module 4

Which of the following consists of a wall of series of alveoli interrupted by thin bands of smooth muscle lined by squamous cells?

Alveolar Ducts

An alveolar septum includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Clara cells INCLUDES: -capillaries -macrophages -fibroblasts -elastic fibers -type I pneumocytes -type II pneumocytes

Which of the following contains very tall cells that contain smooth and straight cell membranes forming their lateral surfaces creating a visible line between the cells?

Collecting Duct

Which of the following contains a muscularis externa where the upper 1/3 portion is striated skeletal muscle, the middle third 1/3 portion is a mix of striated skeletal muscle and smooth muscle, and the lower 1/3 portion is all smooth muscle?

Esophagus

Choose all locations where taste buds are found.

- fungiform papilla - circumvallate papilla

Which of the following is the correct range of thickness of the air-blood barrier in the alveoli of the lung?

.1-1.5 micrometers

Order the structures that an oxygen molecule would pass through taken in through the nose and ending up in an erythrocyte in a capillary in an alveolar septum.

1. nasal cavity 2. nasal vestibule 3. trachea 4. larynx 5. bronchus 6. bronchiole 7. respiratory bronchiole 8. alveolar duct 9. alveolus 10. type I pneumocyte 11. basal lamina 12. endothelial cell 13. plasma

Order the structures that a waste product found in the urine such as urea would have to pass through going from the urinary space in Bowman's capsule to the urinary bladder.

1. proximal convoluted tubule 2. loop of Henle 3. distal convoluted tubule 4. collecting tubule 5. collecting duct 6. renal pelvis 7. ureter

Goblet cells are unicellular glands. Select all the organs that include goblet cells in their histological structure.

A. duodenum B. jejunum C. ileum D. colon F. stomach G. kidney collecting duct H. trachea I. bronchus

Which is a cell that processes and presents antigen?

M cell

Which of the following cells functions in respiratory Epithelium to secrete a variety of peptides via small electron dense granules?

Neuroendocrine Cells

Which of the following describes folds of the mucosa with submucosa at the core and function to increase surface area?

Plica Circularis

Which of the following is lined with simple cuboidal epithelium, contains a Brush Border of Microvilli, and Is very eosinophilic in nature.

Proximal convoluted Tubule

Which type of Epithelium lines the region of the Larynx where the vocal cords are found?

Stratified Squamous Non-keratinizing

The wall of which listed is composed completely of alveoli?

alveolar duct

Which of the following functions only to conduct air?

bronchiole

Which is at the center of a classic liver lobule?

central vein

Which of the listed cells is unique to the pancreas?

centroacinar cells

Which intestine segment has the highest density of goblet cells?

colon

Which of the following is a major contributor to the compliance of the lung?

elastic fibers

Which intestine cell types function to absorb glucose, amino acids and lipids?

enterocyte (intestinal absorptive cell)

Glucose is taken in from the lumen of the small intestine and transported into capillaries in the lamina propria by which of the listed cells?

enterocytes

Which of the following cells face the lumen of the bladder, are frequently binucleated, and can change their shape when the bladder fills?

facet cells

In its journey from the lumen of a glomerulus capillary, the first structure / barrier that a molecule of glucose would have to pass through before it enters the urinary space in Bowman's capsule is the slit pore diaphragm.

false

Structures called intracellular canaliculi play an important role in the production of pepsinogen by fundic glands of the stomach.

false

The Paneth cell in the small intestine functions as an antigen presenting cell.

false

The acini of the pancreas are composed of both serous and mucous cells.

false

The centroacinar cell of the pancreas is a part of the structure of an islet of Langerhans.

false

The endothelial cellular component of the glomerular filtration membrane has slit pores that are covered with a thin diaphragm.

false HAVE: fenestra; no diaphragms

The muscle of the tongue is the smooth muscle type.

false ITS: striated skeletal muscle

The main function of the von Kupffer cell of the liver is to synthesize and secrete fibrinogen.

false SECRETE: fibrinogen

The structures that are located in the portal area of the liver are bile duct, hepatic artery, and central vein.

false central vein is in the center of liver lobule

A microvillus is 10 micrometers long and 2 micrometers wide.

false microvilli are .5mm wide 2mm long villi are .5mm wide and .5-1.5mm long

Which histological feature is a part of the structure of the small intestine but not of the gallbladder?

goblet cells

Which function is associated with intracellular canaliculi?

hydrochloric acid production

Which is the location of a Peyer's patch?

ileum

Which is the location of stem cells in the intestine?

intestine gland wall

Which liver cell functions as a phagocyte?

kupffer cell

Which component of the intestinal wall is the core of a villus?

lamina propria

A mucosa is found in all of the locations EXCEPT:

large artery FOUND IN: -gastrointestinal tract -respiratory tract -urinary tract -male reproductive tract

Which microscopic architecture organization of the liver can explain cell death of hepatocytes near the central vein in hypoxia (low oxygen delivery) while cells near the portal area survive?

liver acinus

Which way of looking at the architecture of the liver helps to understand the location of hepatocytes that receive the least concentration of oxygen delivered by the blood supply of the liver?

liver acinus

Which is the location of intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkuhn)?

mucosa They are mucosal glands. They consist of inward projections (or you might say, outpocketings of the lining cells of the lumen) that form simple tubular glands. The openings of the intestinal glands lie between the villi.

Which denotes the usefulness of viewing liver microscopic architecture as liver acini?

oxygen delivery to hepatocytes

Centroacinar cells are a part of the histological structure of which of the listed organs?

pancreases

Which of the following glands has exclusively serous cells in their acini?

parotid gland

Which nephron segment removes protein that would have passed through the glomerular filtration membrane?

proximal convoluted tubule

A serosa includes all of the following EXCEPT:

simple columnar epithelium INCLUDES: -simple squamous epithelium -mesothelium -basal lamina -loose connective tissue

Which is the location of fat storing cells of Ito in the liver?

space of Disse they: -store vitamins and also secret the reticular fibers that forms the stroma that supports the delicate hepatocytes in the liver plates

Which of these salivary structures contributes to the final pH and tonicity (salt concentration) of saliva?

striated duct

Which is the function of cytoplasmic vesicles in a facet cell of the urinary bladder?

strores plasma membrane

Which nephron segment has simple squamous epithelium bordering its lumen?

thin segment of Henle's loop

Which of the listed tissues lines a calyx in the pelvis of a kidney?

transitional epithelium

A proximal tubule connects to a Bowman's capsule at the urinary pole.

true

A villus is a fold of the epithelium lining the small intestine.

true

Alveolar macrophages clear foreign substances from the respiring airways.

true

An afferent arteriole is a branch of an interlobular artery.

true

Bicarbonate ions from the production of HCL by parietal cells in the fundic glands of the stomach are discharged into the lamina propria and capillaries of these glands.

true

Clara cells are part of the epithelial lining of terminal bronchioles.

true

In the stomach, stem cells are located in the neck region of the gastric glands.

true

Intracellular canaliculi are structures in the parietal cell that increase membrane surface area to accommodate the large number of protein molecules that make up the pumps that actively transport hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of a fundic gland.

true

Kupffer cells phagocytize foreign substances in the blood of liver sinusoids.

true

M-cells are cells that cover the large lymphatic nodules that are present in the mucosa of the ileum. These cells are antigen presenting cells.

true

Nexin is a protein in cilium that limits how much sliding can occur between two adjacent microtubule pairs.

true

Peyer's patches are aggregates of lymphatic nodules that are in the mucosa and extend often into the submucosa. They are located in the ileum in the wall opposite where the mesentery attaches. The M-cells that cover these patches pick up antigen and present it to lymphocytes in the Peyer's patches.

true

Stem cells that provide for the replacement of the cells in the fundic glands of the stomach are located in the neck region of these glands.

true

The Respiratory Bronchioles have alveoli alternating with ciliated cuboidal epithelium

true

The acini of the pancreas are composed only of serous cells.

true

The centroacinar cell is the cell that forms the terminal end of the intercalated ducts in the pancreas.

true

The core of the villus is the lamina propria and villus base is the muscularis mucosa.

true

The liver acinus helps in understanding that hepatocytes located at the outer margins of a liver lobule receive the highest concentration of oxygen.

true

The network of reticular fibers that forms a significant part of the stroma of the liver is located in the space of Disse.

true

The periodontal ligament is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

true

The urinary filtrate formed in the glomerulus flows from the proximal convoluted tubule into the loop of Henle.

true

afferent and efferent arteriole are located at the opposite pole of Bowman's capsule, the vascular pole.

true

alveolar sacs are groups of alveoli opening to a common atrium

true

Which of the following is NOT a cell located in the respiratory epithelium?

type 1 pneumocyte IS LOCATED: -ciliated cell -goblet cell -brush cell -neuroendocrine cell

Which of these cells covers the largest area of a surface such as an alveolar septal air surface?

type I pneumocyte

The secretory product of which of the listed cells reduces the surface tension in alveoli?

type II pneumocyte