Modern Architecture Final

Contemporary City for Three million Inhabitants

Le Corbusier, 1925. an unrealized project intended to house three million inhabitants. The centerpiece of this plan was a group of sixty-story cruciform skyscrapers built on steel frames and encased in curtain walls of glass. The skyscrapers housed both offices and the flats of the most wealthy inhabitants

Ian McHarg

"Design with Nature", 1969 a Scottish landscape architect and writer on regional planning using natural systems. He was the founder of the department of landscape architecture at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States

Rem Koolhaas

1970s, Seattle Central Library and Rotterdam Building Project a Dutch architect, architectural theorist, urbanist and Professor in Practice of Architecture and Urban Design at the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University

L'Esprit Nouveau

1920-25 a signal triumph over difficulties. No funds were available, no site was forthcoming, and the Organizing Committee of the Exhibition refused to allow the scheme I had drawn up to proceed

Ludvik Kysela

1920s, Beta Shoe Store

Vers une architecture

1923, a collection of essays written by Le Corbusier, advocating for and exploring the concept of modern architecture

Daniel Libeskind

1980s, City Edge Competition and Jewish Museum a Polish-American architect, artist, professor and set designer of Polish Jewish descent. Libeskind founded Studio Daniel Libeskind in 1989 with his wife, Nina, and is its principal design architect

Allan Greenberg

1an American architect and one of the leading classical architects of the twenty-first century, also known as New Classical Architecture 1990s, Athens Daily News

Post Modernism

A general and wide-ranging term which is applied to literature, art, philosophy, architecture, fiction, and cultural and literary criticism, among others, a reaction to the assumed certainty of scientific, or objective, efforts to explain reality

The Architecture of the City

A seminal book of urban design theory by the Italian architect Aldo Rossi published in Padova in 1966. The book marks the shift from the urban doctrines of modernism to a rediscovery of the traditional European city

Prince Charles

An advocate for green building, he was always donating money and trying to raise awareness for sustainable design

Elizabeth Diller

Blur Building, 2000s

Learning from Las Vegas

Cambridge, 1972. Robert Venturi. This second manifesto was an even more stinging rebuke to orthodox modernism and elite architectural tastes. The book coined the terms "Duck" and "Decorated Shed" — descriptions of the two predominant ways of embodying iconography in buildings.

CNU

Congress for a new urbanism, 1993, an international nonprofit organization working to build vibrant communities where people have diverse choices for how they live, work, and get around

CIAM

Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne or International Congresses of Modern Architecture, was an organization founded in 1928 and disbanded in 1959, responsible for a series of events and congresses arranged across Europe by the most prominent architects of the time, with the objective of spreading the principles of the Modern Movement focusing in all the main domains of architecture

Jacobus Johannes Pieter Oud

Dutch architect. His fame began as a follower of the De Stijl movement. Oud was born in Purmerend, the son of a tobacco and wine merchant, Late 1910s-20s Noordwijkerhout and Cafe Unie

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

He strove toward an architecture with a minimal framework of structural order balanced against the implied freedom of unobstructed free-flowing open space. He called his buildings "skin and bones" architecture. He is often associated with his quotation of the aphorisms, "less is more" and "God is in the details" 1920s, Brick House Project, Tugendhat House, Barcelona Exhibition

Wohnhausbau

Heinrich Tessenow (Munich 1927) a type of living in the city as a whole community

Complexity & Contradiction in Architecture

New York, 1966. Robert Venturi. Introduced new lessons from the buildings of architects both familiar and forgotten. He made a case for "the difficult whole" rather than the diagrammatic forms popular at the time, and included examples of his own work to demonstrate the possible application of the techniques illustrated within.

Renzo Piano & Richard Rogers

Pompidou and New York Times Building, 1970s-2000s

Neotraditionalism

also known as "new traditional" country, is a country music style that emphasizes the instrumental background and a "traditional" country vocal style

Brutalism

The term originates from the French word for "raw" in the term used by Le Corbusier to describe his choice of material béton brut (raw concrete)

Giacomo Matte-Trucco

Turin, Fiat Works, 1916-23. Studied factories in the US. He was an architect who worked in the 1910s-20s. Futurist architect.

Eric Gunnar Asplund

a Swedish architect, mostly known as a key representative of Nordic Classicism of the 1920s, and during the last decade of his life as a major proponent of the modernist style Woodland Chapel and Stockholm Public Library

Hannes Meyer

a Swiss architect and second director of the Bauhaus in Dessau from 1928 to 1930

Eero Saarinen

a 20th-century Finnish American architect and industrial designer noted for his neofuturistic style, 1960, TWA Terminal

Norman Foster

a British architect whose company, Foster + Partners, maintains an international design practice famous for high-tech architecture, 1980s-2000s Reichstag and Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank

Quinlan Terry

a British architect. He was educated at Bryanston School and the Architectural Association

Frank Ghery

a Canadian-born American architect, residing in Los Angeles. A number of his buildings, including his private residence, have become world-renowned attractions Frank Ghery House, Guggenheim Museum 1970s

Jørn Utzon

a Danish architect, most notable for designing the Sydney Opera House in Australia, 1950s

Bjarke Ingles

a Danish architect. He is the founder and creative partner of Bjarke Ingels Group since 2005 W 57th St

Johannes Duiker

a Dutch architect. Partnership with Bernard Bijvoet from 1919 until 1925. For the commission of the Zonnestraal project the architects were recommended by Hendrik Berlage, 19030s, Amsterdam Open Air School

Theo van Doesburg

a Dutch artist, who practiced painting, writing, poetry and architecture. He is best known as the founder and leader of De Stijl, 1920s Maison Particulier

Gerrit Thomas Rietveld

a Dutch furniture designer and architect. One of the principal members of the Dutch artistic movement called De Stijl, Rietveld is famous for his Red and Blue Chair, 1920s Schroder House

Alvar Aalto

a Finnish architect and designer in the 1930s-40s, as well as a sculptor and painter. His work includes architecture, furniture, textiles and glassware Viipuri Public Library and Baker House

Jean Nouveal

a French architect. Nouvel studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and was a founding member of Mars 1976 1980s, Musee de Monde Arabe

Walter Gropius

a German architect and founder of the Bauhaus School, who, along with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright, is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modernist architecture 1920s, Sommerfeld House and Bauhaus Directors office

Albert Speer

a German architect who was, for most of World War II, Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production for Nazi Germany. 1930s New Berlin Plan, Zeppelinfield

Heinrich Tessenow

a German architect, professor, and urban planner active in the Weimar era in the 1910s Festspielhaus Wohnhausbau

Bauhaus

a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicised and taught

Lyonel Feininger

a German-American painter, and a leading exponent of Expressionism. He also worked as a caricaturist and comic strip artist

Demetri Porphyrios

a Greek architect and author who practices architecture in London as principal of the firm Porphyrios Associates 2000s, Whitman College

Marcel Lajos Breuer

a Hungarian-born modernist, architect and furniture designer. One of the masters of Modernism, Breuer extended the sculptural vocabulary he had developed in the carpentry shop, 1930s-60s Breuer House and Whitney Museum of American Art

Steven Holl

a New York-based American architect and watercolorist. Among his most recognized works are designs for the 2003 Simmons Hall at MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts Vanke Center, 2000s

Konstantin Melnikov

a Russian architect and painter. His architectural work, compressed into a single decade, placed Melnikov on the front end of 1920s avant-garde architecture USSR Pavilion and Rusakov Workers Club

Ivan Leonidov

a Russian constructivist architect, urban planner, painter and teacher in the 1920s Project for Lenin Institute of Librarianship

Vladimir Tatlin

a Soviet painter and architect. With Kazimir Malevich he was one of the two most important figures in the Soviet avant-garde art movement of the 1920s Monument to the 3rd International

Santiago Calatrava

a Spanish architect, structural engineer, sculptor and painter, particularly known for his bridges supported by single leaning pylons, and his railway stations, early 2000s Milwaukee Art Museum and WTC ground transportation

Jaques Herzog

a Swiss architecture firm with its head office in Basel, Switzerland. They are perhaps best known for their conversion of the giant Bankside Power Station in London to the new home of Tate Modern Forum Barcelona

Johannes Itten

a Swiss expressionist painter, designer, teacher, writer and theorist associated with the Bauhaus school

Le Corbusier

a Swiss-French architect, designer, painter, urban planner, writer, and one of the pioneers of what is now called modern architecture, 1900s-1930s Villa Savoye, "Five Points of Architecture", and Villa Stein

Coop Himmelblau

a cooperative architectural design firm primarily located in Vienna, Austria, and which also maintains offices in Los Angeles, United States, and Guadalajara, Mexico Hamburg Skyline and Office Renovation in Vienna, 1980s

Scandinavian Modernism

a design movement characterized by simplicity, minimalism and functionality that emerged in the 1950s in the five Nordic countries of Finland, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Denmark

weissenhofsiedlung

a housing estate built for exhibition in Stuttgart in 1927. It was an international showcase of what later became known as the International style of modern architecture. Van der Rohe

James Corner

a landscape architect and theorist whose works exhibit a focus on "developing innovative approaches toward landscape architectural design and urbanism. 2000s, High Line and Fresh Kills Park

Italian Rationalism

a movement in architecture that developed in the 1920s and 1930s. Rationalist buildings were conceived and designed to perform a function and not really for aesthetic reasons. They are typified by abstract and geometrical forms in a constant alternating of solids and voids, dark and light

Neoplasticism and De Stijl

a style of abstract painting developed by Piet Mondrian, using only vertical and horizontal lines and rectangular shapes in black, white, gray, and primary colors

New Expressionism

a style of late-modernist or early-postmodern painting and sculpture that emerged in the late 1970s. a reaction against conceptual art and minimal art of the 1970s. Neo-expressionists returned to portraying recognizable objects, such as the human body

Socialist Realism

a style of realistic art that was developed in the Soviet Union and became a dominant style in that country as well as in other socialist countries

Constructivism

a style or movement in which assorted mechanical objects are combined into abstract mobile structural forms. The movement originated in Russia in the 1920s and has influenced many aspects of modern architecture and design

Object-type

a user-defined composite datatype that encapsulates a data structure along with the functions and procedures needed to manipulate the data

High Tech Modernism

also known as Late Modernism or Structural Expressionism, is an architectural style that emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements of high-tech industry and technology into building design

Richard Meier

an American abstract artist and architect, whose geometric designs make prominent use of the color white, 1970s Atlanta High Museum of Art and Douglas House

Paul Marvin Rudolph

an American architect and the Chair of Yale University's Department of Architecture for six years, known for his use of concrete and highly complex floor plans, 1960s Yale School of Architecture

Andres Duany

an American architect, an urban planner, and a founder of the Congress for the New Urbanism. Duany was born in New York City but grew up in Cuba until 1960 Seaside Florida, 1980s

Louis Isadore Kahn

an American architect, based in Philadelphia. After working in various capacities for several firms in Philadelphia, he founded his own atelier in 1935, 1950s Salk Institute

Philip Johnson

an American architect, best known for his works of Modern architecture, including the Glass House in New Canaan, Connecticut, and his works of postmodern architecture 1930s-1980s AT& T building, glass house

Charles Moore

an American architect, educator, writer, Fellow of the American Institute of Architects, and winner of the AIA Gold Medal in 1991

Robert Venturi

an American architect, founding principal of the firm Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates, and one of the major architectural figures in the twentieth century 1960s-90s Guild House, Vanna Venturi House, "Learning from Las Vegas" and "Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture"

Frank Lloyd Wright

an American architect, interior designer, writer, and educator, who designed more than 1,000 structures, 532 of which were completed 1910s-1950s, Falling Water and Guggenheim Museum

Peter Eisenman

an American architect. Considered one of the New York Five, Eisenman is known for his writing and speaking about architecture as well as his designs, which have been called high modernist or deconstructive Wexner Center and Social Housing, 1980s

Michael Graves

an American architect. Identified as one of The New York Five, as well as Memphis Group, Graves was known first for his contemporary building designs 1970s Schulman House and Hanselmann House

Henry-Russell Hitchcock

an American architectural historian. A long-time professor at Smith College and New York University, his writings helped to define modern architecture 1930s

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill

an American architectural, urban planning, and engineering firm. It was formed in Chicago in 1936 by Louis Skidmore and Nathaniel Owings; in 1939 they were joined by John O. Merrill, 1950s-70s, Lever House, Sears Tower, John Hancock Center

Jonas Edward Salk

an American medical researcher and virologist. He discovered and developed one of the first successful polio vaccines

Richard Josef Neutra

an Austrian-American architect. Living and building for the majority of his career in Southern California, he came to be considered among the most important modernist architects 1920s, Lovell Health House

Rudolf M. Schindler

an Austrian-born American architect whose most important works were built in or near Los Angeles during the early to mid-twentieth century, 1920s Lovell Beach House

Zaha Hadid

an Iraqi-born British architect. She was the first woman to receive the Pritzker Architecture Prize, in 2004. She received the UK's most prestigious architectural award 1980s, Peak Club, Guangzhou Opera House

Eileen Gray

an Irish architect and furniture designer and a pioneer of the Modern Movement in architecture 1920s, "E-1027"

Antoino Sant' Elia

an Italian architect and a key member of the Futurist movement in architecture. He left behind almost no completed works of architecture, 1910s Drawings of a "Città Nuova" 1914 Created mostly pseudo architecture which has classical and pleasing.

Aldo Rossi

an Italian architect and designer who accomplished the unusual feat of achieving international recognition in four distinct areas: theory, drawing, architecture and product design "The architecture of the city"

Guiseppe Terragni

an Italian architect who worked primarily under the fascist regime of Benito Mussolini and pioneered the Italian modern movement under the rubric of Rationalism 1930s casa del fascio and Danteum

Filippo Marinetti

an Italian poet, editor, art theorist, and founder of the Futurist movement. He was associated with the utopian and Symbolists artistic and literary community Abbaye de Créteil between 1907 and 1908 "Futurist Manifesto" - wants change and respect for artists.

Marcello Piacentini

an Italian urban theorist and one of the main proponents of Italian Fascist architecture in 1930s university of Rome senate building

Green architecture

an approach to building that minimizes harmful effects on human health and the environment

Leon Krier

an architect, architectural theorist and urban planner. He is a representative of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture. Krier was the first laureate of the Driehaus Architecture Prize in 2003 Poundbury and University of Miami School of Architecture, 1980s

Bernard Tschumi

an architect, writer, and educator, commonly associated with deconstructivism. Son of the well-known architect Jean Tschumi, born of French and Swiss parentage, he works and lives in New York City and Paris 1980s, Park de la Vilette

Deconstructivism

an architectural movement or style influenced by deconstruction that encourages radical freedom of form and the open manifestation of complexity in a building rather than strict attention to functional concerns and conventional design elements

Futurism

an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It emphasized speed, technology, youth, and violence, and objects such as the car, the aeroplane, and the industrial city

Fascism

an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization

Umberto Bocchioni

an influential Italian painter and sculptor. He helped shape the revolutionary aesthetic of the Futurism movement as one of its principal figures in 1910s "The City Rises" and "Unique Forms of Continuity in Space" part of the post-modernist movements

New Urbanism

an urban design movement which promotes environmentally friendly habits by creating walkable neighborhoods containing a wide range of housing and job types

Neo-Expressionism

as a reaction against conceptual art and minimal art of the 1970s. Neo-expressionists returned to portraying recognizable objects, such as the human body in a rough and violently emotional way, often using vivid colors

El (Lazarr) Lissitzky

known as El Lissitzky, was a Russian artist, designer, photographer, typographer, polemicist and architect in the 1920s Proud Room, Wolkenbugel

Avant Garde

new and unusual or experimental ideas, especially in the arts, or the people introducing them, late 1800s-early 1900s - considered modern since it was new and unusual

The New York Five

refers to a group of five New York City architects (Peter Eisenman, Michael Graves, Charles Gwathmey, John Hejduk and Richard Meier) whose photographed work was the subject of a CASE (Committee of Architects for the Study of the Environment) meeting at the Museum of Modern Art

Joseph Stalin

the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953

The International Style

the name of a major architectural style that is said to have emerged in the 1920s and 1930s, the formative decades of modern architecture, as first defined by Americans

M.H.J. Schoenmaekers

was a mathematician and theosophist who formulated the plastic and philosophical principles of the De Stijl movement, 1910s The New Image of the World and The Principles of Plastic Mathematics

Alexander & Victor Vesnin

were the leaders of Constructivist architecture, the dominant architectural school of the Soviet Union in the 1920s and early 1930s. Exact estimation of each brother's individual input to their collaborative works remains a matter of dispute and conjecture Project for Pravda Building