Module 4 Test (Quizzes Q's not module test)

The trachea extends from the larynx to the ________ vertebrae.

6th thoracic

The respiratory system terminates at the ________.

Alveoli

This is a condition where an artery has become abnormally widened because of a localized weakness in the arterial wall.

An aneurysm

Unique molecules found on the outer surface of cell membranes are called ________.

Antigens

Abnormal heart rhythms are called ________.

Arrhythmias

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called ________.

Arteries

Another name for ʺhardening of the arteriesʺ is ________.

Arteriosclerosis

If you are exposed to hepatitis A and have not been vaccinated against it, you may receive antibodies from another person. This is an example of ________.

Artificial passive immunity

________ is distinguished by having reversible airway narrowing and airway hyperreactivity; and is most commonly characterized as an inflammatory process.

Asthma

What kind of cells produce antibodies?

B cells

The ________ cells release antibodies to destroy cells that carry non-self antigens.

B-lymphocytic

The body has both physical and chemical ________ to prevent invaders from entering.

Barriers

What is another name for the left atrioventricular valve?

Bicuspid valve

The spleen is a lymph organ that filters blood and also acts as a reservoir for ________.

Blood

What color will blood exhibit if it has a high oxygen content?

Bright red

The first respiratory structures without cartilage as a supporting tissue are ________.

Bronchioles

A person learns of having a problem with his respiratory system. Which of the following would be expected because of this problem?

Build-up of carbon dioxide in the body

________ is associated with a chronic productive cough, enlargement of mucous glands, and hypertrophy of the airway smooth muscle.

Chronic bronchitis

What name is given to the series of reactions responsible for activation of twenty normally inactive proteins?

Complement cascade

Due to the structure of the ________, a large amount of moisture is added to the respiratory system every day.

Conchae

There are two types of proliferation, one for ________ and one for B-cells.

Effector T-cells

________ is a destructive disease of the alveoli and the adjacent capillary walls resulting in chronic dyspnea, cough, and the characteristic barrel chest.

Emphysema

________ is characterized anatomically as the permanent, abnormal enlargement of distal airway spaces and destruction of the alveolar walls.

Emphysema

Pleural effusion with pus is a(n) ________.

Empyema

Pneumothorax ________ is pus in the pleural space.

Empyema

If a patient has been infected by parasites, which white blood cell would be elevated in the bloodstream?

Eosinophil

The kidneys attempt to increase hemoglobin levels in the body by the release of ________.

Erythropoietin

Which of the following is not a respiratory structure?

Esophagus

The process of gas exchange between air and blood is called ________.

External respiration

A person who breathes air containing fifty percent nitrogen will breathe easier.

False

All lymphocytes are part of adaptive immunity.

False

Anaerobic exercise helps increase the number of coronary artery anastomoses.

False

During the final stage of clotting the clot becomes water soluble.

False

Inspired objects usually lodge in the left lung.

False

Natural immunity is acquired during vaccination.

False

Respiratory mucosa is ciliated cuboidal epithelium with goblet cells.

False

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) targets CD-2 cells.

False

The major type of alveolar cell is Type II, or granular pneumocytes.

False

The portion of the sternum where CPR is performed is the xiphoid process.

False

The thoracic cavity and the upper side of the diaphragm are lined with the visceral pleura.

False

________ are essential for the reproduction of B cells and other types of cells.

Helper-T cells

When the diaphragm contracts, lung volume ________.

Increases

A person who has full-blown AIDS often dies as a result of ________.

Infectious diseases

The amount of air that can be forcibly taken in after normally inhaling is called ________.

Inspiratory reserve volume

A cytokine produced by cells in response to invasion by a virus is ________.

Interferon

________ is usually due to bone marrow cancer, and is a condition in which a higher than normal number of white blood cells are produced.

Leukemia

The activated lymphocytes must make thousands of copies of themselves in order to fight off the thousands of pathogens reproducing in the body. This reproduction of lymphocytes is called ________.

Lymphocyte proliferation

The two most important respiratory control centers are located in this part of the brain.

Medulla oblongata

Barriers include all of the following except ________.

Nails

If you have had the chicken pox once, you will not get chicken pox again. This is an example of ________.

Natural active immunity

The first leukocytes to arrive at the site of damage are the ________.

Neutrophils

The diaphragm is covered by a serous membrane called the ________.

Parietal pleura

The ________ nerve carries impulses to the diaphragm.

Phrenic

All of these muscles aid ventilation except ________.

Pleural

________ is a condition in which there is an excessive build-up of fluid in the pleural space between the parietal and visceral pleura.

Pleural effusion

A collection of air or gas in the thoracic cavity, as the result of a stab wound or gunshot wound to the chest describes a condition called ________.

Pneumothorax

________ is a condition in which there is air inside the thoracic cavity and outside of the lungs.

Pneumothorax

In addition to storage of white blood cells, the lymphatic system is also responsible for ________.

Production of some types of white blood cells

Once the threat of invasion is over, the ________ are responsible for "turning-off" the response.

Regulatory T-cells

If the body is exposed to the same pathogen in the future, memory cells allow the body to mount a much faster response to the invasion known as the ________ response.

Secondary

The role of hemoglobin in the red blood cell is to ________.

Selected Answer: Both A and B above

The group of pacemaker cells near the entrance of the superior vena cava forms the ________.

Sinoatrial node

The majority of cases of chronic bronchitis are caused by ________.

Smoking

In this stage of cancer, no spread from the origin is present.

Stage I

In this stage of cancer, spread to distant tissues and organs is present.

Stage IV

This stage of cancer is often terminal and is the most difficult to treat.

Stage IV

In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system attacks the ________.

Synovial membrane

Seven-year-old Rebecca has a cold. Which of the following occurs first?

The release of neutrophils to engulf any foreign objects

The ________ gland is larger in children because they are exposed to many new infections.

Thymus

Which structure will sometimes disappear in adults?

Thymus

Which of the following is not a subdivision of the pharynx?

Tracheopharynx

A hypersensitivity reaction is also called an allergy.

True

An increase in cell number is called proliferation.

True

Atelectasis is the situation in which the air sacs collapse.

True

Autoimmune disorders are the opposite of immunodeficiency disorders.

True

Decreased blood flow to tissues is called ischemia.

True

Goblet cells create about three ounces of mucous per day, which is removed by the cilia.

True

Macrophages ingest invaders.

True

Memory B cells remember pathogens.

True

Plasma is a yellowish fluid.

True

The distribution of nutrients into the blood stream is aided by the lymphatic system.

True

The dome-shaped muscle that acts to ventilate is the diaphragm.

True

The oropharynx is behind the mouth.

True

The thoracic cage consists of twelve pairs of elastic arches of bone called ribs.

True

The ventricles are contracted during the QRS interval of the EKG.

True

What is the cytokine which is produced to stimulate macrophages and cause death of cancer cells?

Tumor necrosis factor

Which cranial nerve releases a neurotransmitter that can decrease the pulse and force of contraction?

Vagus

What region contains the coarse nasal hairs?

Vestibular

Signs and symptoms of allergies can include all of the following except ________.

Weight loss