Module 2

The software that helps a peripheral device establish communication with its host device is called a device _________.

driver

The ________ bus carries data from an external device to RAM.

expansion

______________ computers are large, expensive devices capable of simultaneously processing data for thousands of users.

mainframe

the stored program concept turns computers into ______.

multipurpose devices

A(n) ___________ is the category for the world's fastest computers.

supercomputer

The ability to _______ makes computers multipurpose devices.

switch programs

Backup utilities such as File History and Time Machine use a technique called file __________ to make sure that files on two devices are the same.

synchronization

An operating system is an example of___software

system

Because RAM is ________, it cannot retain data in a device that is turned off.

volatile

A magnetic storage device uses a read-__________ head to magnetize particles that represent data.

write

8088, i7, and Athlon A6 are _________ compatible microprocessors.

x86

input

As a noun, the information that is conveyed to a computer. As a verb, to enter data into a digital device. It's whatever is typed, submitted, or transmitted to a computer.

An_____circuit is a set of microscopic electronic components etched onto a thin slice of semiconducting material.

Integrated

A(n) __________ uses the same storage technology as a USB flash drive but is not designed to be removable.

SSD

Virtual Memory

Space on a hard disk or other storage device that simulates random access memory. Used whenever the RAM is full.

Which of the following is not a mouse setting that can be changed?

Turn off mouse when not in use.

microprocessor

An integrated circuit that contains the circuitry for processing data. It is a single-chip version of the central processing unit (CPU) found in all modern computers.

flash memory

Type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten. Performance is not as good as RAM and has limited write cycles.

The most commonly used general-purpose technology for connecting gadgets to laptop and desktop computers is a(n) ______________.

USB

One of the ports on your laptop is rectangular and the inside of it is blue. It is a(n) _________ port.

USB 3.0

central processing unit

(CPU) The main processing circuitry, or "chip," within a computer that contains the ALU, control unit, and registers.

computer program

A detailed set of instructions that tells a computer how to solve a problem or carry out a task. Simply referred to as a program.

computer

A device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output according to a stored program.

development tools

A software classification used to create other software; examples include programming languages and scripting languages.

stored program

A set of instructions that resides on a storage device, such as a hard drive, and can be loaded into computer memory and executed. The first computers were "programmed" to perform a specific task by connecting wire circuitry in a certain way. Changing tasks meant rewiring the circuits.

process data

A systematic series of actions that a computer performs to manipulate data; typically represented on a data flow diagram by a rounded rectangle. The computer processes data by performing calculations, modifying documents and pictures, drawing graphs, and sorting list of words or numbers.

The two main parts of a microprocessor include the ___________ and the control unit

ALU

Most tablets and smartphones contain processors based on __________ technology

ARM

Your friends are chatting about a low-cost laptop that "runs Google." You figure that they are actually talking about a device called a(n) ___________ that runs Google's Chrome OS as its operating system.

Chromebook

application software

Computer programs that help users perform a specific task such as word processing. Also called application programs, applications, or programs.

system software

Computer programs, such as an operating system or utility software, that help the computer carry out essential operating tasks.

What is DRAM

Dynamic RAM, the most common form of volatile memory. "working memory" that contains the memory needed to complete the ongoing task as needed.

integrated circuit

Electronic circuitry etched on a base of silicon to form a microchip.

A laptop with an Intel Core i7 microprocessor operates at a speed of 3.4 __________.

GHz

A(n) __________ handles image data, freeing the CPU for other processing tasks.

GPU

discharge rate

In the context of battery life, the speed at which energy stored in the battery is released.

The instructions for loading the operating system into RAM when a device is first turned on are stored in ___________.

ROM

apps

Short for application; popularly used to refer to applications available for the iPhone, the iPad, and other mobile devices.

What is SRAM?

Static RAM, a lower-power and faster but more expensive type of memory, used for CPU caches. This RAM is volatile like DRAM, but has better performance (speed) and doesn't need to refresh as often. The data stays in place until it is overwritten.

semiconductors

Substances, such as silicon or germanium, that can act as either a conductor or an insulator. Used in the manufacture of computer chips.

storage

The area in a computer where data is retained on a permanent basis.

system unit

The case or box that contains the computer's power supply, storage devices, main circuit board, processor, and memory.

oleophobic

The characteristic of smartphone screens that resists oils.

Memory (RAM)

The computer circuitry that holds data waiting to be processed.

form factor

The configuration of a computer's system unit; examples include tower, mini-tower, and cube.

software

The instructions that direct a computer to perform a task, interact with a user, or process data.

system board

The main circuit board in a computer that houses chips and other electronic components.

output

The results produced by a computer (for example, reports, graphs, and music).

operating system

The software that controls the computer's use of its hardware resources, such as memory and disk storage space. Also called an OS.

lithium ion

The type of battery technology used in many of today's portable devices.

There are three technologies commonly used for general-purpose ports?

Thunderbolt, FireWire, and, USB

Random __________ memory is a special holding area for data, program instructions, and the ________ system.

access, operating

Autonomous vehicles use sensor data as input to sense-plan-_____________ algorithms processed on an onboard computer.

act

This family of operating systems also includes Chrome OS, and _____________ , which is popular for tablets and smartphones.

android

Three main software types run by computers?

application software, system software, development tools

____________ is a slow wireless technology used to connect devices within a radius of about 30 feet.

bluetooth

Inside a digital device, a data ___________ connects the processor to RAM, and connects RAM to a series of expansion ____________.

bus, ports

The two most common technologies used for touchscreen displays are resistive and ______________.

capacitive

The _______________ processing unit of most modern computers is a(n) ______________.

central, microprocessor

Three form factors for digital devices are component,____, and slate

clamshell

Microprocessor performance can be measured by its ______ speed.

clock

During processing, an instruction is loaded into the processor's ________ unit.

control

An easy way to get a backup of important data files is to use the __________ command to make duplicates and store them on a USB drive.

copy

A computer is a multipurpose device that accepts input, processes___stores data, and produces output, all according to the instructions of a stored program

data

At the beginning of an update for your smartphone, you notice a warning that says "Make sure your device is connected to a wall outlet and do not turn the device off until the update is complete." You suspect that the update is going to _____________ the ROM boot loader to fix a security vulnerability.

flash

A(n) ________ sensor measures angular velocity.

gyro

A disk ____________ is a bit-for-bit copy of the contents of a hard disk, created as a backup in case of a hard drive failure.

image

A microprocessor's circuitry is designed to perform a limited number of tasks contained in its ___________ set.

instruction

A computer is a multipurpose device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output, all according to a series of stored instructions _______________.

instructions

The microprocessor is a(n) ____________ circuit, which is designed to process data based on a set of instructions.

integrated

The system unit houses the system board, which contains several ____________ circuits made from semiconducting materials.

integrated

A(n) __________ can be used as a compass for navigation and map displays.

magnetometer

Touchscreens on many digital devices have a(n) ___ coating that resists fingerprints.

oleophobic

An example of system software is a computer _________ system, which is essentially the master controller for all the activities that a digital device performs.

operating

Compatibility is primarily controlled by a device's__________ system.

operating

Today, _______________ storage technology, such as CDs and DVDs, is used for archiving data.

optical

Where does sorting fit into the IPOS model?

process

Other factors affecting overall processing performance include word size, cache size, and instruction set complexity. Most digital devices contain only one microprocessor chip, but today's multi-____________ contain circuitry that supports parallel processing.

processors

The instructions that tell a computer how to carry out a task are referred to as computer _________________, which are distributed as software. Computers run three main types of software: __________________ software, system software, and development tools.

programs, application

After purchasing a new Windows computer, your first step is to get all your backup tools in order, beginning with a(n) __________ drive that you can use to boot your computer in case of a hard drive failure.

recovery

Cloud storage, such as OneDrive and iCloud, is classified as ______________ storage as opposed to local storage.

remote

Google and other Web service providers use banks of_________to process and manage data.

servers

____________ are the most popular digital devices worldwide

smartphones