Module 1: Key Actors and Ideas on the World Stage

Match the far-right, nationalist leader to his country:

Recep Tayyip Erdogan: Hungary Rodrigo Duterte: Philippines Narendra Modi: India Jair Bolsonaro: Brazil Victor Orban: Turkey

Secretariat

Administers the programs Has an International staff that takes orders from the Secretary General

Economic and Social Council

-coordinates the FAO, WHO, UNDP and other specialized agencies -is the central body for coordinating UN economic and social work

Trustee Council

-has suspended its operations -was set up after WWII to promote self-governance in colonies

The French Revolution (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): a) Was an example of how ultra-nationalistic governments are always illegitimate in the eyes of the people b) Strengthened the notion of the divine right of kings c) Reinforced French citizens' identities more within religions, guilds, and villages, as opposed to a broader French identity d) Was a catalyst for the spread of nationalism throughout Europe and, gradually, the rest of the world

Answer d) Was a catalyst for the spread of nationalism throughout Europe and, gradually, the rest of the world

Rifkin argues families, schools, governments, and businesses: a) Can both repress and foster the core empathic nature in humans b) Are the embodiment of blood ties, undermining world government Do not impact the empathic drive, which is driven by ego and self interest Are always at odds with each other when it to comes to saving the planet

Answer a) Can both repress and foster the core empathic nature in humans

The text identifies which type of actors as the most salient (or prominent) global players that we "continually" read about as they try to solve global issues? a) Countries (states) b) MNCs c) Individuals d) IGOs

Answer a) Countries (states)

According to Jeremy Rifkin's video, humans are driven by many motivations, but the "first drive" is: a) Empathy b) Materialism c) Utilitarianism d) Self-Interest

Answer a) Empathy

Which agencies does the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) coordinate (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): a) FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization) b) UNDP (United Nations Development Program) c) WHO (World Health Organization) d) UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization)

Answer a) FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization) b) UNDP (United Nations Development Program) c) WHO (World Health Organization) d) UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization)

Three essential components (types) of power identified by Nye include: a) Military Power, Economic Power, Attraction (Soft) Power b) Leadership Power, Geographic Power, Conventional Power c) Military Power, Nuclear Power, Geographic Power d) Leadership Power, Hard Power, Conventional Power

Answer a) Military Power, Economic Power, Attraction (Soft) Power

Soft Power: a) Often comes from civil society (such as NGOs, universities, cultural institutions) b) Is the only type of power used during the Obama administration c) Is almost always created by governments d) Always comes from effective use of hard power

Answer a) Often comes from civil society (such as NGOs, universities, cultural institutions)

Rifkin argues that (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): a) Our social consciousness evolves and we can extend it to the entire biosphere, allowing us to survive as a species b) Technology helps us "eliminate time and space" and build empathy beyond religious and national ties c) We may survive as a species because we evolved to nation-states, the highest form of human social organization d) Social consciousness is that same today as it was in hunter-forager societies, we just need to harness it

Answer a) Our social consciousness evolves and we can extend it to the entire biosphere, allowing us to survive as a species b) Technology helps us "eliminate time and space" and build empathy beyond religious and national ties

Nation-states (one nation within one state): a) Rarely exist in the strictest sense of the term, if national identity is based on ethnicity b) Are undesirable, because they almost always lead to extremism and war c) Have a clear example in the Kurds spread across Turkey, Syria, Iran, and Iraq d) Are best exemplified by Canada, which is ethnically homogenous

Answer a) Rarely exist in the strictest sense of the term, if national identity is based on ethnicity

Using the attractiveness of a state's reputation to encourage international cooperation is an example of: a) Soft power b) Positive-sum power c) Hard power d) Zero-sum power

Answer a) Soft power

The video speaks to building an empathic civilization based on: a) The recognition that life is fragile and the human inclination to show solidarity b) Ego and asserting one's self-interest into the public sphere c) New human abilities to build a utopia if they can focus more on soft power d) Allowing market processes and self-interest to operate unencumbered by burdensome regulation

Answer a) The recognition that life is fragile and the human inclination to show solidarity

According to Rifkin, people are "soft-wired" for: a) Nationalism and religion b) Sociability, Attachment, Affection, Companionship c) Idealistic notions d) Aggression, Violence, Self-Interest

Answer b) Sociability, Attachment, Affection, Companionship

Which of the following is NOT an example of "hard" power? a) Economic power, such as with the use of economic sanctions by a particular state b) The capacity to work within multilateral coalitions and inspire other countries to find avenues for cooperation c) Placing hostile troops in another country d) A cyberattack on a country's political parties during an election campaign to shape the election

Answer b) The capacity to work within multilateral coalitions and inspire other countries to find avenues for cooperation

Which statement is true? a)Younger people in Europe have strongly negative views of the UN because of their experience with the EU b) Younger people across the globe are more likely to have a favorable view of the UN c) Most people globally have no opinion of the UN d) Older people across the globe are more likely to have a favorable view of the UN

Answer b) Younger people across the globe are more likely to have a favorable view of the UN

While each of the leaders mentioned in the article has taken steps that concern proponents of democracy, they also generally claim to have: a) No interest whatsoever in authoritarian tactics b) Significant dislike of Donald Trump c) A pro-business agenda d) The best minds in their country

Answer c) A pro-business agenda

Nationalism and Religion (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): a) Always lead to the peaceful resolution of conflicts b) Almost never overlap, with very few exceptions c) Are generally considered the only two forces that can legitimate social violence (as opposed to personal violence) d) Can be considered the two most powerful forms of identification in the world today

Answer c) Are generally considered the only two forces that can legitimate social violence (as opposed to personal violence) d) Can be considered the two most powerful forms of identification in the world today

Researchers across different fields have found that: a) Previous civilizations have been empathic, but current political realities show a lack of a solidarity drive b) Nationalism and religion are essential to the empathic drive c) Humans are "soft wired" to show empathy d) Europeans show more empathy than Americans

Answer c) Humans are "soft wired" to show empathy

Nationalism: a) Is always pro-state b) Is unaffected by television c) Is a powerful tool which can liberate, oppress, or empower a people d) Is always both pro-state and anti-state

Answer c) Is a powerful tool which can liberate, oppress, or empower a people

Which leader has used an executive order to give his government far-reaching and restrictive powers over non-governmental organizations, pulled his country out of a U.N. migration pact, made disparaging comments about women, and placed a significant number of military leaders in key government positions? a) Rodrigo Duterte b) Viktor Orban c) Jair Bolsonaro d) Recep Tayyip Erdogan

Answer c) Jair Bolsonaro

Which individual actor was shot in the face because of her work promoting the rights of women and girls in Pakistan, winning the Nobel Peace Prize? a) Michelle Bachelet b) Melania Bush c) Malala Yousafzai d) Benazir Bhutto

Answer c) Malala Yousafzai

According to the video, what are the essentials in the toolbox of diplomacy? (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers) a) Inconsistency b) Superior Intelligence c) Payment d) Attraction

Answer c) Payment d) Attraction

According to the Pew survey, people in _____________ had the highest (most percentage positive) opinion of the UN. a) Canada, Greece, Germany b) The Philippines, South Korea, Sweden c) Spain, Nigeria, South Africa d) United States, Canada, United Kingdom

Answer c) Spain, Nigeria, South Africa

Which leader has pursued laws that hurt his country's minority Muslim population and curbed the operations of NGOs, such as the Ford Foundation, Amnesty International, and Greenpeace? a) Viktor Orban b) Recep Tayyip Erdogan c)Narendra Modi d) Rodrigo Duterte

Answer c)Narendra Modi

Rifkin concludes that: a) Religious ties move us past nationalism to deeper identity b) Markets should be governed by NGOs, which draw on our empathic drives c) MNCs that do not adopt social responsibility initiatives should be shamed for their lack of empathy d) If we can't imagine our empathy extending to a planetary scale, we won't be able to save ourselves or possibly the planet

Answer d) If we can't imagine our empathy extending to a planetary scale, we won't be able to save ourselves or possibly the planet

Which country has the most negative rating of the UN (65% negative)? a) Nigeria b) India c) Russia d) Israel

Answer d) Israel

A founding objective of the United Nations is to (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): a) Solve the ongoing crisis in Israel b) Usurp sovereignty, such as with the Paris Accords c) Create new states d) Maintain peace and security

Answer d) Maintain peace and security

Pro-state nationalism can also be considered: a) The type of nationalism that sparked uprisings against governments in the Middle East starting in 2010 (the "Arab Spring") b) A driving force of anti-colonialism c) The ideology of people who want to overthrow what they see as an illegitimate government d) Official nationalism, linking the people with their legitimate government

Answer d) Official nationalism, linking the people with their legitimate government

Which leader has crushed dissent, jailed journalists, and sparked concern he is taking his country toward Sharia law? a) Rodrigo Duterte b) Viktor Orban c) Narendra Modi d) Recep Tayyip Erdogan

Answer d) Recep Tayyip Erdogan

Which leader has pushed anti-drug policies that have led to thousands of deaths (mostly of the innocent poor, according to human rights groups), uses profanities with abandon, and has compared himself to Hitler? a)Narendra Modi b) Recep Tayyip Erdogan c) Viktor Orban d) Rodrigo Duterte

Answer d) Rodrigo Duterte

Nye points to the 2003 invasion of Iraq as possibly undermining the United States': a) Zero-sum Power b) Nuclear Power c) Hard Power d) Soft Power

Answer d) Soft Power

What is "Smart Power"? a) Using computer algorithms to arrive at foreign policy decisions b) Conflict resolution through war and economic sanctions c) Relying on the analysis of academics as well as cultural attractiveness d) The hard power of coercion and payment, combined with the soft power of persuasion and attraction

Answer d) The hard power of coercion and payment, combined with the soft power of persuasion and attraction

The five permanent members of the UN Security Council are: a) United Kingdom, United States, Germany, China, Japan b) United States, India, China, Russia, Japan c) United States, India, China, Russia, France d) United Kingdom, United States, China, Russia, France

Answer d) United Kingdom, United States, China, Russia, France

Which leader has weakened the power of the courts, curbed the media, and pledged to make his country a Christian homeland? a) Narendra Modi b) Rodrigo Duterte c) Recep Tayyip Erdogan d) Viktor Orban

Answer d) Viktor Orban

According to the video: a) Blood ties no longer exist because of the intermingling of peoples and globalization b) Ego and self-interest should be a person's first drive c) We will lose the part of our identities tied to nation-states d) We all descended from the same ancestors in Africa and we must broaden our identity to one human family

Answer d) We all descended from the same ancestors in Africa and we must broaden our identity to one human family

The Secretary General of the UN is: a) Generally from Africa because the continent has 54 countries b) The UN's chief bureaucrat, with some standing and diplomatic soft power c) American or European, as set out in the UN Charter d) Always from one of the Permanent 5 members of the Security Council

Answer b) The UN's chief bureaucrat, with some standing and diplomatic soft power

What are sources of identity that can contribute to a sense of nationalism (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? a) Ethnicity b) Language c) Religion d) Feelings of civic community

Answer: a) Ethnicity b) Language c) Religion d) Feelings of civic community

The drawing of state borders on maps during the age of exploration and colonialism (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): a) Led to the enhancement of sovereignty and national identity in world affairs b) Paved the way for rulers to exert sovereignty over specific areas, as opposed to the fuzzy boundaries found under feudalism c) Led to permanent international borders, none of which have been changed d) Strengthened local identities and ties to local nobles during medieval feudalism

Answer: a) Led to the enhancement of sovereignty and national identity in world affairs b) Paved the way for rulers to exert sovereignty over specific areas, as opposed to the fuzzy boundaries found under feudalism

Which of the following are examples of nationalism as a powerful force (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): a) The creation of the United Nations, in as much as it was meant to restrain the destructive tendencies of nationalism b) The ongoing struggle of the Kurds for autonomy or even their own state c) The feelings of national pride and preeminence that spurred European colonization throughout the developing world d) The sense of shared identity that sparked oppressed peoples to overthrow their colonizers from India to Africa

Answer: a) The creation of the United Nations, in as much as it was meant to restrain the destructive tendencies of nationalism b) The ongoing struggle of the Kurds for autonomy or even their own state c) The feelings of national pride and preeminence that spurred European colonization throughout the developing world d) The sense of shared identity that sparked oppressed peoples to overthrow their colonizers from India to Africa

Which of the following organizations is NOT an International Governmental Organization (IGO)? a) United Nations b) Doctors Without Borders c) European Union (EU) d) World Bank

Answer: b) Doctors Without Borders

Civic Nationalism (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): a) Has examples such as the Kurds, Pashtuns, and Ibo b) Is a more inclusive nationalism than ethnic nationalism c) Unites society through such factors as territory, citizenship, and legal rights d) Has examples such as the United States and Canada

Answer: b) Is a more inclusive nationalism than ethnic nationalism c) Unites society through such factors as territory, citizenship, and legal rights d) Has examples such as the United States and Canada

Anti-State nationalism can be considered: (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers) a) Official nationalism, linking the people with their legitimate government b) The type of nationalism that sparked uprisings against governments in the Middle East starting in 2010 (the "Arab Spring") c) A driving force of anti-colonialism d) Obsolete since the anti-colonial movements since the 1960s

Answer: b) The type of nationalism that sparked uprisings against governments in the Middle East starting in 2010 (the "Arab Spring") c) A driving force of anti-colonialism

Nations are best defined as: a) Political units that always have sovereignty over a geographic area b) Synonymous with states c) Groups connected by a unique mix of shared ethnicity, language, religion, culture, history, and/or sense of civic community d) Products of the Treaty of Versailles in 1648

Answer: c) Groups connected by a unique mix of shared ethnicity, language, religion, culture, history, and/or sense of civic community

Which of the following is NOT true about Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and their impact on international affairs? a) NGOs help shape international public opinion b) NGOs can facilitate communications across state borders c) NGOs are solely responsible for inter-state cooperation d) NGOs allow individuals to come together to deal with common concerns

Answer: c) NGOs are solely responsible for inter-state cooperation

Multinational Corporations (MNCs, sometimes called TNCs) are: a) Illegitimate actors on the world stage b) Non-profit organizations c) Non-state (non-governmental) actors, focused on profit d) Divisions of the United Nations

Answer: c) Non-state (non-governmental) actors, focused on profit

The benefits that all International Governmental Organizations (IGOs) offer their members include: a) The establishment of regulations which limit sovereignty b) Guidance from the United States with its democratic foundations c) The creation of habits of cooperation between states d) The elimination of all disagreements between member states

Answer: c) The creation of habits of cooperation between states

State sovereignty is: a) Only established by a vote of the United Nations General Assembly b) The right of all nations to self-government c) The right of states to self-government, with political leaders determining the rules, laws, and processes within their territories d) Seen primarily in Europe, the United States, and Japan, with former colonies now just recognizing that they have sovereign rights

Answer: c) The right of states to self-government, with political leaders determining the rules, laws, and processes within their territories

International Governmental Organizations (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): a) Include celebrities as founding members, so they can raise money and build awareness surrounding global issues b) Have largely disappeared in recent years in favor of American exceptionalism c) Are not made up of countries, but are rather best understood as civil society organizations d) Are formed by countries to achieve common goals that they cannot solve on their own

Answer: d) Are formed by countries to achieve common goals that they cannot solve on their own

In the interview with Secretary General Guterres, he argues that (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): a) Gridlock in the U.N. Security Council, which can pass enforceable resolutions, has stalled any real action on COVID-19 b) The UN has limited tools to force a country to follow guidelines from UN agencies, such as the World Health Organization c)There has been no unity in the strategy to fight the pandemic, and each country has gone its own way d) The world needs an engaged United States, and that United States leadership is absolutely fundamental

Answers a) Gridlock in the U.N. Security Council, which can pass enforceable resolutions, has stalled any real action on COVID-19 b) The UN has limited tools to force a country to follow guidelines from UN agencies, such as the World Health Organization c)There has been no unity in the strategy to fight the pandemic, and each country has gone its own way d) The world needs an engaged United States, and that United States leadership is absolutely fundamental

Hard Power

Economic sanction Military operations

Security Council

Includes the ability to veto resolutions Has five permanent members and ten nonpermanent members May impose economic sanctions or embargoes Has the main responsibility to keep peace and security in the world

Civic Nationalism

a) a more inclusive idea of identity that defines the nation on the basis of common citizenship and/or acquired characteristics such as acceptance of certain political values. b) Has the U.S. as an example, as witness by the country's diversity and founding ideals c) Society is united by territory, citizenship and legal rights and codes transmitted to all members of society

Ethnic Nationalism

a) is more exclusive form of nationalism with membership limited by unique elements of the group b) society is united by a common language, religion, culture and historical memory c)Has the kurds, Pashtuns and Ibo as examples

State sovereignty started to become a cornerstone of international affairs after the signing of which treaty: a) The Napoleonic Treaty b) The Magna Carta c) The Treaty of Westphalia d) The Paris Accords

c) The Treaty of Westphalia

What is a common critique of Multinational Corporations (MNCs, sometimes called TNCs) as global actors? a) They often place too much attention on the rights of girls to education and employment b) They generally promote human rights too strongly c) They rely too much on slave labor in developing countries d) Due to their economic strength and global networks, they exercise too much power

d) Due to their economic strength and global networks, they exercise too much power

International Court of Justice

is the united nations main judicial organ settles legal disputes only between states

General Assembly

it is a main deliberative organ; all member states are represented Can discuss any matter, except disputes being considered by the Sec. Council

soft power

peace negotiations promoting international law through diplomacy