Module 12 -Ch.12 - SB

What are characteristics of motivating goals according to goal-setting theory? (Choose every correct answer.)

Achievable Challenging Specific

Which of the following are core job characteristics in the Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model? (Choose every correct answer.)

Autonomy Skill variety Task significance Feedback

According to self-determination theory, people's behavior and well-being are influenced by what three innate needs?

Competence, autonomy and relatedness

Which are principal perspectives on motivation? (Choose every correct answer.)

Content Process Reinforcement Job design

How does goal setting motivate employees? (Choose every correct answer.)

Directing employee attention Fostering employee use of action plans Increasing employee persistence Regulating employee efforts

According to equity theory, which of the following would be characterized as inputs? (Choose every correct answer.)

Effort Experience Training

The concept of fitting jobs to people is based on what ideas? (Choose every correct answer.)

Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety. Employees are underutilized.

The model of motivation called equity theory is based on which of the following ideas?

Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance.

What theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort to exert to get what you want in a particular situation?

Expectancy

Which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives? (Choose every correct answer.)

Expectancy theory Equity theory Goal-setting theory

Equity theory is focused on explaining how people work to achieve which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)

Fairness Justice

What is the modern way of designing jobs?

Fitting jobs to people

Which guidelines should be followed when giving positive reinforcement? (Choose every correct answer.)

Give rewards as soon as possible. Be clear about what behavior is desired.

Which theory suggests that employees can be motivated by objectives that are specific and challenging but achievable and that have rewards tailored to individual needs?

Goal-setting theory

Marie has been given a goal to sell five cars by the end of the weekend. During the workday, she approaches every potential customer and makes an effort to engage with them and make a sale. When customers seem unsure about buying a car, she points out the car's best features and talks about the great deal she can give the customers if they buy. Marie is demonstrating what motivational mechanism of goal setting?

Goals increase your persistence.

Which theory proposes that work satisfaction originates from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction originates from hygiene factors?

Herzberg's two-factor theory

What types of justice are the components of organizational justice? (Choose every correct answer.)

Interactional Distributive Procedural

Which of the following focuses on five core job characteristics that affect the psychological states of an employee, which in turn affect work outcomes?

Job characteristics model

What are the two means by which jobs are fitted to people? (Choose every correct answer.)

Job enrichment Job enlargement

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are motivated by physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs is ______ theory.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

What theories of motivation would be characterized as content perspectives? (Choose every correct answer.)

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory Herzberg's two-factor theory McClelland's acquired needs theory

The theory of motivation that asserts that achievement, affiliation, and power are the major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace is called ______.

McClelland's acquired needs theory

Which statements about motivation are true? (Choose every correct answer.)

Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior. Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation.

What are the needs identified by McClelland as the basis for motivation? (Choose every correct answer.)

Need for power Need for affiliation Need for achievement

How does McClelland view needs?

Needs are something we learn from our culture.

What area of equity theory is concerned with the extent to which people believe they are being treated fairly at work?

Organizational justice

When analyzing the pay scale of her staff, Nanci saw that several equivalent positions in the department were paid at various rates. She felt that they needed to be balanced. Which aspect of equity theory is Nanci taking into consideration?

Outputs

In equity theory, the outputs received from an organization include which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)

Pay Rewards Praise

What are the stages of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? (Choose every correct answer.)

Performance to outcomes Effort to performance

Hillary knows she needs a full-time job so she can buy groceries and clothing for her three children. Which level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs does this describe?

Physiological

Which of the following are levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? (Choose every correct answer.)

Physiological Esteem Love Safety

Match the type of reinforcement with its description. Instructions

Positive reinforcement - Using rewards or positive consequences to strengthen a particular behavior Negative reinforcement - Strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative Extinction - Weakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced Punishment - Weakening a behavior by presenting something negative or withholding something positive

Which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act?

Process perspectives

What are the three major elements of Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model? (Choose every correct answer.)

Psychological states Core job characteristics Work outcomes

What does the technique called scientific management seek to do? (Choose every correct answer.)

Raise employee productivity Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs Increase employee efficiency

"Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation?

Reinforcement theory

What are the three critical psychological states identified by the job characteristics model? (Choose every correct answer.)

Responsibility for work outcomes Meaningfulness of work Knowledge of actual results of the work

What Tamika loves about her job is that every day brings new challenges, and she can use different talents and abilities to complete her job tasks. This is an example of which core job characteristic?

Skill variety

Using the job characteristics model, drag and drop the descriptions against the corresponding job characteristics.

Skill variety - The extent to which a job requires a worker to use a wide range of different abilities Task identity - The extent to which a job requires the worker to perform everything needed to complete the job from beginning to end Task significance - The extent to which a job affects the lives of others, whether inside or outside the organization Autonomy - The extent to which a job allows the worker to make choices about scheduling different tasks and/or deciding how to perform them Feedback - The extent to which workers receive clear, direct information about how well they are performing the job

Which core job characteristic describes the extent to which a job requires the worker to perform all of the tasks needed to complete the job from beginning to end?

Task identity

Asked to describe what was most meaningful about his job at the senior citizen center, Marc answered, "I make a difference every day to the lives of elderly people in our community." This is an example of which element of the job characteristics model?

Task significance

Which core job characteristic refers to the degree to which the individual perceives that the job affects the lives of others, whether inside or outside of the organization?

Task significance

A survey showed that while most employees were pleased with the company's advancement opportunities and merit system, they were dissatisfied with factors such as pay scale and sharing an office with someone they disliked. These results exemplify which theory of motivation?

Two-factor theory

Dividing work among employees and applying motivational theories to increase employee satisfaction are the two components of job:

design.

Raises and other monetary incentives are examples of ______ rewards.

extrinsic

Janeen's boss is so pleased with her sales performance during the past quarter that he gives her a bonus. In terms of the model of motivation, the bonus represents a(n) ______.

extrinsic reward

When rewarding an employee for a behavior, you should ______.

give rewards as soon as possible

In equity theory, the education, experience, and skills that individuals contribute to their organizations are examples of ______.

inputs

Liu wants to better understand how to motivate employees at her company. Because she knows there is no single leading theory accepted by everyone on what motivates people, she looks into the top four perspectives: content, process, reinforcement, and ______.

job design

Scientific ______ is the process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs.

management

The use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior is called behavior ______.

modification

The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior are collectively called ______.

motivation

Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called ______.

needs

Contingency factors refer to the degree to which individuals want ______.

personal and psychological development

To encourage Mikayla to help around the house, her mother offers to pay her $1 each time she makes her bed in the morning and puts her laundry in the hamper. This is an example of ______.

positive reinforcement

Your professor awards five bonus points for coming to class on time. This is an example of ______.

positive reinforcement

According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, a "control freak" might be described as an individual with normal achievement needs, a low level of affiliation needs, and a very high level of ______ needs.

power

Anything that causes a given behavior to be repeated or inhibited is known as ______.

reinforcement

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influenced by the three innate needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, is known as the ______ theory.

self-determination

According to the job characteristics model, the extent to which a job requires the job holder to use a wide range of different talents and abilities is known as ______.

skill variety

Jakob thought he would enjoy his job as a web designer, but it turns out that he is responsible only for updating web pages and not for creating them, too. According to the jobs characteristics model, Jakob has low ______.

task identity