Module Quizzes [1, 2, Appendix C, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 29, 30, 31, 32]

At the beginning of a research study, Allen is given information that explains what he will be asked to do during the experiment. Obtaining his approval in this step of the study is called:

informed consent.

According to Erik Erikson, one positive outcome of the struggle for identity is a comfortable sense of who one is and a developing capacity for:

intimacy with others.

Researchers today may ask their research participants to describe elements of their experiences (for example, sensations, images, feelings) while undergoing brain scans. This modern technique shares some qualities with the methodology of:

introspection

Research suggests that after 18-year-old Kevitt has looked at online images of sexually attractive women, he will be:

less likely to perceive his girlfriend as attractive.

A researcher who administers a personality test to the same children every three years is conducting a(n) _____________ study.

longitudinal

Studies in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period of time are called:

longitudinal studies.

Recognizing today's gradually emerging adulthood and longer period of time before independence, the U.S. government has allowed emerging adults:

to remain on their parents' health insurance until age 26.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main methods of moral disengagement as described by Bandura?

bystander effect

Men report that their most intimate and nurturing friendships tend to be:

with women.

Professor Jamison is a scientist who maintains an awareness of her own vulnerability to error and openness to surprises and new perspectives. She is exemplifying which scientific attitude?

humility

Studies examining certain traits are helping to clarify our understanding of the effects of nature and nurture. For example, because ______________ have the same genes, researchers often use them in studies that examine the relative influence of environment and heredity on these traits.

identical twins

Sixteen-year-old Jake is trying out different clothes and hairstyles. His father is confused and sometimes shocked by his combinations of shirts and pants, earrings, chains, and hair colors. His mother, on the other hand, just laughs. Jake is in the stage of development called:

identity versus role confusion.

Adolescents are taking more time to finish their education and establish careers. The average age for a first marriage in the United States has increased more than five years since 1960, to:

29 for men and 27 for women.

From age ______, the most rapid brain growth is in the frontal lobes.

3 to 6

Infantile amnesia disappears by age:

4

Beginning at around ___ months, many children greet strangers by crying and reaching for their familiar caregivers.

8

____________ is a girl's first menstrual cycle and is a marker in sexual development.

Menarche

William James:

A. disagreed that consciousness could be broken down into separate elements. B. argued that consciousness was like a flowing stream, serving to adapt people to their environments. C. studied mental function. D. All of these choices are correct.

Studies show gender differences in the:

A. hippocampus. B. amygdala. C. volume of gray matter versus white matter in the brain. d is the correct answer D. All of these choices are correct.

_____ is when a person is displaying both traditional masculine and feminine psychological characteristics.

Androgyny

Psychology is defined as:

B. the scientific study of mind and behavior.

Piaget believed that each child:

actively tries to make sense of his or her environment.

Which of the following statements is true?

Children are actively engaged in making sense of the world.

Which of the following is passed much more often from males to females than from females to males?

HIV infections

_____ parents are uninvolved.

Negligent

Which of the following individuals is in the late adulthood stage of development?

Juanita, who is 70 years old

MODULE 1 - QUIZ - THE HISTORY AND SCOPE OF PSYCHOLOGY

MODULE 1 - QUIZ - THE HISTORY AND SCOPE OF PSYCHOLOGY

MODULE 1 - VIDEO: THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY

MODULE 1 - VIDEO: THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY

MODULE 10 - QUIZ - DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES, PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT, AND THE

MODULE 10 - QUIZ - DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES, PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT, AND THE

MODULE 11 - QUIZ - INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD

MODULE 11 - QUIZ - INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD

MODULE 11 - VIDEO ACTIVITY: COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

MODULE 11 - VIDEO ACTIVITY: COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

MODULE 12 - QUIZ - ADOLESCENCE

MODULE 12 - QUIZ - ADOLESCENCE

MODULE 12 - VIDEO ACTIVITY: MORAL DISENGAGEMENT

MODULE 12 - VIDEO ACTIVITY: MORAL DISENGAGEMENT

MODULE 13 - QUIZ - ADULTHOOD

MODULE 13 - QUIZ - ADULTHOOD

MODULE 14 - QUIZ - GENDER DEVELOPMENT

MODULE 14 - QUIZ - GENDER DEVELOPMENT

MODULE 14 - VIDEO ACTIVITY: GENDER DEVELOPMENT

MODULE 14 - VIDEO ACTIVITY: GENDER DEVELOPMENT

MODULE 15 - QUIZ - HUMAN SEXUALITY

MODULE 15 - QUIZ - HUMAN SEXUALITY

MODULE 2 - QUIZ - RESEARCH STRATEGIES

MODULE 2 - QUIZ - RESEARCH STRATEGIES

Yun Hee is concerned about her daughter, who will be a year-old next week. The baby is not walking yet, and Yun Hee's family is starting to comment on it. Should she be worried?

No, she should not worry. Only 50 percent of all babies in the United States are walking within a week after their first birthday.

Which of the following statements BEST represents contemporary thinking on the nature-nurture issue?

The relationship between genetics and environment is interactive; each influences the other.

Albert Bandura quoted the following: "Those who can get you to believe absurdities, can get you to commit atrocities." Who originally stated this?

Voltaire

In a research study conducted by Dr. Hanson, the participants' first task is to press any button if they see a red light blink. For the second task, they press the rightmost button if they see a red light blink and the leftmost button if they see a green light blink. Dr. Hanson is studying the difference in the average lag times of these two tasks. This experiment is similar to experiments conducted by which of the following early psychologists?

Wilhelm Wundt

Brenda is a genetically normal baby girl, which means that she received a(n):

X chromosome from both her father and mother.

In follow-up studies with children who demonstrated delayed gratification during preschool years, researchers found all of the following EXCEPT:

a higher tendency to be impulsive and have addiction issues.

Condoms have been ________ in preventing transmission of HIV.

about 80 percent effective

By age 14, boys:

are usually taller than girls.

Zack was at the park with his father and excitedly pointed to a squirrel and exclaimed, "Kitty, kitty." His father pointed out that this was a squirrel, not a kitty. Zack's labeling of the animal best illustrates the process of:

assimilation.

Infancy's major social achievement is:

attachment

Which of the following is NOT an attitude needed for scientific thinking?

authority

Which psychological perspective defines psychology as "the scientific study of observable behavior"?

behaviorism

The influence of the current environment on one's growth potential is emphasized by:

humanistic psychology.

Which perspective would be most relevant to understanding the role of spaced practice on long-term memory of information?

cognitive

Cognitive neuroscientists link brain activity and:

cognitive processes.

Compared to women, men are more likely to:

commit suicide.

Schemas are

concepts or mental molds into which we pour our experiences.

According to Piaget, at which stage do children become capable of true logical thought?

concrete operational

Which of the following is NOT identified as a mechanism of moral disengagement related to sense of responsibility?

confirmation bias

Wayne is the director of research at a major pharmaceutical company. He recently presented the findings of a failed bipolar disorder drug research trial. Statistical analysis showed that all participants took the medication as prescribed, that the drug levels were within range, and that all study procedures were followed. Despite all of this, the experimental medication tested was no more effective than the control condition. Upon further investigation, however, it was determined that a number of the participants in the control group were also receiving supportive psychotherapy. Wayne concluded that this __________ may explain the failure of the research trial on the experimental drug.

confounding variable

Researchers who emphasize experience and learning see development in terms of its _____.

continuity

People who engage in _____ do not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Instead, they analyze assumptions, look into hidden values, and try to determine if conclusions are warranted.

critical thinking

Improved judgment, impulse control, and the ability to plan for the future develops during the late teens and early twenties, largely as a result of:

development of the frontal lobe of the brain.

Your cousin lost her pregnancy during her eighth week. During what stage of prenatal development did she have the miscarriage?

embryo

Chris is 20 years old and still very much dependent on his parents. They are paying for his college tuition as well as his living expenses, and he spends school holidays at home with them. He is in the phase of life known as:

emerging adulthood.

Researchers now believe that developing a fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors. This finding would be most relevant to the _____________ perspective.

evolutionary

The correct order of the stages of the sexual response cycle is:

excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

Compared to men, women ___________ risk for eating disorders.

have a 10 times greater

Compared to younger people, older people are more likely to:

have positive feelings, with negative ones subsiding.

This tendency is also known as the "I-knew-it-all-along" phenomenon.

hindsight bias

Janet begins seeing a therapist to cope with a number of stressful life events. Her therapist does not focus on her childhood or on any learned behaviors, but instead emphasizes the importance of her need for love and acceptance. Which is most likely the school of thought that the therapist follows?

humanistic psychology

James enjoys hunting, fishing, playing football, and wrestling more than the other boys. He is exhibiting _____________ traits.

masculine

The first menstrual period is known as:

menarche

The cessation of menstrual periods is most closely associated with:

menopause

Lee is a 40-year-old banker. Which stage of development is he in?

middle adulthood

In adolescence the growth of _____, the fatty tissue that forms around axons and speeds neurotransmission, enables better communication with other brain regions.

myelin

The empirical approach relies on:

observation and experimentation.

Humans share an irresistible urge to:

organize our world into simple categories.

Which of the following is NOT a factor in people's acceptance of misinformation as fact?

outgroup identity

At the beginning of the school year, college students were asked to predict a variety of their own social behaviors, such as calling their parents or voting in an election. The students reported being 84 percent assured in their self-predictions. However, they correctly predicted their own behavior only 71 percent of the time. This human tendency is known as:

overconfidence

In an experiment, it is important that independent and dependent variables are given _____, which specify procedures for manipulating the independent variable and measuring the dependent variable.

precise operational definitions

In order, the three distinct levels of moral reasoning that Kohlberg proposed are:

preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.

The ethics codes of the APA require researchers to do all of the following EXCEPT:

provide an educational experience for the participant.

Seventy-six-year-old Charles has an optimistic outlook on life, plays golf several times a week, and teaches English to non-English speaking people. Charles's example demonstrates the role that _____ factors play in helping older people live longer and flourish.

psychological

Katie acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Katie is experiencing:

role confusion.

When a baby's cheek is touched, she will turn toward the touch, then open her mouth in search of a nipple. This is known as the _________ reflex.

rooting

By giving children new words and mentoring them, parents, teachers, and other children provide what we now call a temporary _____ from which children can step to higher levels of thinking.

scaffold

If hindsight bias and overconfidence often lead us to overestimate our intuition, what can help sift reality from illusions?

scientific inquiry

The laboratory setting is designed to be a(n) _______________ version of the real world.

simplified

Carla is 32 years old and unmarried, and she is worried that she will not be married early enough to have children. Carla is feeling pressure from her culture's established:

social clock.

Tarik actively studies for his psychology exam for several days in advance. Although this requires that he carefully manage his time, his grades have improved since starting this practice. Tarik is using _____ as a method of studying.

spaced practice

Which of the following promotes better retention of material studied than massed practice?

spaced practice

Both religious engagement and participation in service learning programs are predictors of:

teen sexual restraint.

In a classic experiment with preschoolers, Walter Mischel gave children a choice to eat one marshmallow now or two marshmallows when he returned a few minutes later. Mischel was testing _____ in the children.

the capacity to delay gratification

An evidence-based method that draws on observation and experimentation is known as:

the empirical approach.

Which of the following is a major contribution to the stage theory of development?

the idea that people of one age think and act differently when they arrive at a later age

Which of the following refers to what began as a zygote's outer cells and screens out many harmful substances that might be dangerous to the developing embryo and fetus?

the placenta

The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement is known as:

the social clock.

Gender refers to:

the social construction of what it means to be male or female

Edward Titchener was concerned primarily with the discovery of:

the structure of mind.

Monica improves her studying method. After reading each section of her textbook, she assesses her memory of the reading by taking the practice quiz for that section. When she is finished studying for the exam, she takes a practice exam and finds that her grades have improved a letter grade since the beginning of the semester. Monica's grade improvement is an example of:

the testing effect.

Research on gender and aggression indicates that:

throughout the world, men are more likely than women to commit violent crimes.