MODULE 3 EXAM

"Cotton was king in the Old South." Which of the following statements about cotton is true? A. It was grown primarily in the Upper South. B. It was grown only by the larger slaveowners. C. Cultivation migrated gradually westward to new agricultural frontiers. D. By 1860 the United States produced almost half of the world's cotton supply.

C. Cultivation migrated gradually westward to new agricultural frontiers.

Slaveowners made up ________ of the southern white population, but the true "planters of consequence," with at least 50 slaves, ________. A. the great majority; were found only in the older Tidewater region B. about half; dominated politics C. roughly a quarter; made up less than 1% of the total white population Correct D. a small minority; constituted a majority of those slaveholders

C. roughly about a quarter; made up less than 1% of the total population

When cotton farmers were opening up new land for cotton cultivation, they typically planted ________ the first year after clearing the new fields. cotton corn wheat soybeans

Corn

Which of the following is an indication that the development of the modern presidency began with Andrew Jackson? He was the first president to effectively use the veto power to shape legislative policy to his liking. He created the offices of secretary of state and secretary of war. He used his office to shape the country's economic direction. He doubled the size of the federal bureaucracy.

He was the first president to effectively use the veto power to shape legislative policy to his liking.

A post-War of 1812 program of economic centralization, designed to promote internal economic development, was pushed by a group of aggressive young Republican nationalists. Which of the following did this program NOT include? funding the war debt a protective tariff a national bank federal subsidies for public works projects

funding the war debt

The steamboat was first introduced ________ but had its greatest impact ________. from Europe; when Americans invented improvements on the Hudson River; on western rivers as a low-cost, democratic innovation; on the wealthy classes, who could continue to enjoy its amenities even after fares skyrocketed with exaggerated claims as to its future importance; in literature rather than as an economic tool

on the Hudson River; on western rivers

As president, John Quincy Adams: took the lead in organizing a new political party to undergird his reelection campaign. named Andrew Jackson as his secretary of state. negotiated a series of key diplomatic agreements with several foreign powers. proposed a broad program of support for manufacturing, agriculture, and the arts.

proposed a broad program of support for manufacturing, agriculture, and the arts

Jackson finally destroyed the national bank by: precipitating a depression in 1833. withdrawing federal funds from it. refusing to continue to deposit federal funds in it, and depositing them in selected state banks instead. refusing to accept paper money.

refusing to continue to deposit federal funds in it, instead depositing them in selected state banks.

What was key to making the Merrimack valley the nation's greatest industrial center in the first half of the nineteenth century? regulating the river's waters the Lawrence dam New Hampshire lakes Lowell's seven canals

regulating the river's waters

Which of the following groups purchased the greatest amount of western land from the federal government? industrialists small farmers squatters speculators

speculators

The factory system began in which industry? textiles shoemaking firearms iron production

textiles

Daniel Webster refuted Calhoun's theory of American government by arguing that the Homestead Act was indeed unconstitutional. southerners should support western expansion due to New England's growing political power. the Constitution was created by "the people" and not as a compact among the separate states. Jackson's economic policies were at fault.

the Constitution was created by "the people" and not as a compact among the separate states

The Virginia Debate of 1832: led to a resolution declaring slavery a positive good. caused the legislature to condemn slavery but adopt no program to deal with it. led to the adoption of a program of gradual emancipation. was the last significant attempt by white southerners to take action against slavery.

was the last significant attempt by white southerners to take action against slavery

The gang and task systems: were used alternately in the spring and fall. were the two main ways of organizing slave labor. were used for rice and sugar production, but not cotton. required constant supervision of the slaves.

were the two main ways of organizing slave labor

Which of the following did NOT oppose Garrisonian abolitionism? southerners, who drove antislavery sympathizers out of the South northerners, who seized Garrison and killed Lovejoy women, whom Garrison alienated when he refused to link the antislavery cause to women's rights other abolitionists, whom Garrison alienated with his radical condemnation of political solutions

women, whom Garrison alienated when he refused to link the antislavery cause to women's rights

In terms of sheer numbers, which of the following groups made up the backbone of southern society? the planters of consequence whites who owned only a few slaves whites who owned between 20 and 50 slaves yeoman farmers who owned no slaves

yeoman farmers who owned no slaves

Romanticism 1. came from Europe as part of the Enlightenment. 2. was incompatible with the doctrines of the revivals. 3. considered emotion as the source of truth. 4. was a uniquely American cultural movement.

1. came from Europe as part of the Enlightenment.

Which of the following was NOT a reason that women were highly prominent in the revivals? 1. Since the husband's domain was the household, women made the church their domain. 2. Marriage became more uncertain as it came to be based more on affection. 3. The church and its networks offered companionship and support in unpredictable times. 4. Involvement in the church gave young women respectability and a sense of purpose.

1. Since the husband's domain was the household, women made the church their domain.

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement concerning the significance of the Second Great Awakening? 1. Evangelical Protestantism became the dominant form of Christianity in America. 2. It reinforced the sense of pessimism and guilt that was present in America at the time. 3. It emphasized the ability of anyone to attain salvation. 4. It reinforced the dominant American belief in equality and democracy.

2. It reinforced the sense of pessimism and guilt that was present in America at the time.

What reform effort suffered a temporary political defeat through the gag rule? 1. the anti-drinking crusade 2. the abolitionist drive to petition Congress against slavery 3. the movement to improve prison conditions 4. the campaign for women's suffrage

2. the abolitionist drive to petition Congress against slavery

The national market economy created a society that was more differentiated and specialized. That new condition, in turn, caused 1. specialized labor unions that grew most rapidly in the depression of the late 1830s. 2. an increased pride in craftsmanship that became more important than just sheer productivity. 3. an increasingly unequal distribution of wealth in society, with those at the top controlling a greater share. 4. a class of newly rich, most of whom came from lower-class farm-family backgrounds.

3. an increasingly unequal distribution of wealth in society, with those at the top controlling a greater share

The abolitionist movement split in 1840 1. because of Garrison's support for black rights. 2. because of Weld's failure to win over Beecher and Finney. 3. over the issue of women's rights. 4. over the issue of mixing religion and politics.

3. over the issue of women's rights

Some secular thinkers shared the Transcendentalists' view that ________ was corrupting American society. 1. acquisitiveness 2. competition 3. inequality 4. All these answers are correct

4. all these answers are correct

By 1850 Catholics accounted for ________ percent of the U.S. population—the same percentage as Presbyterians. 5 8 11 14

8

Of the following statements, which is the most accurate in explaining why the Panic of 1819 was so significant? The nation had never before experienced economic hard times. In reaction, land sales rose to speculative heights. As the first major American depression, it affected city folk and rural Americans alike. It prompted a frenzy of canal building.

As the first major American depression, it affected city folk and rural Americans alike.

The Tidewater planter _______, while the planter of the Deep South _______. A. raised primarily rice; raised primarily cotton B. aspired to the ideal of the English country gentleman; was an entrepreneur bound on making a fortune C. dealt brutally with his slaves; tended to treat slaves more humanely D. defended slavery as a positive good; was often troubled by the immorality of the slave system

B. aspired to the ideal of the English country gentleman; was an entrepreneur bound on making a fortune

Which of the following statements about the nullification crisis of 1832 is FALSE? The issue under discussion was the tariff, but the right of secession was also debated. Andrew Jackson determined that the president had the right to use force to preserve the Union. The nullification theory, according to Calhoun, gave the South a legal device to justify secession. Jackson eventually backed down from the controversy and gave in completely to South Carolina's demands.

Jackson eventually backed down from the controversy and gave in completely to South Carolina's demands.

The chapter introduction tells the story of clockmaker Chauncey Jerome to make the point that locks both made possible and symbolized the organized routines of an industrialized society. Jerome's rise and fall were made possible by the opportunities offered in an expanding market economy that bound Americans together through ever more complex and specialized ways. the intricate but comprehensible mechanism of a clock was to become the favorite metaphor for an age that believed human reason could discern the workings of natural law and apply those discoveries to improving the material conditions of life. Jerome exemplifies the exploited urban laborer who becomes a helpless victim of the forces of rapid and relentless industrialization.

Jerome's rise and fall were made possible by the opportunities offered in a national market economy that bound Americans together in complex and specialized ways.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is also known as

Mormon Church

Craftworkers such as carpenters, printers, and tailors formed unions, and in 1834 individual unions came together in the American Federation of Labor. Allied Craftworkers Union. National Trades' Union. Congress of Industrial Organizations.

National Trades' Union

In the 1830s, reacting to Nat Turner's rebellion and the growing abolitionist movement, southern slaveholders developed the argument that slavery was a positive good. Which of the following assertions was NOT part of their proslavery argument? Slavery was a beneficial status for blacks, as they required white guardianship. Slavery was sanctioned by the Bible and history. Slavery was more consistent with the humanitarian spirit of the age than the northern wage labor system. Slavery's opponents could build no persuasive argument against it.

Slavery's opponents could build no persuasive argument against it.

Yeoman farmers in the South: owned only a few slaves. hated the planter class. opposed slavery because it hurt them economically. suffered from isolation, a limited market, and chronic money shortage.

Suffered from isolation, a limited market, and chronic money shortage

While the democratic winds of change blew all over the world during the 1830s and 1840s, only in one country were the reforms significant. This country was Great Britain. Prussia. the United States. France.

The United States

Seneca Falls, New York, was the site of George Ripley's Brook Farm. Charles Grandison Finney's greatest revival. the first major women's rights convention. Lane Seminary.

The first major women's rights convention

Which of the following statements best describes the attitude of Jacksonian Democrats toward slavery and blacks? They strongly supported slavery as a positive good for all parts of the country. They accepted the institution of slavery in the South and opposed rights for free blacks in the North. They quietly encouraged the minority among their ranks who worked for the abolition of slavery. They took steps at the state level to improve the condition of blacks, but did not try to abolish slavery.

They accepted the institution of slavery in the South and opposed rights for free blacks in the North.

Which of the following groups played a rather surprising role in the Whig campaign in 1840? free blacks women Indians None of these answers is correct.

Women

Within only two months of taking office, President Martin Van Buren ran into trouble because of a business panic that became a lingering depression. a diplomatic crisis with Great Britain that favored the Whigs. the problems associated with the Trail of Tears. antislavery protests.

a business panic that became a lingering depression.

With respect to the middle-class family after 1820, all of the following explain the decline in family size in general and in the birth rate in particular EXCEPT parents' desire to improve the standard of living of themselves and their children. the use of birth control methods. delaying marriage until one had the financial means to support a family. a view of family more geared to functional usefulness than affection.

a view of family more geared to functional usefulness than affection.

Which of the following was an adherent of Unitarianism? John Adams Thomas Jefferson John Quincy Adams All these answers are correct.

all these are correct

The key component needed for the United States to have a truly national market economy was: greater capital investment. an efficient transportation system. steam power. a modern communications system including four-season postal roads and the telegraph.

an efficient transportation system

Three major issues dominated Jackson's administration, all the result of the nation's rapid geographic and economic expansion. Which of the following is NOT one of these three issues? Indian removal to the West controls on both slave and free black communities the protective tariff money and banking issues

controls on both slave and free black communities

Public interest and involvement in politics grew in the U.S. after 1820 because of a growing: public support for equality of condition among all members of society. conviction that government should promote the economic well-being of society. disillusionment with the politics of personality. fear of threats from abroad.

conviction that government should promote the economic well-being of society

During the quarter-century after the War of 1812 ended, the most expansive force in the American economy was cotton production. land sales. textile manufacture. canal construction.

cotton production.

What was the most basic reason so many Americans moved so much, especially to the new western lands? greater political freedom improved economic opportunity more comfortable social relationships a sense of providential destiny

improved economic opportunity

Where was the black belt region described in the text located? in central Alabama, in the heart of the deep South, where the rich soil was ideal for cotton in the Tennessee River valley, where devastating flooding was frequent along the Gulf Coast, where the slave population was concentrated in an arc from South Carolina to Mississippi, where in most counties blacks outnumbered whites

in central Alabama, in the heart of the deep South, where the rich soil was ideal for cotton

During the Jacksonian era, free blacks in the North: could not vote in any state. escaped outright segregation despite some restrictions. increasingly emphasized racial unity, self-help, and a renewal of ties with Africa. found jobs most readily in the popular minstrel shows.

increasingly emphasized racial unity, self-help, and a renewal of ties with Africa.

What was the most popular form of entertainment in Jacksonian America? the minstrel show cockfighting camp meetings political festivals

the minstrel show

The slave population concentrated in all of the following places EXCEPT the Deep South. the Upper South. in areas of fertile soil and relatively flat terrain. in areas accessible to transportation.

the upper south

The slave family: had to be sold as a unit, according to laws in the Upper South. usually consisted of the nuclear unit (father, mother, and their children), but often was part of larger kinship networks. rarely existed in a functional way on large plantations. was essentially impossible to sustain under the conditions of bondage.

usually consisted of the nuclear unit (father, mother, and their children), but often was part of larger kinship networks

The slave population: was concentrated in the Deep South. moved steadily south and east. was concentrated in the East. was concentrated west of the Mississippi River.

was concentrated in the Deep South.