Module 3
Backing Procedures:
Restraints Adjustment Traffic Check and View Target Foot on service brake Gear selector to reverse Proper Signal Release parking brake Adjust seat position Visually Seat Position Control Rear Movements Steer To Lane Using Reference Are
Searching techniques
Searching for high risk situations Visual lead Techniques for searching Collision items
Approaching Intersections:
Step 1 - (search) Identify intersections Identify Controls Check rear areas Search for intersection problems Step 2 - (evaluate) Step 3 - (evacuate)
Central (focal) vision (3-5 degrees of width)
Targeting Visual lead (20-30 seconds in front of the car) Reading Interpreting
In Virginia-----
A. The majority of crashes occur at intersections B. Most drivers were not aware of the other car when entering the intersections
Speed and vision
As speed increases, you need: More time to gather info Increased peripheral vision area, which allows for motion detection farther away from your vehicle More space between other vehicles and your vehicles for abrupt stops
Peripheral Vision: (175-185 degrees of width)
Changes in movement Changes in color
Importance of a driving system
Develop efficient use of SEE it process A. Search, evaluate, execute, in time B. Develop decision-making skills for reducing risk C. Make effective speed and position changes D. Use space to reduce high risk situations
Ten most common errors:
10 errors committed most frequently by 16 year olds in crashes 20.8 percent not attending to the path of travel 13.7% driving five mph or more too fast for condition 6.6 percent trying to driving through a curve at too high a speed 6.3% inadequate searching at an intersection, pulling in front of another car. 6.1% involving the so-called victim's lack of attention at an intersection and being struck by another driver 5.6% using improper evasive action 3.9% failing to maintain visual lead 3.9% following too closely 3.3% willfully taking right of way 3.1% being distracted
Driver error
Factors influencing driver error Lack of experience Influence of peers and other drivers Lack of crash avoidance training Influence of poor visual habits Influence of poor skill development habits Influence of decision making skills regarding risk
Need for adequate following intervals
Hand response time is close to ½ second, while foot response time is normally ¾ second. This does not take into account any lag in perception time due to fatigue, drugs, inattention, etc. A 2 second interval provides the driver time to steer out of problem areas at all posted speeds on a dry surface and break out of problems at speeds under 35 mph. A 3 second interval provides the driver time to steer out of problem areas at all posted speeds on a dry surface and break out of problems at speeds to 45 A 4 second interval provides the driver time to steer out of problem areas at all posted speeds on a dry surface and break out of problems at speeds up to 70
Two types of steering
Hand to hand Abrasive
Level of performance
Level one: habit level of awareness with an acceptable performance Level two: judgment level of awareness with an acceptable performance
Moving to Curb side of the roadway.
Traffic Check including rear and side mirror areas Proper signal Target visual reference Mirror blind area Brake Control Stabilize Steering Recheck Traffic Check Signal
Fringe vision (30-36 degrees of width)
Vehicle to roadway references Viewing path of travel Viewing line of sight to target area
Preparing for moving to roadway
maintain service brake Select proper gear Traffic Check, Including rear and side mirrors Proper signal Release parking brake Traffic recheck including mirror blindspots. Look to appropriate lane position Release service brake move to accelerator Progressive Application of pressure of the accelerator .