Module 24. Forgetting, Memory Construction, And Improving Memory

Which statement about sexual abuse is false? -A recognizable group of symptoms known as survivor syndrome has been identified. -Sexual abuse happens more often than doctors once supposed. -Victims of sexual abuse can be predisposed to sexual dysfunction. -Victims of sexual abuse can be predisposed to depression.

A recognizable group of symptoms known as survivor syndrome has been identified.

According to the textbook, which student is MOST likely to remember more newly learned information for an exam in the morning? -Chan, who studied for three exams scheduled for the next day and got 3 hours of sleep -Jamie, who studied for her psychology exam and then went directly to bed and slept for 7 hours -Julie, who consumed coffee all night while studying for two finals -Marty, who stayed up all night to cram for his economics exam

Jamie, who studied for her psychology exam and then went directly to bed and slept for 7 hours

Who is MOST likely to have memory difficulties? -John, who mentally recreates the situation in which he originally learned the material -Jack, who studies before sleeping -Jane, who studies Spanish and French back to back -Jasmine, who builds a network of retrieval cues

Jane, who studies Spanish and French back to back

Whenever Mark tries to recall his new cell phone number, he keeps getting it mixed up with his old cell phone number. Mark's failure to remember his new phone number is probably caused by:

proactive interference

With respect to interference, _____ is to forgetting new information as _____ is to forgetting old information.

proactive; retroactive

Every time one replays a memory, one replaces the original memory with a slightly modified version. Researchers call this:

reconsolidation

Mrs. McBride cannot consciously recall how frequently she criticizes her children because it would cause her too much anxiety. Sigmund Freud would have suggested that her poor memory illustrates:

repression

Almost everybody has had the feeling of knowing the answer to a question, but not being quite able to say it. This is called the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon, and is a failure of:

retrieval

Sebastian took three years of Latin in high school. In college, he takes three courses in Spanish. By the end of college, he finds it hard to remember much Latin. Sebastian is experiencing _____ interference.

retroactive

After studying biology all afternoon, Alonzo is having difficulty remembering details of the organic chemistry material he memorized that morning. Alonzo's difficulty BEST illustrates:

retroactive interference

Dana is suffering from _____ when she fails to remember events preceding traumatic brain injury.

retrograde amnesia

Lonnie often has vivid dreams. In the morning, he can recall them in great detail. This sometimes gets him in trouble because he cannot figure out if he is remembering a dream or something that he actually experienced. This problem is known as:

source amnesia

Several months after watching a science fiction movie about space travel and alien abduction, Steve began to remember that aliens had abducted him and had subjected him to many of the horrors portrayed in the movie. His mistaken recall BEST illustrates:

source amnesia

According to _____, one reason that people forget is because they are repressing painful memories.

Freud

_____ amnesia involves an inability to form new memories.

anterograde

Colton wakes up in a hospital. Apparently, he cannot remember anything that happened immediately following a severe head injury. Colton's case BEST demonstrates:

anterograde amnesia

During a basketball game, Tyree suffered a concussion. Afterward, he could not remember the game or what happened when he was treated in the hospital. Tyree was experiencing:

anterograde amnesia

The feeling that one has had the same experience before is known as:

déjà vu

If one asked one's classmates to draw either side of a U.S. penny from memory, the majority will not be very accurate. This MOST likely reflects a failure in the memory process of _____.

encoding failure

Morris was sitting in the park one day and witnessed a robbery. When asked by a police officer to describe the young criminal, Morris recalled erroneously that the criminal was a teenager rather than an adult. Morris' experience BEST illustrates the _____ effect

misinformation

When questioning children about past events, it is important to use _____ words.

neutral