Mock vtne

What size of a scalpel blade used for making an abdominal skin incision in a dog?

#10

A 30% stock solution if potassium permanganate (KMn04) was diluted 4 times as follows: 0.1ml of stock was added to 0.4ml of distilled water; 4.5ml of distilled water was added; resulting solution was diluted 1.3; the resulting solution was again diluted to 0.06L. The final concentration was:

0.05%

How many ml of a drug with a concentration of 200mg/ml should be administered to a 60lb dog at a dose of 3mg/lb?

0.9ml

When monitoring patients on fluids and/or patients that undergo diuresis, urine output is an important consideration. The normal unne production for a healthy dog or cat is approximately.

1-2 mL/kg/hr

You are preparing for an insulin drip. If you add 1 unit of insulin 100ml of IV fluid, how many units will you add to the 1L bag of fluids?

10 u

A solution of 45 gr/30 mL contains approximately:

100 mg/ml

A 500kg horse weighs approximately:

1100 lb

Six blood pressure readings are 115,120,123,121,121 and 112 mm Hg. What is the average (mean) value?

119

A 0.25gr(grain) of Phenobarbital is how many mg?

16.2mg

Four hundred pounds is how many kilograms?

182kg

You are asked to prepare a bottle of heparinized saline with a concentration of 4iu heparin/ml to flush indewlling catheters. The stock sodium heparin solution contains 1000iu/ml. How much heparin must be added to each 250ml bottle of sterile physiologic saline (0.9% nacl) to make the flushing solution?

1ml

A pet needs 50mg of a tablet and the medication is available as a 100mg tablet. How many tablets will be needed?

2 tablets

The correct dental formula for an adult dog is

2(1 3/3 C 1/1 P 4/4 M 2/3) = 42

You have an injectable calcium solution that is 50mg/ml. How much do you add to a 1 L of LRS to deliver 5mg/hr of calcium at a fluid rate of 50ml/hr?

2ml

A 9month old female Great Dane is admitted for a routine OVH. The animal weighs 65lbs, the vet wants to use the following regimen: Butorphanol (10mg/ml) IM at 0.2mg/kg; Acepromazine (10ml/ml) IM at 0.05mg/kg, and Atropine (0.02% solution) SC at 0.02mg/kg. How much atropine should be administered?

3.0ml

Your patient is a 66lb Shepard mix with a history of vomiting. The order reads: Metoclopramide HCI (5mg/ml); give 0.6mg/kg IM q8h prn. How many ml will you deliver?

3.6ml

A dose of 5ml TID equals approximately

3tsp/day

When using a dental x-ray unit, the end of the cone should be positioned at ___ inches from the patient's anatomy.

4

You need to deworm 100 head of cattle with a pour-on product that is applied at a rate of 1ml/100 lb and is sold in 250ml bottles. The cattle weigh 825 to 1050 lbs each. Approximately how many bottles of dewormer should you purchase?

4 bottles

Calculate the flow rate for an intravenous infusion of 1 L of fluid to run over 8hr with a set calibrated at 20drops/ml.

42 drops/min

How much sodium chloride is required to produce 5L of 0.85% saline solution?

42.5g

What is the minimum concentration of hemoglobin required to detect cyanosis?

5 g/dL

The veterinarian asks you to fill 250mg po bid of metronidazole for 6 days. You have 500mg tablets in stock. How many tablets will you fill?

6 tablets

MRI machines produce noise in which of the following ranges?

60-90 dB

Of cats and dogs ages 6 years and older, approximately what percentage has periodontal disease?

85%

Fasting time in the genatric patient should be limited to how many hours before anesthetic induction?

8hr

A stock solution of atropine sulfate has a concentration of 2.2mg/ml. It may also be used clinically as a 0.05% solution. The volume of the more concentrated solution required to prepare 40ml of the dilute solution is

9.1 ml

Which metric system is not correct?

950g = 9.5mg

Which of the following statements correctly describes a pheromone?

A liquid substance released in small quantities by an animal, which causes a specific response if it is detected by another animal of the same species

Prognathism is a normal condition in brachycephalic breeds but is considered a genetic defect in other breeds. It is best characterized as

A mandible that is longer than the maxilla

The best surgical monitoring device is:

A skilled vet tech

When filing a prescription or administering medication to a patient, the technician must be familiar with medical abbreviations. Which of the following abbreviations indicates a medication is to be applied to the right ear?

AD

A surgical fixation of the stomach of a ruminant to the body wall is referred to as which of the following?

Abomasopexy

Once plaque has formed on a tooth, how long does it lake to mineralize into calculus?

About 7 days

Which of the following anesthetic drugs is not reversible?

Acepromazine

Which of the following is a clinical symptom of thromboemboli in cats?

Acute onset of rear leg pain

All of the following duties assigned to the sterile surgical assistant except?

Administering drugs intraoperatively

A dog prisants to the pract after being hil by a car, and it has numerous injuries including a flail chest. How should the patent be positioned on the treatment table to minimize pain and maximize respiratory function?

Alfected side down

In which direction can a horse kick?

All of the above

Which of the following statements is true of isoflurane?

All of the above

A comprehensive nutritional history for palients presenting with acute diarrhea should include:

All of the above (indigestion of trash or any unusual foods, diet fed, household member responsible for feeding the pet)

Equine recurrent uveitis resulis from

An immune mediated condilion

A variation in erythrocyte size is known as

Anisocytosis

Many NSAIDs have been used for their role in fever reduction. If a drug is shown to be effective in reducing fever, we say it has

Antipyretic effects

It is important that the nursing care provided to a paralyzed patient focuses on patient comfort. The prevention of decubital ulcers can be accomplished by all of the following procedures except:

Appropriate analgesic therapy

Which of the following is an essential amino acid?

Arginine

Which of the following drugs is most commonly used to real bradycardia?

Atropine

Which of the following are tranquilizers that cause muscle relaxation, and in some young healthy animals, this can also cause excitation?

Benzodiazepines

Arterial blood is mostly commonly used to analyze

Blood gases

All of the following are noninvasive ways of monitoring a critically ill patient, except:

Blood pressure using an arterial catheter

The term that best describes a dog with an abnormally short mandible is:

Brachygnathism

What is the correct definition of the abbreviation B-mode in ultrasound?

Brightness

The heaviest calculus deposition in dogs and cats is typically located on the

Buccal surfaces of the upper cheek teeth

Which of the following provides a noninvasive method for assessing ventilation, cardiac outpul pulmonary perfusion: and systemic melabolism?

Capnograph

Which anesthetic monitoring toal is important for patients on a ventilator to verity the efficiency of exchange and adequate ventilation?

Capnography

Which of the following are effects of hypothermia?

Cardiac dysfunction

Under the microscope you observe a leukocyte that you identify as an esinophil. The esinophil cytoplasm contains numerous red-shaped organizes. From which species was this sample most likely collected from?

Cat

When obtaining a caudocranial view of the scapula of a small animal, where should the central ray be located?

Center of the scapula

What serum component can be used as a screening test for hypothyroidism?

Cholesterol

in the skin of chameleons, which of the following allows for reflectivity of visible light that results in a color change?

Chromatophores

To what does atelectasis refer?

Collapse of the alveoli

A surgical procedure of the vagina is referred to the following

Colpocentesis (sx puncture of the vagina)

What test is used to diagnose autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

Coombs

Chronic hepalilis may be a result of:

Copper accumulation, infectious diseases, drugs

Newer NSAIDs that are COX selective have fewer side effects because they only block whicH enzyme?

Cox-2

What suture pattern would not be used to close the skin?

Crushing

Hoover a k9 patient, was diagnosed with a uti 2wks earlier and was placed on a course of amoxicillin. The vet asked he return for a recheck to ensure the infection had resolved. The collection method of choice is:

Cystocentesis

A client wants to know what chew toy would be safest for her dog's feath. You suggest that she is best to give Fido a

Dense rubber exerciser

Which of the following is an example of an alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist?

Dexmedetomidine Medelomidine Xylazine All of the above Answer: all of the above

Which of the following melhods for controlling hemorrhage from a traumatic wound is least likely cause further damage to the animal?

Direct pressure

When treating hypotension in the anesthetized horse, what drug is commonly used?

Dobutamine

Which radiographic view of the carpal joint of a horse provides the best view to judge the width of the cartilage spaces?

Dorsopalmar

Because of the increase in cerebral oxygen demand, which of the following drugs is no longer recommended to stimulate respiration in the newborn after cesarean section?

Doxapram

An abnormally slow or difficult birth is referred to as which of the following?

Dystocia

Which of the following is not a recommended method of actively warming a patient during the recovery period?

Electric heating blankets

Liquid chemical sterilization is used primarily for:

Endoscopic equipment

In growing bone, where does lengthening take place?

Eniphysaal plate

The term for red blood cell formation is

Erythropoiesis

From the estrous cycle to parturition, in what order are the following hormones released?

Estrogen, progesterone, oxytocin

The agent used in gas sterilization is

Ethylene oxide

Feine cervical line lesions/feline neck lesions/feline resorptive lesions are of great concern to veterinarians. Which of the followning statements regarding these lesions is false?

Feline resorptive lesions are effectively managed with steroid administration.

Clipper burn can cause all of the following adverse effects except:

Follicular damage preventing hair regrowth

An immature goose of either sex is referred to as which of the following?

Gosling

Which of the following is a condition in which uric acid is deposited into the joints and visceral organs and is caused by dehydration, kidney disease, and a high-protein diet?

Gout

Before beginning other diagnostics of the urine a ______ examination of urine is recommended

Gross

The purpose of any pain scale is to:

Help guide analgesic, medical, or surgical treatment

Which of the following in not considered a potential complication of intraosseous catheterization?

Hematoma formation

Improper handling of a blood sample after it has been collected may result in:

Hemolysis

Which of the following fluids is considered a colloid?

Hetastarch

When scaling gross calculus from the teeth,

Hold the scaler using a modified pen grasp

A protective external capsule, called the a horse ____ surrounds the internal structures of the foot on a horse

Hoof

Vetennary technicians that advocate for pain management are most closely compared to what group of nurses?

Human neonatal and pediatric nurses

When preparing a direct smear from feces, all of the following liquids can be mixed with the feces except:

Hydrogen peroxide

Which of the following opioids has been shown to cause hyperthermia in felines?

Hydromorphone

Which of the following is commonly seen in cats older than 10 years but is very rare in dogs?

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperkalemia is commonly associated with which endocrine disorder?

Hypoadrenocorticism

Which of the following endocrine diseases results in weight gain, bradycardia, exercise intolerance, and lethargy in a dog?

Hypothyroidism

During maintenance of anesthesia in horses with inhalant aesthetics, what are the most common complications?

Hypoxemia, hypotension, and hypoventilation

What coagulation factors are tested with an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)?

I, II, V. VIII, IX. X. XI, XII

When performing maintenance anesthesia:

If a patient has one diseased lung, it should be positioned with the diseased side down

When is the negative pressure relief valve important?

If there is a failure of oxygen flow through the system

Total protein levels are ______ in a dehydrated animal

Increased

A dog becomes infected with dipylidium canine by ingestion of:

Infected fleas

Hedgehogs are which of the following, requiring a high-protein diet?

Insectivores

The veterinanan has directed you to give a whole blood transfusion to a 0.3-kg kitten with severe anemia from lea infestation You are unable to insert an intravenous or intraosseous catheter. Which of the following would be the most effective alternate route to administer the blood etfectively?

Intraperitoneal injection

A patient is experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest. The most desirable route of drug administration

Intravenous

What best describes endotracheal intubation in the horse?

Intubation is performed blindly with the head and neck extended

Opioid agonist-antagonist drugs such as butorphanol and nalbuphine exert mild analgesic activity by stimulating which receptor?

Kappa

Apneustic breathing patterns are frequently seen in cats when high doses of _____ are used.

Ketamine

Which of the following is an NMDA antagonist medication?

Ketamine

A grid is a series of thin, linear strips made of alternating radiodense and radiolucent material. Of what are the radiodense strips made?

Lead

Which is least likely to be clinical sign of a patient experiencing allergies?

Loss of appetite

What should you wear when working as a non sterile surgical assistant?

Mask, cap, shoe covers, and clean scrubs

Which of the following terms correctly corresponds with the phrase toward the medial plane?

Medial

Feline obstipation is also known as:

Megacolon

Which of the following opioids is an NMDA antagonist?

Methadone

Whal Iwo valves comprise the atrioventricular valves?

Mitral valve, tricuspid valve

An atypical heart sound associated with a functional or structural valve abnormality is known as:

Murmur

Which of the following drugs classes has been shown to be the most efficacious in the management of neuropathic pain?

NDA receptor antagonists

Because of the enlarged fleshy tongue and a narrowed upper airway, which of the following statements is correct when dealing with neonatal and pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia?

Neonatal and pediatric patients should be intubated for all procedures requiring general anesthesia because they are at risk for upper airway obstruction

I'm what type of blood cell can Döhle bodies be found?

Neutrophils

Feeding dog food to a cat is ____ advised

Never

A chent calls the veterinary practice indicating that her cat drank ethylene glycol 6 hours earlier. Everyone is at lunch, and you immediately page the veterinarian; however, the client wants to make her cat vomit to rid it of the toxin. What should you

Not to induce vomiting and to bring in the cat immediately

Scrubbed surgical personnel become contaminated if they touch

Objects outside the sterile zone

The parasite whose larve enter the nasal cavity of a sheep is:

Oestrus species

In a pug, the endotracheal tube should be removed:

Only after the animal is fully conscious and able to maintain a free airway

In terms of surgical contamination, endogenous organisms are those that

Originate from the patients own body

Which of the following time frames describes chronic pain?

Pain that is prolonged (days, weeks, months)

Anesthetic drugs that cause vasoconstriction often cause the mucous membranes to become.

Pale

Which of the following is the best technique to consider for an abdominal x-ray?

Peak expiration

What will pulse oximetry often allow you to estimate?

Percent saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen

All of the organs in the thoracic cavity are covered by a thin membrane known as:

Pleura

Dogs and cats with diabetes mellitus (DM) typically present to the veterinary hospital with which of the following signs?

Polydipsia and lethargy

An ovariohisterectomy might be performed for all the following reasons except:

Prevention of prostate cancer

What color do gram regative organisms appear when they are stained with Gram stain?

Purple

Flight feathers within the wings of birds are known as:

Remiges

When scaling a tooth that has a large amount of calculus, the process should occur in which order?

Remove gross dental deposits with ronguers or extraction forceps; remove residual supragingival deposits with hand instruments; use power scaler to remove remaining deposits

Glomerulonephritis and pyelonephrilia are two causes of

Renal disease

Current recommendations for feeding critically ill patients are to begin feeding equal to the patient's estimated:

Resting energy requirement (RER)

That is the directional term for toward the front of the head"?

Rostral

Gram-negative bacteria retain what component of the Gram stain?

Safranin

A client calls and says that his Rottweiler has been shot in the abdomen with a BB gun but appears perfectly fine. What should be recommended?

See the veterinarian immediately

What is the correct place of measurement for radiographs of the nasal passages of small animals?

Slightly rostral to the widest area of the cranium

A young female pig that has not yet given birth is referred to as:

Sow

Clinical symptoms of milk fever include:

Staggering gate

Which of the following is the most common medical magnet?

Superconducting magnets

Myofascial pain syndrome entails the palpation of:

Taut bands and rigger points

If a client calls to report that her dog has started vomiting while taking the NSAID carprofen, what is the best course of action?

Tell the client to stop using the carprofen and have a veterinarian see the pet.

The first dental examination should occur when

The animal is 6 to 8 weeks old

If an oxygen flowmeter uses a ball for oxygen readings, where is the reading taken from to determine flow of oxygen in the system?

The center of the ball

Why might you not get an accurate reading from a pulse oximeter in small mammals?

The heart rate of the animal may exceed the upper range of the instrument

Fats are composed of triglycerides, which include:

Three fatty acids attached to a glycerol chain

A semipermanent feeding tube may be placed in all the following ways except:

Through the mouth

All of the following are important reasons to reduce the amount of dead space with drains in a wound except:

To decrease hemostasis

Why are such elaborate measures taken to maintain aseptic technique during surgery?

To decrease the risk of contamination into the surgical site and interference within wound healing

Why is UV-B lighting so important for herbivorous, insectivorous, and omnivorous lizards?

UV-B lighting is required for absorption of calcium and Vitamin D3 synthesis

Chemistry evaluation of the kidney includes measurement of metabolic wastes in the blood in the form

Urea nitrogen and creatinine

A 12 yr old s/f golden retriever is brought into your clinic with a history of waking up in her bed in a puddle of urine. A cbc profile and UA show no signs of uti disease. The dr tells you to fill a prescription for phenylpropanolamine. The Dr is choosing this drug because it treats:

Urinary incontinence by increasing urethral sphincter tone

Which of the following best describes a passive scavenger system?

Uses positive pressure of the gas in the anesthetic machine to push gas into the scavenger

Aquired active immunity results from

Vaccination

A deformity in which the interior angle of the joint, viewed frontally, is greater than 180 degrees known as what?

Vagus deformity

A deformity, in which the interior angle of the joint, viewed frontally, is <180 degrees, is known as what?

Vargus deformity

Which of the following is a direct response of epinephrine administration?

Vasoconstriction

A patient is to be prepared for a cystotomy. What part of the body is prepped?

Ventral abdomen

How should a pack be placed in an autoclave?

Vertically

A hamster presents to the clinic with the following symptoms: diarrhea, matting around the lail, lathargy, and a hunched abdomen. Which of the following diseases is most likely the causalive agent?

Wet tail

Cyrptochidectomy is performed on male dogs:

When one or both testicles have not descended into the scrotal sac

What analgesic tool can be used to provide 72 hours of continuous analgesia for large incisions such as radical mastectomies?

Wound diffusion catheter

What color is "icteric serum" refer to?

Yellow

A pseudopocket can be defined as:

false pocket