administration using the acronym PDART(D). You must give the correct _____ the correct _____ in the correct _____ by the correct _____ at the correct _____. Then you must document this immediately.

Patient; Drug; Amount; Route; Time

P-wave:

Reflects the contraction of the atria

QRS complex:

Reflects the contraction of the ventricles

The radiographic appearance on an oblique lumbar spine in which the neck of the scottie dog appears broken suggests the presence of:

Spondylolysis

When using a fire extinguisher, we use the pneumonic PASS to remind us to use the device safely. The SS's in PASS stand for:

Squeeze and Sweep

A patient who fractured his femur in a motorcycle accident five days ago, is sent to the radiography department for follow-up imaging. While in the exam room with you, he complains of chest pain and begins hyperventilating. He seems very anxious. You should:

Stop the procedure, call for emergency assistance, notify the radiologist and call for the crash cart

Which of the following structures is considered to be most distal: Radial head, Styloid process, Radial tuberosity, Capitulum

Styloid process

Which one of the following projections of the mandible results in the greatest thyroid dose?

Submentovertex

Identify the projection in the below image?

Sunrise projection

Situation: A patient comes to radiology with a history of chondromalacia of the patella. The orthopedic surgeon is concerned about possible loose bodies in the femoropatellar joint space. She wants the best projection to demonstrate this joint space. What projection should be performed? Sunrise, medial oblique, camp-coventry method, lateral?

Sunrise projection

The zygomatic process is part of the ___ bone.

Temporal

Which of the following bones is part of the floor of the cranium?

Temporal

The Zygomatic arches are a part of which bones?

Temporal and zygomatic bones

If a patient has an excessive external rotation of one foot, a fractured hip on that side may be indicated.

True

The anterior end of the ribs does not unite directly to the sternum.

True

The external oblique of the wrist demonstrates the pisiform bone.

True

The image receptor must be placed parallel to the femoral neck for the axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip.

True

True or False: The Judd method will produce a similar projection as the Fuchs method.

True

True or False: The Schuller method requires that the skull is placed in a true lateral position.

True

True or False: The recommended SID for AC joints is 72"?

True

True or False: The sphenoid bone articulates with all the other cranial bones.

True

True/False: You should only perform the Settagast method for the patella after a transverse fracture of the patella has been ruled out?

True

Generic medications are usually:

The same as, but less expensive than, proprietary medications

When a sterile solution is to be poured into a container on a sterile field, the container is placed near the edge of the sterile field by the sterile person.

True

You are responsible for the medication you administer even if you did not prepare it.

True

A radiograph of an LPO projection of the lumbar spine reveals that the downside pedicles and zygapophyseal joints are projected over the anterior portion of the vertebral bodies. Which specific positioning error is present on this radiograph?

Under rotation of the spine

Identify the repeatable error in the image below:

Under-extension

A radiograph of an RAO sternum reveals that part of the sternum is superimposed over the thoracic spine. Which specific positioning error is visible on this radiograph?

Under-rotation of the patient

Identify the following projection/position

Unilateral Frog-leg hip

False imprisonment:

Unnecessarily restraining or confining a patient

The purpose of an apical lordotic projection of the chest is to demonstrate:

apices of the lungs

Each of the following facial bones is paired except the?

vomer

Lavage means:

washing out an organ

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