module 17,18,19

Snakes can detect infrared waves radiated by the bodies of their prey. As compared with humans, snakes can see ___ waves.

Higher-wavelength

Barbara stubbed her toe last night. It hurts and all day today she has been aware of her toe. She says, "This is so weird. I usually don't think about my toe." Barbara is describing.

Sensory adaptation

The human sensory systems are designed to detect changes in stimulation rather than to detect constancies. This is easily demonstrated by the process of:

Sensory adaptation

Using sound as your example, explain how these concepts differ: Absolute threshold, Subliminal stimulation, and difference threshold.

ABSOLUTE THRESHOLD is the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular sound. SUBLIMINAL STIMULATION happens when, without your awareness, your sensory system processes a sound that is below your absolute threshold.

The flavor of a food is due to the:

Combination of aroma, taste, and texture.

___ hearing loss is caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea

Conduction

As you watch a dog play in the park, light reflected from the dog's fur first passes through three structures of your eye. In what order does the light pass through these structures?

Cornea, pupils, lens

When we see the mouth movements for GA while hearing BA we may perceive DA. This BEST illustrates the __ effect.

McGurk

In the experiment described in the textbook, bar patrons preferred the taste of vinegar-laced beer in a glass labeled "MIT brew" to the taste of identical beer serves in an unlabeled glass. Taste preference is a ___ variable in this study.

Dependent

Rules for organizing stimuli into coherent groups were first identified by ___ psychologists.

Gestalt

The function of the basilar membrane is most similar to that of the __ in vision

Retina

Astra is house-sitting. On the first night, a thunderstorm causes the electricity to go out. She remembers seeing some candles and matches next to the grandfather clock. Why does she automatically cock she head when trying pinpoint the sound of the clock.

So that her two ears will receive slightly different messages.

When people are told that a bottle of wine is much more expensive that is really is, they are likely to:

believe it tastes better that it would otherwise

Sandra is at a social gathering with a lot of good friends. She will likely feel that the temperature in the room is warmer than her friend who is feeling excluded. This phenomenon is called

embodied cognition

you look for your new roommate. You invite a person you hope you will be your roommate. Your mother tells your to bake cookies and provide hot teas. She explains that the hot drinks and smell of cookies will affect this person's judgement of you. This is an example of:

embodied cognition

What is the opponent process theory?

the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision

Which set contains a discrepant element?

{organization; sensation; identification}

Signal detection theory predicts that a person's ability to detect weak signals is partly dependent on the persons:

Experience, Expectations, Motivation, and alertness.

Marissa's preterm baby is stimulated with hands several times a day. Which of these can she expect to happen to her baby.

Her baby will gain weight faster and be able to go home sooner than preterm babies who are not stimulated with hand massage.

Denise wears extremely bright safety yellow sweatshirt when she cycles to the gym after dark. The sweatshirt's brightness reflects the __ of the light it reflects.

High amplitude

Malik knows that a passing bus is nearer than a parked car because the bus momentarily blocks his view of the car. This examples illustrates the depth cue of:

Interposition

Railroad tracks appear to converge in the distance. This provides a cue for depth perception known as:

Linear perspective

Marc id driving his 12-year-old car. He notices a sound coming from the engine, which involves ___ processing. He immediately starts thinking that the sound is similar to the sound his car made the last time he had it repaired, which involves___ processing.

Perception, sensation

Lucy is convinced she senses the odor of rotten eggs, but no one in the house can detect the odor. Lucy's sensation is known as:

Phantom smells

What is the rough distinction between sensation and perception?

SENSATION is the bottom-up process by which your sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimuli. PERCEPTION is the top-down process by which your brain creates meaning by organizing and interpreting what your senses detect.

Anna is reading her psychology textbook. The activation of receptors in her retina is called ___. Her interpretation of stimuli as particular words is called___.

Sensation, Perception

Judith suffers from painful arthritis. Judith's physician gave her medication to help ease her pain. The medication Judith was given contained water, rather than actual medicine. However, Judith reported that her pain reduced. The BEST explanation for this is that:

The medication dampened the central nervous system's attention and response to her back pain.

Dennis, a nurse, notes that some parents of asthmatic children respond to very small changes in their children breathing and seek care accordingly. However, other parents do not notice the same small changes. This type of difference in reaction to stimuli is BEST explained By.

The signal detection theory

True or false

There is no clear boundary between the processes of sensation and perception as we experience them.

What is the Young-Helmhotlz trichromatic theory

This theory shows that the retina contains color receptors for red, green, and blue.

The fact that perception involves more than the sum of the sensations BEST illustrates the importance of___ processing

Top-down

Samantha opens her eyes in the morning to see flowers be her bedside. At the point, her eyes are receiving light energy, which they change into neural messages for the brain to process. This conversation of one form of energy into another is called.

Transduction

Which statement BEST expresses the essence of bottom-up processing.

We see what is there

A hypnotist instructed Juanita that when she came out of hypnosis she would be unable to spell her own name. That is an example of:

a posthypnotic suggestion