Module 9

Contemporary Issues in Higher Education

Despite the cost of college today, it is more necessary than ever before to complete a college degree.

Feminist Theory of Education

It was not until the establishment of Title IX of the Education Amendments in 1972 that discriminating on the basis of sex in U.S. education programs became illegal.

Islam

One of the most misunderstood concepts of Islam is that of jihad, which many people interpret as a holy war, but actually has two definitions - a struggle or fight against the enemies of Islam and the spiritual struggle within oneself against sin.

Confucianism

Some religious scholars consider Confucianism more of a social system than a religion because it focuses on sharing wisdom about moral practices but doesn't involve any type of specific worship.

Functionalist View of Religion

Structural Functionalist theory suggests that religious rituals bring order, comfort, and organization through shared familiar representations and patterns of behavior.

Functions of Schooling: Structural-Functional Theory (1 of 5)

Structural functional theorists suggest that manifest (or primary) functions, are the intended and visible functions of education. and latent (or secondary) functions, which are the hidden and unintended functions.

Taoism

Taoist beliefs emphasize the virtues of compassion and moderation.

Education-

The Industrial Revolution and its accompanying social changes made education more accessible to the general population. Many families in the emerging middle class found new opportunities for formal schooling.

Contemporary Issues in Education

Brown v. Board of Education was a court case decided by the US Supreme Court in 1954 unanimously strikes down segregation in public schools, sparking the Civil Rights movement.

Problems in School: Academic Standards (1 of 2)

Academic lessons become the focus of education as a child moves through the school system. However, education is about much more than the simple learning of facts.

Functions of Schooling: Social-Conflict Theory (1 of 2)

Conflict theorists believe that the public education system reinforces and perpetuates social inequalities.

Symbolic-Interactionist Views of Education

Credentialism is the emphasis on certificates or degrees that symbolize what a person has achieved, and allows the labeling of that individual.

Liberation Theology

Liberation theologians discuss theology from the point of view of the poor and the oppressed and interpret the scriptures as a call to action against poverty and injustice.

One Method of Classifying Religions

Monotheism Single god

Functions of Religion: Structural-Functional Theory

Religion has 3 major functions (Durkheim) Establishing social cohesion Promoting social control Providing meaning and purpose

Conflict Theory on Religion

Religion is an institution that helps maintain patterns of social inequality that keep poor people poor and dis empowered.

Religion

Religion plays a major role in the process of socialization.

Inequality and Religion: Social-Conflict Theory

Social conflict suggests wars often result from religious disputes. To understand a culture, sociologists must study its religion.

Secularization

Some people suggest secularization is a root cause of many social problems, such as dicorce, drug use, and educational downturn.