Module Exam 31-32
Which of the following joints allows no motion? Select one: A. Skull sutures B. Sacroiliac joint C. Sternoclavicular joint D. Shoulder joint
A
A 22-year-old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should: Select one: A. assess for a carotid pulse and assist her ventilations. B. stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment. C. apply manual stabilization to both of her femurs. D. administer oxygen and perform a rapid assessment.
B
Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. nausea. B. hot, dry skin. C. tachycardia. D. headache.
B
You receive a call to a residence for a sick patient. Upon your arrival, you find the patient, a 53-year-old diabetic male, lying down on his front porch. His wife tells you that he had been mowing the lawn in the heat for the past 3 hours. The patient is confused and has hot, moist skin. His pulse is weak and thready, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. You should: Select one: A. administer one tube of oral glucose and reassess his mental status. B. place him in a sitting position and have him drink 1 L of water. C. perform a head-to-toe assessment and look for signs of trauma. D. load him into the ambulance and begin rapid cooling interventions.
D
A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the: Select one: A. proximal femur. B. pubic symphysis. C. femoral shaft. D. pelvic girdle.
A
A 17-year-old female dislocated her patella while playing soccer. Her knee is flexed and she complains of severe pain. You should: Select one: A. keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints. B. flex her knee slightly more and assess for distal circulation. C. gently straighten her knee and apply a padded board splint. D. make one attempt to return the patella to its normal position
A
A 31-year-old male was bitten on the leg by an unidentified snake. The patient is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. Your assessment of his leg reveals two small puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling. In addition to administering oxygen and providing reassurance, further care for this patient should include: Select one: A. supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting. B. elevating the lower extremities and giving antivenin. C. transporting only with close, continuous monitoring. D. applying ice to the wound and transporting quickly.
A
A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for: Select one: A. posterior hip dislocation. B. anterior hip dislocation. C. fracture of the tibia or fibula. D. a thoracic spine fracture.
A
A Colles fracture involves a fracture of the: Select one: A. distal radius. B. radius and ulna. C. proximal radius. D. distal ulna.
A
A fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with diseases such as cancer and osteoporosis is called a __________ fracture. Select one: A. pathologic B. transverse C. comminuted D. greenstick
A
A fracture is MOST accurately defined as a(n): Select one: A. break in the continuity of the bone. B. abnormality in the structure of a bone. C. total loss of function in a bone. D. disruption in the midshaft of a bone.
A
A(n) __________ fracture occurs in the growth section of a child's bone and may lead to bone growth abnormalities. Select one: A. epiphyseal B. metaphyseal C. greenstick D. diaphyseal
A
Burns associated with lightning strikes are typically: Select one: A. superficial. B. third-degree. C. full-thickness. D. partial-thickness.
A
Deformity caused by a fracture would MOST likely be masked by: Select one: A. swelling. B. guarding. C. crepitus. D. ecchymosis.
A
During your assessment of a 29-year-old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes. You should: Select one: A. apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse. B. splint the elbow in the position of deformity and transport immediately. C. make two or three attempts to restore distal circulation by manipulating the elbow. D. carefully straighten the injured arm and secure it with padded board splints. Feedback
A
Femoral shaft fractures can result in up to _____ mL of internal blood loss. Select one: A. 1,000 B. 2,000 C. 1,500 D. 4,000
A
Hypothermia can worsen internal bleeding secondary to: Select one: A. blood-clotting abnormalities. B. severe muscular rigidity. C. a decreased heart rate. D. cardiac arrhythmias.
A
The body's natural protective mechanisms against heat loss are: Select one: A. vasoconstriction and shivering. B. shivering and vasodilation. C. vasodilation and respiration. D. respiration and vasoconstriction.
A
Which of the following MOST accurately describes hyperthermia? Select one: A. The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose. B. The core body temperature exceeds 99.5°F (37°C). C. Heat evaporates a significant amount of body water. D. The body eliminates more heat than it can generate.
A
Which of the following is an early sign of pit viper envenomation? Select one: A. Local swelling and ecchymosis B. General weakness and diaphoresis C. Syncope and bleeding at distal sites D. Signs and symptoms of hypoperfusion
A
Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would MOST likely result in deformity? Select one: A. Displaced fracture B. Moderate sprain C. Hairline fracture D. Severe strain
A
Which of the following statements regarding striated muscle is correct? Select one: A. It forms the major muscle mass of the body and usually crosses at least one joint. B. Most of the body's striated muscle is found within the walls of the blood vessels. C. Striated muscle is involuntary because you have no conscious control over it. D. Striated muscle tissue is attached directly to the bones by tough bands of cartilage.
A
You respond to a local lake where a diver complains of difficulty breathing that occurred immediately after rapidly ascending from a depth of approximately 30 feet. On assessment, you note that he has cyanosis around his lips and has pink froth coming from his nose and mouth. You should: Select one: A. suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, monitor the patient's breath sounds for a pneumothorax, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility. B. suction his mouth and nose, keep him supine and elevate his legs to prevent air bubbles from entering his brain, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport to a hyperbaric chamber. C. position him supine with his head elevated 30°, suction his mouth and nose, hyperventilate him with a bag-valve mask, and contact medical control for further guidance. D. place him in a semi-sitting position, suction his mouth and nose, apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, and transport to the closest emergency department.
A
A 77-year-old woman slipped and fell on a throw rug and landed on her left hip. She denies striking her head or losing consciousness. Assessment of her left leg reveals that it is shortened and externally rotated. Distal pulses, sensory, and motor functions are intact. You should: Select one: A. manually stabilize her left leg, apply a traction splint, and then secure her to a long backboard or scoop. B. place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps. C. bind both of her legs together with triangular bandages and carefully secure her onto the ambulance stretcher. D. carefully slide a long backboard underneath her, keep her in a supine position, and apply a splint to her leg.
B
Crepitus and false motion are: Select one: A. only seen with open fractures. B. positive indicators of a fracture. C. indicators of a severe sprain. D. most common with dislocations.
B
Drowning is MOST accurately defined as: Select one: A. temporary survival after submersion in water. B. death from suffocation after submersion in water. C. death beyond 24 hours after submersion in water. D. water in the lungs following submersion in water.
B
During your secondary assessment of a 30-year-old male who fell 25 feet, you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. Your partner advises you that the patient's blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. After completing your assessment, you should: Select one: A. defer spinal immobilization and transport to a trauma center. B. stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine. C. perform a focused physical exam with emphasis on the pelvis. D. log roll the patient onto a long backboard and transport at once.
B
Heat loss from the body through respiration occurs when: Select one: A. the core body temperature is greater than 98°F (37°C). B. warm air is exhaled into the atmosphere. C. cool air is inhaled and displaces warm air. D. air temperature is greater than body temperature.
B
Heat stroke occurs when: Select one: A. the ambient temperature exceeds 90°F (32°C) and the humidity is high. B. the body's heat-eliminating mechanisms are overwhelmed. C. a person's core body temperature rises above 103°F (39°C). D. a person becomes dehydrated secondary to excess water loss.
B
High humidity reduces the body's ability to lose heat through: Select one: A. radiation. B. evaporation. C. convection. D. conduction.
B
Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below: Select one: A. 90°F (32°C). B. 95°F (35°C). C. 98°F (37°C). D. 88°F (31°C).
B
In contrast to Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever: Select one: A. presents with flu-like symptoms and a bull's-eye rash. B. can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse. C. may be confused with rheumatoid arthritis. D. causes painful joint swelling after a few days or weeks.
B
In contrast to the brown recluse spider, the black widow spider: Select one: A. has a bite that is typically painless until a blister develops. B. is large and has a red-orange hourglass mark on its abdomen C. is very small and has a violin-shaped marking on its back. D. has a bite that usually produces local pain but no systemic signs or symptoms.
B
In moving joints, the ends of the bones are covered with: Select one: A. synovial tendons. B. articular cartilage. C. gliding cartilage. D. muscular fascia.
B
The act of pulling on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment is called: Select one: A. reduction. B. traction. C. immobilization. D. stabilization.
B
The musculoskeletal system refers to the: Select one: A. nervous system's control over the muscles. B. bones and voluntary muscles of the body. C. connective tissue that supports the skeleton. D. involuntary muscles of the nervous system.
B
The two MOST efficient ways for the body to eliminate excess heat are: Select one: A. perspiration and tachycardia. B. sweating and vasodilation. C. respiration and bradycardia. D. hyperventilation and tachycardia.
B
To obtain the MOST accurate reading of a patient's core body temperature, you should place a special hypothermia thermometer: Select one: A. under the patient's armpit. B. into the patient's rectum. C. under the patient's tongue. D. behind the patient's knee
B
When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70°F (21°C), heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called: Select one: A. convection. B. conduction. C. evaporation. D. radiation.
B
When caring for a patient with a possible fracture of the scapula, the EMT should: Select one: A. assume that minimal force was applied to the back. B. carefully assess the patient for breathing problems. C. apply rigid board splints across the chest and back. D. recognize that scapular fractures are life threatening.
B
Which of the following would be the LEAST likely to occur in a patient with a core body temperature of between 89°F (32°C) and 92°F (33°C)? Select one: A. Confusion B. Tachycardia C. Stiff muscles D. Bradypnea
B
You are transporting a 28-year-old man with a frostbitten foot. The patient's vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries or symptoms. The weather is treacherous and your transport time to the hospital is approximately 45 minutes. During transport, you should: Select one: A. administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. B. protect the affected part from further injury. C. cover his foot with chemical heat compresses. D. rewarm his foot in 102°F to 104°F (38.9°C to 40°C) water. Feedback
B
A 54-year-old male accidentally shot himself in the leg while cleaning his gun. Your assessment reveals a small entrance wound to the medial aspect of his right leg. The exit wound is on the opposite side of the leg and is actively bleeding. The patient complains of numbness and tingling in his right foot. You should: Select one: A. manually stabilize the leg above and below the site of injury. B. gently manipulate the injured leg until the numbness dissipates. C. control the bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing. D. assess distal pulses as well as sensory and motor functions.
C
All of the following terms refer to a body part that is cold but not frozen, EXCEPT: Select one: A. frostnip. B. trench foot. C. frostbite. D. immersion foot.
C
An air embolism associated with diving occurs when: Select one: A. high water pressure forces air into the mediastinum. B. the diver hyperventilates prior to entering the water. C. the diver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent. D. the alveoli completely collapse due to high pressure.
C
An open fracture is MOST accurately defined as a fracture in which: Select one: A. bone ends protrude through the skin. B. a bullet shatters the underlying bone. C. the overlying skin is no longer intact. D. a large laceration overlies the fracture.
C
Bone marrow produces: Select one: A. electrolytes. B. cartilage. C. blood cells. D. lymphocytes.
C
Compared to adults, infants and children are at higher risk for hypothermia for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT: Select one: A. a smaller amount of body fat. B. a decreased ability to shiver. C. a relatively small surface area. D. a smaller overall muscle mass.
C
Covering a patient's _________ will significantly minimize radiation heat loss. Select one: A. abdomen B. extremities C. head D. chest
C
In order for sweating to be an effective cooling mechanism: Select one: A. several layers of clothing must be worn. B. the body must produce at least 1 L per hour. C. it must be able to evaporate from the body. D. the relative humidity must be above 90%.
C
Patients with generalized hypothermia are at an increased risk of a local cold injury because: Select one: A. peripheral vasodilation brings warm blood to the skin's surface. B. the patient is usually unable to escape the cold ambient temperature. C. blood is shunted away from the extremities to the body's core. D. the major muscles of the body become rigid during hypothermia.
C
The EMT must assume that any unwitnessed water-related incident is accompanied by: Select one: A. cold-water immersion. B. an air embolism. C. possible spinal injury. D. alcohol intoxication.
C
The MOST common and significant complication associated with fractures or dislocations of the knee is: Select one: A. total depletion of synovial fluid. B. ligament and cartilage damage. C. neurovascular compromise. D. internal bleeding and shock.
C
The MOST prominent symptom of decompression sickness is: Select one: A. difficulty with vision. B. tightness in the chest. C. abdominal or joint pain. D. dizziness and nausea.
C
The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the: Select one: A. cardiovascular system. B. respiratory system. C. nervous system. D. renal system.
C
When splinting an injury of the wrist, the hand should be placed: Select one: A. into a fist. B. in an extended position. C. in a functional position. D. in a straight position.
C
Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to increase a person's risk of hypothermia? Select one: A. Severe infection B. Head injury C. Hyperglycemia D. Spinal cord injury
C
Which of the following medications increases a person's risk of a heat-related emergency? Select one: A. Tylenol B. Motrin C. Diuretics D. Aspirin
C
You and your partner are preparing to apply a traction splint to a patient's deformed thigh. As you apply manual traction, the patient resists your efforts and states that the pain is getting worse. You should: Select one: A. flex the knee and place a pillow under the thigh. B. assess distal pulses and continue pulling traction. C. stop and splint the leg in the deformed position. D. gently massage the thigh muscles to relax them.
C
You are assessing a man with suspected hypothermia. The patient is conscious and alert, and is actively shivering. His respiratory rate is increased, but his breathing is unlabored, and the pulse oximeter reads 72%. The pulse oximetry reading is MOST likely: Select one: A. a direct reflection of his increased respiratory rate. B. accurate because shivering affects hemoglobin binding. C. secondary to decreased perfusion in the extremities. D. accurate because he has signs of respiratory failure.
C
You receive a call to a local gymnasium for a basketball player with a dislocated shoulder. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 17-year-old male, sitting on the ground. He is holding his left arm in a fixed position away from his body. There is an obvious anterior bulge to the area of injury. You should: Select one: A. flex his arm at the elbow and then apply a sling. B. place a pillow under his arm and apply a swathe. C. assess distal pulse, motor, and sensory functions. D. gently attempt to move his arm toward his body.
C
A 30-year-old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30°F (-1°C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unresponsive, pale, and apneic. You should: Select one: A. apply chemical heat packs to his groin and axillae. B. apply an AED and assess his cardiac rhythm. C. open his airway and give two rescue breaths. D. assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds.
D
A person's ability to shiver is lost when his or her body temperature falls below: Select one: A. 94°F (34°C). B. 92°F (33°C). C. 95°F (35°C). D. 90°F (32°C).
D
A supracondylar or intercondylar fracture is also known as a fracture of the: Select one: A. proximal radius. B. olecranon process. C. radial head. D. distal humerus.
D
Bones are connected to other bones by bands of tough fibrous tissues called: Select one: A. cartilage. B. bursa. C. tendons. D. ligaments.
D
Common signs and symptoms of a sprain include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. ecchymosis. B. swelling. C. point tenderness. D. deformity.
D
High air temperature reduces the body's ability to lose heat by: Select one: A. evaporation. B. conduction. C. convection. D. radiation.
D
In general, musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before moving the patient unless: Select one: A. deformity and swelling are present. B. transport time is less than 15 minutes. C. the patient is in severe pain. D. the patient is clinically unstable.
D
In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity? Select one: A. If a traction splint will be used to immobilize the injured extremity B. When distal circulation and neurological functions are absent C. If transport time to the hospital is greater than 20 to 30 minutes D. If resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain
D
Most of the serious injuries associated with scuba diving are caused by: Select one: A. alcohol consumption. B. cold water temperature. C. too rapid of a descent. D. too rapid of an ascent.
D
Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike, fibrous structures called: Select one: A. ligaments. B. fascia. C. cartilage. D. tendons.
D
The MOST commonly fractured bone(s) in the body is/are the: Select one: A. radius and ulna. B. midshaft femur. C. scapula. D. clavicle
D
The MOST significant hazard associated with splinting is: Select one: A. aggravation of the injury or worsened pain. B. compression of nerves, tissues, and vasculature. C. reduction in circulation distal to the injury site. D. delaying transport of a critically injured patient.
D
The body's natural cooling mechanism, in which sweat is converted to a gas, is called: Select one: A. conduction. B. radiation. C. convection. D. evaporation.
D
When the body loses sweat, it also loses: Select one: A. plasma. B. erythrocytes. C. nutrients. D. electrolytes.
D
Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patient's life? Select one: A. Nondisplaced long bone fractures B. An amputated extremity C. Bilateral femur fractures D. Pelvic fracture with hypotension
D
Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct? Select one: A. Most cases of compartment syndrome occur following a severe fracture of the pelvis. B. In most cases, compartment syndrome develops within a few minutes after an injury. C. Compartment syndrome occurs because of increased pressure within the bone cavity. D. Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury.
D
Which of the following types of muscle is under direct voluntary control of the brain? Select one: A. Cardiac B. Smooth C. Autonomic D. Skeletal
D
With regard to musculoskeletal injuries, the zone of injury is defined as the: Select one: A. exact part of the bone or joint that was disrupted. B. part of the body that sustained secondary injury. C. area of obvious deformity over the site of impact. D. area of soft-tissue damage surrounding the injury.
D
You and your partner respond to a park where several people were reportedly struck by lightning. When you arrive, you find three patients. The first patient is lying supine on the ground; he is unresponsive and does not appear to be breathing. The second patient is ambulatory, appears confused, and is holding his arm against his chest. The third patient is sitting on the ground holding the sides of his head. After calling for backup, you should: Select one: A. recognize that the patients who are conscious are at high risk for developing cardiac arrest and quickly assess them for potentially life-threatening injuries. B. immediately begin CPR on the unresponsive patient, but cease resuscitation efforts if there is no response after 5 minutes of treatment. C. focus your initial treatment efforts on the patients who are conscious because the unresponsive patient is likely in irreversible cardiac arrest. D. assess the unresponsive patient's pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless and attach the AED as soon as possible.
D
