Module 3

The mathematical score that indicates how much two attributes are related to each other is called the

correlation coefficient.

The value of random assignment is that it:

ensures the equivalence of the experimental and control groups.

The independent variable in an experiment is defined as the:

factor that the experimenter manipulates.

A negative correlation between two variables suggests that

high scores on one variable relate to low scores on the other.

Research in psychology begins with

identifying the questions

In an experiment testing the effect of caffeine on alertness in students with attention deficit disorder, the caffeine is the

independent variable.

If you were to spend some time watching people in the checkout line of a local discount store to see how many read the tabloid newspapers displayed next to the register, you have chosen the __________ research method to answer your question.

naturalistic observation

The primary weakness of the case study method is

nongeneralizability

A hypothesis must be stated in a way that allows it to be tested through measureable and observable procedures. This restatement is often called a(n):

operational definition

The process of attempting to equate the experimental group and the control group before the beginning of an experiment is called

random assignment

What theory did Latane and Darley propose to explain the lack of bystander help to Kitty Genovese?

the diffusion of responsibilty

When a researcher reports that a study's outcome was significant, this suggests that

the results were unlikely to have happened by chance

Which of the following is the major problem involved in conducting a correlational study?

Cause-and-effect conclusions cannot be drawn

Which of the following approaches might be used when trying to conduct a case study of chief executive officers of corporations?

Intensively interview a small number.

In correlational research, the strength of the relation between two variables is indicated by:

a mathematical score ranging from +1.0 to -1.0.

Which of the following is the final step in psychology research?

communicate findings