Module 3 Quiz 1

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct? Hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting. Hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets. Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously. Approximately 25% of the population has hemophilia.

Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.

Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct? Low-velocity bullets will cause the greatest amount of trauma. High-velocity bullets will cause less severe internal injuries. The size of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced. The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.

The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.

A 19-year-old male is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless after being struck in the center of the chest with a softball. Based on the mechanism of injury, what MOST likely occurred? -Ventricular fibrillation when the impact occurred during a critical portion of the cardiac cycle -Collapse of both lungs due to fractured ribs that perforated the lung tissue and caused cardiac arrest -Asystole secondary to massive intrathoracic hemorrhage due to traumatic rupture of the aorta -Fracture of the sternum that caused a rupture of the myocardium and led to a cardiac dysrhythmia

Ventricular fibrillation when the impact occurred during a critical portion of the cardiac cycle

Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to increase a person's risk of hypothermia? Head injury Hyperglycemia Spinal cord injury Severe infection

Hyperglycemia

The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as: a predictable pattern that leads to serious injuries. your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries. the way in which traumatic injuries occur. the detection of less obvious life-threatening injuries.

your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.

When the body loses sweat, it also loses: erythrocytes. nutrients. electrolytes. plasma.

electrolytes.

In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the MOST difficult to control? Jugular vein laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg Femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg Antecubital vein laceration and a blood pressure of 138/92 mm Hg Carotid artery laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 60 mm Hg

femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first: follow appropriate standard precautions. place the patient on high-flow oxygen. perform a rapid head-to-toe assessment. apply direct pressure to the wound.

follow appropriate standard precautions.

In contrast to a Level III trauma center, a Level I trauma center must: have access to an emergency physician within 30 minutes. have general surgeons that are in-house 24 hours a day. be involved in trauma prevention programs. be able to stabilize patients before transferring to a higher level facility.

have general surgeons that are in-house 24 hours a day.

Covering a patient's _________ will significantly minimize radiation heat loss. head chest abdomen extremities

head

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to: how fast his or her heart beats. how rapidly he or she bleeds. his or her baseline blood pressure. the part of the body injured.

how rapidly he or she bleeds

Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extrication will allow the EMT to: determine the vehicle's speed at the time of impact. assess the severity of the third collision of the crash. identify contact points and predict potential injuries. recognize if the driver hit the brakes before impact.

identify contact points and predict potential injuries.

Functions of dressings and bandages include all of the following, EXCEPT: protection from further injury. control of external hemorrhage. prevention of contamination. immobilization of the injury.

immobilization of the injury.

The presence of tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury: indicates a state of decompensated shock. is always accompanied by hypotension. should be assumed to be a sign of shock. is most commonly caused by severe pain.

should be assumed to be a sign of shock.

After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should: splint the arm and keep it below heart level. place additional dressings over the wound. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound. replace the dressing with another dressing.

place additional dressings over the wound

Your assessment of a 23-year-old female reveals a core body temperature of 93.4°F (34°C). She is conscious, answers your questions appropriately, is shivering, and complains of nausea. Her skin is cold and pale, her muscles appear rigid, and her respirations are rapid. You should: -sit her up and give her small sips of warm water to drink, place heat packs to her axillae and groin, and cover her with blankets. -cover her with warm blankets and let her move about on the stretcher in order to generate body heat and increase her temperature. -place heat packs to her groin, axillae, and behind her neck; cover her with warm blankets; and avoid rough handling. -apply the AED in case she develops cardiopulmonary arrest, cover her with layers of blankets, and transport carefully.

place heat packs to her groin, axillae, and behind her neck; cover her with warm blankets; and avoid rough handling.

Crepitus and false motion are: most common with dislocations. indicators of a severe sprain. positive indicators of a fracture. only seen with open fractures.

positive indicators of a fracture.

A 30-year-old man complains of severe pain to his right tibia following an injury that occurred the day before. The patient's leg is pale and he is unable to move his foot. The EMT should suspect that: pressure in the fascial compartment is elevated. the nerves behind the knee are compromised. a severe infection has developed in the muscle. the nerves supplying the foot have been severed.

pressure in the fascial compartment is elevated.

You are transporting a 28-year-old man with a frostbitten foot. The patient's vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries or symptoms. The weather is treacherous and your transport time to the hospital is approximately 45 minutes. During transport, you should: -rewarm his foot in 102°F to 104°F (38.9°C to 40°C) water. -cover his foot with chemical heat compresses. -administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. -protect the affected part from further injury.

protect the affected part from further injury.

Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is MOST often controlled by: applying a tourniquet. splinting the extremity. applying chemical ice pack. keeping the patient warm.

splinting the extremity.

Which of the following interventions may be used to help reduce intracranial pressure? Maintaining the SpO2 at 90% Increasing the patient's body temperature 30-degree elevation of the head Supine with the legs elevated

30-degree elevation of the head

During your assessment of a patient with a head injury, you note that he opens his eyes when you pinch his trapezius muscle, is mumbling, and has his arms curled in toward his chest. You should assign him a GCS score of: 10. 7. 9. 8.

7

The cervical spine is composed of _____ vertebrae. 6 8 5 7

7

Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below: 98°F (37°C). 95°F (35°C). 90°F (32°C). 88°F (31°C).

95°F (35°C).

A dysbarism injury refers to the signs and symptoms related to changes in: rapid descent. decompression. rapid ascent. barometric pressure.

barometric pressure

When worn properly, a seat belt should lie: -across the abdominal wall at the level of the diaphragm and below the hip joints. -above the anterior posterior iliac spines of the pelvis and below the hip joints. -below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints. -across the abdominal wall at the level of the umbilicus and against the hip joints.

below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints.

According to the rule of palm method for estimating the extent of a patient's burns, the palm of the patient's hand is equal to _____ of his or her total BSA. 6% 2% 1% 4%

1%

An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost. 100 mL 50 mL 200 mL 150 mL

100 mL

A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his BSA. 45% 27% 36% 18%

18%

Which of the following statements regarding the clotting of blood is correct? Bleeding begins to clot when the end of a damaged vessel dilates. Venous and capillary blood typically does not clot spontaneously. Direct contact with the environment prevents blood from clotting. A person taking blood thinners will experience slower blood clotting.

A person taking blood thinners will experience slower blood clotting.

In which of the following patients should you remove an impaled object? A conscious and alert patient with a fishhook impaled in the eye A pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back An apneic patient with a shard of glass impaled in the abdomen A semiconscious patient with an ice pick impaled in the chest

A pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back

A small compact car was involved in a rollover crash. As you are approaching the vehicle, you note that the roof is significantly collapsed. The patient, a 29-year-old male, is complaining of severe pain in his neck and to the top of his head as well as numbness and tingling in his extremities. Witnesses who removed the patient from the vehicle state that he was wearing his seatbelt. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this patient's condition? Compression of the head against the roof Whiplash injury to the neck during the rollover Lateral bending of the neck during the crash Impact of the head against the steering wheel

Compression of the head against the roof

Which of the following statements regarding electrical burns is correct? -Entrance wounds are small relative to the amount of internal tissue damage. -Respiratory or cardiac arrest following an electrical burn is very uncommon. -The exit wound caused by electrical burns is smaller than the entrance wound. -The size of the entry and exit wounds is a reliable indicator of internal damage.

Entrance wounds are small relative to the amount of internal tissue damage.

A 66-year-old male presents with dark red rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. He is conscious and alert; however, his skin is cool and clammy and his pulse is rapid. Further assessment reveals that his blood pressure is 112/60 mm Hg. Which of the following questions would be MOST pertinent to ask him? What does your blood pressure normally run? Have you experienced recent abdominal trauma? Do you take any over-the-counter medications? Has blood soaked through your undergarments?

Have you experienced recent abdominal trauma?

Which of the following statements regarding shoulder dislocations is correct? They are caused by forced arm adduction. They involve the acromion process and humerus. Most shoulder dislocations occur anteriorly. Posterior dislocations are most common.

Most shoulder dislocations occur anteriorly.

By what mechanism is a person injured when he or she falls from a significant height? -As the person falls, the amount of kinetic energy is converted into work; work is then converted to kinetic energy upon impact. -Potential energy is created as the person is falling; the potential energy is then converted into kinetic energy upon impact. -Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop. -Kinetic energy is converted to potential energy; the potential energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop.

Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop.

A patient with a chest injury has a blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg and a pulse rate of 120 beats/min. Which of the following additional findings should make you suspect a pericardial tamponade? Repeat BP of 90/68 mm Hg The pulse becomes irregular Unilaterally absent breath sounds Flattening of the jugular veins

Repeat BP of 90/68 mm Hg

During an altercation in a bar, two patrons got into a fist fight. The first patient, a 44-year-old female, was struck in the mouth and refuses EMS care. The second patient, a 39-year-old female, has a small laceration to her left knuckle and also refuses EMS care. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is correct? The 44-year-old female is at high risk for an infection. You should contact the police and have the patients arrested. The 39-year-old female is at high risk for an infection. The patient struck in the mouth should be immobilized.

The 39-year-old female is at high risk for an infection.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes hyperthermia? The core body temperature exceeds 99.5°F (37°C). The body eliminates more heat than it can generate. Heat evaporates a significant amount of body water. The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose.

The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose.

In order for electricity to flow through the body and cause damage: Group of answer choices: -an insulator must exist between the electrical source and the patient. -the person must make direct physical contact with the source of electricity. -the part of the body that is in contact with the electrical source must be dry. -a complete circuit must exist between the electrical source and the ground.

a complete circuit must exist between the electrical source and the ground.

The MOST reliable sign of a head injury is: an abnormally low blood pressure. a decreased level of consciousness. decreased sensation in the extremities. a pulse that is rapid and thready.

a decreased level of consciousness.

The mesentery is: -a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body. -a complex network of blood vessels that supply blood to the liver. the point of attachment between the small and large intestines. -a layer of thick skeletal muscles that protects the abdominal organs.

a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body.

Compression injuries to the abdomen that occur during a motor vehicle crash are typically the result of: air bag deployment. a poorly placed lap belt. failure to wear seatbelts. rapid vehicle deceleration.

a poorly placed lap belt

An indicator of an expanding intracranial hematoma or rapidly progressing brain swelling is: a progressively lowering blood pressure. a rapid deterioration of neurologic signs. an acute increase in the patient's pulse rate. acute unilateral paralysis following the injury.

a rapid deterioration of neurologic signs.

Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the: ability of the blood to effectively clot. ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. white blood cells' ability to fight infection. systolic blood pressure exclusively.

ability of the blood to effectively clot.

The meninges, along with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that circulates in between each meningeal layer, function by: regenerating brain cells after they have been damaged. acting as a shock absorber for the brain and spinal cord. producing leukocytes that protect the brain from infection. delivering oxygen directly to the CNS.

acting as a shock absorber for the brain and spinal cord.

During your assessment of a 22-year-old male who was assaulted, you note widespread contusions and abrasions to his face, chest, and abdomen. His pulse is rapid and weak, and his skin is cool and clammy. You should: -place him in a sitting position and give him oxygen. -conclude that he is experiencing intracranial bleeding. -perform a focused physical exam of his abdomen. -administer oxygen and prepare for rapid transport.

administer oxygen and prepare for rapid transport.

While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should: recognize that he needs a needle decompression. immediately perform a rapid head-to-toe exam. administer oxygen and transport to the hospital. circumferentially tape a dressing around his chest.

administer oxygen and transport to the hospital.

The MOST significant complication associated with facial injuries is: airway compromise. cervical spine injury. damage to the eyes. mandibular immobility.

airway compromise.

You are dispatched to a convenience store, where the clerk sustained a laceration to the side of his neck during a robbery attempt. During your assessment, you note bright red blood spurting from the laceration. You should: -apply pressure to the closest arterial pressure point. -circumferentially wrap a dressing around his neck. -apply direct pressure below the lacerated vessel. -apply direct pressure above and below the wound.

apply direct pressure above and below the wound

In contrast to Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever: may be confused with rheumatoid arthritis. presents with flu-like symptoms and a bull's-eye rash. causes painful joint swelling after a few days or weeks. can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse.

can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse.

A 50-year-old male was splashed in the eyes with radiator fluid when he was working on his car. During your assessment, he tells you that he wears soft contact lenses. You should: -carefully remove the contact lenses and then irrigate his eyes with saline. -leave the contact lenses in place and cover both eyes with a dry dressing. -remove the contact lenses and cover his eyes with a dry, sterile dressing. leave the contact lenses in place and flush his eyes with sterile water.

carefully remove the contact lenses and then irrigate his eyes with saline.

Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as the: -effective removal of carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste products from the body's cells. -ability of the systemic arteries to constrict as needed to maintain an adequate blood pressure. -circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body's metabolic needs. -effective transfer of oxygen from the venules across the systemic capillary membrane walls.

circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the organ's metabolic needs.

The MOST commonly fractured bone(s) in the body is the: clavicle. scapula. midshaft femur. radius and ulna.

clavicle

Signs and symptoms of a tension pneumothorax include all of the following, EXCEPT: collapsed jugular veins. unilaterally absent breath sounds. profound cyanosis. altered mental status.

collapsed jugular veins.

When assessing a patient with a possible fracture of the leg, the EMT should: assess proximal circulation. ask the patient to move the injured leg. compare it to the uninjured leg. carefully move it to elicit crepitus.

compare it to the uninjured leg.

When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70°F (21°C), heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called: evaporation. radiation. conduction. convection.

conduction.

A 39-year-old male accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening his hunting knife. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing, but is bleeding significantly from the wound. You should: ensure the patient has a patent airway. apply oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask. control the bleeding with direct pressure. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound.

control the bleeding with direct pressure.

A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should: scrape the splinter away with moist, sterile gauze. cover his right eye and flush the left eye with saline. remove the object with a cotton-tipped applicator. cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital.

cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital.

Drowning is MOST accurately defined as: death from suffocation after submersion in water. death beyond 24 hours after submersion in water. water in the lungs following submersion in water. temporary survival after submersion in water.

death from suffocation after submersion in water.

The frontal and parietal bones of the skull are especially susceptible to: nondisplaced skull fractures. depressed skull fractures. linear skull fractures. basilar skull fractures.

depressed skull fractures.

A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the: epidermis. dermal layer. muscle fascia. fatty layer.

dermal layer

The disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact is called a: dislocation. strain. sprain. fracture.

dislocation

A Colles fracture involves a fracture of the: distal radius. distal ulna. radius and ulna. proximal radius.

distal radius.

Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause: referred pain. nausea or vomiting. distention. diffuse bruising.

distention.

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is: dizziness upon standing. a rapid, thready pulse. rapid, shallow breathing. a decreasing blood pressure.

dizziness upon standing.

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask, and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should: -insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM. -suction his oropharynx to ensure it is clear of secretions and then increase the oxygen flow rate to 15 L/min. -reassess his vital signs and then notify the receiving hospital of the change in his clinical status. -perform a comprehensive secondary assessment to determine why his clinical status has changed.

insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM.

The MOST critical treatment for a tension pneumothorax involves: placing a bulky dressing over the affected side of the chest. assisting the patient's breathing with increased tidal volume. inserting a needle through the rib cage into the pleural space. surgically removing the portion of the lung that is damaged.

inserting a needle through the rib cage into the pleural space.

During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicus. This is a sign of: a severe liver laceration. rupture of a hollow organ. a ruptured spleen. intra-abdominal bleeding.

intra-abdominal bleeding.

A simple pneumothorax: heals on its own without any treatment. is caused by penetrating chest trauma. is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma. often has a nontraumatic cause.

is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma.

A 17-year-old female dislocated her patella while playing soccer. Her knee is flexed and she complains of severe pain. You should: keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints. make one attempt to return the patella to its normal position. gently straighten her knee and apply a padded board splint. flex her knee slightly more and assess for distal circulation.

keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints.

You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year-old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unresponsive, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient has experienced a: massive hemothorax. laceration of the aorta. pericardial tamponade. tension pneumothorax.

laceration of the aorta.

Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during: rear-end collisions. frontal collisions. rollover collisions. lateral collisions.

lateral collisions

All of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, EXCEPT for the: anus. nose. lips. mouth.

lips

The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the: respiratory system. nervous system. cardiovascular system. renal system.

nervous system.

During the normal wound healing process, bleeding may occur from even a minor injury because: -there is a substantial decrease in the number of platelets in and around the wound, which increases the risk of bleeding. -new capillaries that stem from intact capillaries are delicate and take time to become as stable as the preexisting capillaries. -histamines released by the immune system constrict the blood vessels, which increases the pressure within them. -bacteria and other microorganisms invade the wound site and damage the capillaries, which makes them more prone to bleeding.

new capillaries that stem from intact capillaries are delicate and take time to become as stable as the preexisting capillaries.

A 44-year-old male sustained a laceration to his left ear during a minor car accident. Your assessment reveals minimal bleeding. Appropriate care for this injury includes: padding between the ear and the scalp. applying a tight pressure dressing. packing the ear with sterile gauze pads. covering the wound with a moist dressing.

padding between the ear and the scalp.

Signs and symptoms of an air embolism include all of the following, EXCEPT: dysphasia. pale skin. joint pain. dizziness.

pale skin

A 20-year-old male was pulled from cold water by his friends. The length of his submersion is not known and was not witnessed. You perform a primary assessment and determine that the patient is apneic and has a slow, weak pulse. You should: -provide rescue breathing, remove his wet clothing, immobilize his entire spine, keep him warm, and transport carefully. -ventilate with a bag-valve mask, apply a rigid cervical collar, remove his wet clothing, and transport rapidly. -apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, immobilize his spine, keep him warm, and transport rapidly. -suction his airway for 30 seconds, provide rescue breathing, keep him warm, and transport at once.

provide rescue breathing, remove his wet clothing, immobilize his entire spine, keep him warm, and transport carefully.

A man called EMS 12 hours after injuring his chest. Your assessment reveals a flail segment to the right side of the chest. The patient is experiencing respiratory distress and his oxygen saturation is 78%. His breath sounds are equal bilaterally and his jugular veins are normal. You should suspect: tension pneumothorax. traumatic asphyxia. pulmonary contusion. massive hemothorax.

pulmonary contusion.

High air temperature reduces the body's ability to lose heat by: conduction. evaporation. radiation. convection.

radiation.

When caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an air bag that did not deploy upon impact, you should: remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you. recognize that the force of impact was most likely not severe. realize that the air bag malfunctioned at the time of impact. suspect that the patient may have experienced serious injuries.

remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you

A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should: -replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing. -carefully probe the wound to determine if the bleeding is venous or arterial. -thoroughly irrigate the wound with sterile water and cover it with a sterile dressing. -carefully remove the avulsed flap and wrap it in a moist, sterile trauma dressing.

replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing

When assessing a patient with a head injury, you note the presence of thin, bloody fluid draining from his right ear. This indicates: fractures to the internal structures of the ear following direct trauma. rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head. a linear skull fracture and a significant increase in intracranial pressure. significant pressure and bleeding in between the skull and dura mater.

rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head.

The cricoid cartilage: lies superior to the thyroid cartilage in the neck. lies superior to the cricothyroid membrane in the neck. is easier to see and palpate than the thyroid cartilage. is the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea.

s the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea.

You are assessing a man with suspected hypothermia. The patient is conscious and alert, and is actively shivering. His respiratory rate is increased, but his breathing is unlabored, and the pulse oximeter reads 72%. The pulse oximetry reading is MOST likely: a direct reflection of his increased respiratory rate. secondary to decreased perfusion in the extremities. accurate because he has signs of respiratory failure. accurate because shivering affects hemoglobin binding.

secondary to decreased perfusion in the extremities.

During your assessment of a patient who was shot in the abdomen, you notice a large entrance wound with multiple small puncture wounds surrounding it. This wound pattern is MOST consistent with a: .357 magnum. .22-caliber pistol. handgun. shotgun.

shotgun

During your secondary assessment of a 30-year-old male who fell 25 feet, you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. Your partner advises you that the patient's blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. After completing your assessment, you should: -log roll the patient onto a long backboard and transport at once. -stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine. -defer spinal immobilization and transport to a trauma center. -perform a focused physical exam with emphasis on the pelvis.

stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine.

Which of the following statements regarding the dermis is correct? the dermis contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings. The dermis produces a substance that provides color to the skin. The dermis lies above the germinal layer and provides protection. The cells of the dermis are worn away and are constantly replaced.

the dermis contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings.

An air embolism associated with diving occurs when: high water pressure forces air into the mediastinum. the alveoli completely collapse due to high pressure. the diver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent. the diver hyperventilates prior to entering the water.

the diver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent.

Patients with full-thickness (third-degree) burns generally do not complain of pain because: blister formation protects the burn. the nerve endings have been destroyed. he or she is generally not conscious. subcutaneous vessels are usually clotted.

the nerve endings have been destroyed.

An open fracture is MOST accurately defined as a fracture in which: a bullet shatters the underlying bone. a large laceration overlies the fracture. the overlying skin is no longer intact. bone ends protrude through the skin.

the overlying skin is no longer intact.

The Adam's apple is: the small indentation in between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages. the lower part of the larynx that is formed by the cricoid cartilage. below the thyroid cartilage and forms the upper part of the trachea. the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage.

the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage.

Passengers who are seated in the rear of a vehicle and are wearing only lap belts have a higher incidence of injuries to the _____________ spine during a rear-end crash. thoracic and sacral thoracic and lumbar lumbar and coccygeal lumbar and sacral

thoracic and lumbar

Most of the serious injuries associated with scuba diving are caused by: too rapid of an ascent. too rapid of a descent. cold water temperature. alcohol consumption.

too rapid of an ascent.

According to the Association of Air Medical Services, you should consider air medical transport of a trauma patient if: -he or she was involved in a motor vehicle crash in which another occupant in the same vehicle was killed, even if your patient's injuries are minor. -the patient requires advanced life support care and stabilization, and the nearest ALS-ground ambulance is more than 5 to 10 minutes away. -traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome. -ground transport will take your ambulance out of service for an extended period of time, regardless of the severity of the patient's injuries.

traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome.

A 4-year-old female has a peanut lodged in the external auditory canal of her right ear. You should: -remove the peanut with a cotton-tipped swab. -use tweezers to try to remove the object. -transport her to the emergency department. -thoroughly flush her ear with sterile saline.

transport her to the emergency department.

Immediate death from blunt chest trauma following a motor vehicle crash is MOST often the result of: penetrating lung injuries. traumatic aortic rupture. a tension pneumothorax. a massive cardiac contusion.

traumatic aortic rupture.