Module 22: Biology, Cognition, and Learning

Which pioneering learning researcher highlighted the antisocial effects of aggressive models on children's behavior?

Bandura

Henry, a heavy smoker, is interested in quitting. Given what you know about the cognitive processes involved in classical conditioning, what is the MOST likely reason he still has trouble quitting after he is treated with a drug that induces nausea when he smokes a cigarette?

He realizes his nausea is due to the drug, not simply the cigarette.

_____ is to _____ as Bandura is to Tolman.

Observational learning; latent learning

Which psychologist proposed a cognitive explanation of classical conditioning?

Robert Rescorla

Tina's goal is to raise children who enjoy playing musical instruments. Given what you know about observational learning, which strategy would you recommend to her?

Tina should play her own musical instrument in front of her children.

Road construction prevents you from getting to campus using the route that you usually travel. You think about the situation for a moment and then come up with a different route to take. To figure out this alternative route, you are using _____ to devise a different route.

a cognitive map

In using operant conditioning principles to train animals to perform tricks, Keller and Marian Breland found that:

an animal's inborn or instinctive behavior patterns could interfere with the operant conditioning of new behaviors.

Ted is a mildly autistic adult who has difficulty empathizing with the feelings of others and inferring what emotions another person might be experiencing. Some theorists would speculate that this is because Ted has:

an impaired mirror neuron system.

Fabian ordered chicken from a national chicken chain restaurant and became very ill immediately after eating it. Years later, Fabian still feels queasy when he sees an advertisement for the chicken chain or drives by one of its establishments. In this example, the unconditioned stimulus is the:

bacteria that caused the illness.

The textbook states that "learning is the product of the interaction of biological, psychological, and social-cultural influences." This statement suggests that learning is BEST understood through the:

biopsychosocial model.

A mental representation of the layout of one's environment is called a:

cognitive map.

Four-year-old Mia watched her mother sing while she was brushing her hair. The next day, Mia's mother saw Mia singing while brushing her dog. Mia acquired the behavior through _____ learning.

observational

One chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward. The first chimp then imitates how the second chimp solved the puzzle. This BEST illustrates _____ learning.

observational

Four-year-old Katie observed Maggie, two years younger, begin to cry when she fell down. Katie immediately ran over to Maggie, patted her on the back, and told her everything would be all right. She even began to cry herself. Katie's ability to infer Maggie's mental and emotional state is an example of:

theory of mind.

Seven-year-old Mark likes to watch Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles every day after school. When the program is finished, he meets his friends in his backyard and they playfully dropkick each other over and over. This eventually leads to real fighting between the children. This is an example of the _____ effect.

violence-viewing