Modules 16-24

Information provided in the textbook suggests that we recognize familiar human faces in about ______ milliseconds.

150

Denise wears an extremely bright safety yellow sweatshirt when she cycles to the gym after dark. The sweatshirt's brightness reflects the _____ of the light it reflects.

high amplitude

Snakes can detect infrared waves radiated by the bodies of their prey. As compared with humans, snakes can see _____ waves.

higher-wavelength

Phyllis is doing a handstand in her yoga class. When she looks at the clock she can still tell that the time is 10 o'clock. This is thanks to:

perceptual constancy

"Believing is seeing." This reversal of a familiar saying BEST reflects the influence of _____ on sensation and perception.

perceptual set

Punishment _____ the rate of operant responding, and negative reinforcement _____ the rate of operant responding.

-decreases -increases

The color afterimage effect can be explained by the color-opponent system, in that _____ cells are inhibited by _____ cells.

-green -red

Hammer, anvil, and stirrup are to hair cells as _____ is to _____.

-middle ear -inner ear

Carlos was just touched on his cheek, which is a(n) _____. In order for Carlos to know if he was kissed or slapped, Carlos needs a(n) _____.

-sensation -perception

___ occurs when the eardrum is punctured or if the tiny bones in the middle ear lose their ability to vibrate.

Conduction hearing loss

Rules for organizing stimuli into coherent groups were first identified by _____ psychologists.

Gestalt

One sense influencing the perception of another is known as sensory _____.

Interaction

_____ is the sensory system for detecting the position and movement of individual body parts.

Kinesthesia

_____ is the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response.

Spontaneous recovery

Which statement about the skin is true?

The skin is receptive to a mix of four basic and distinct skin senses.

To what extent can the temporal and place theories explain the perception of high- and low-pitched sounds?

The temporal theory cannot explain the perception of high-pitched sounds.

Which statement BEST explains why psychics are sometimes able to make accurate predictions?

They make lots of guesses.

_____ refers to the distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next.

Wavelength

The principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage, rather than a constant amount, is called _____ law.

Weber's

Through direct experience with animals, people come to anticipate that dogs will bark and that birds will chirp. This BEST illustrates:

associative learning.

Tinnitus is a(n) _____ phantom limb sensation.

auditory

The receptor cells for hearing are located in the:

cochlea

If the onset of a light reliably signals the onset of food, a rat in a Skinner box will work to turn on the light. In this case, the light is a _____ reinforcer.

conditioned

Ricardo has been suffering from a lengthy battle with the flu. His ears are painfully plugged with fluid. One morning his right ear pops from all of the pressure and fluid comes out. He screams in pain because the eardrum has punctured. This will result in:

conduction hearing loss.

James is threading a needle under a bright light bulb. During this task, James' vision is driven mainly by the _____ in his _____.

cones; fovea

Kittens, monkeys, and humans who experience sensory deprivation early in life end up with permanent damage to their visual functioning. This finding suggests that there is a _____ for normal sensory and perceptual development.

critical period

Which choice links a visual function with the correct pair of eye structures?

focusing light—cornea and lens

Shaping is a method used by Skinner to:

guide an organism to exhibit a complex behavior using successive approximations.

John just started his vacation from work and scheduled a tee time with friends to play golf Monday morning. On Monday morning, he started driving his car to work instead of the golf course. Driving his car to work instead of the golf course is an example of:

habitual behavior.

Bees can see ultraviolet light, but cannot see the color red. This means that bees cannot see:

long wavelengths

Randy is playing the piano. His left hand plays notes that are _____ in _____ than does his right hand.

lower; frequency

There are _____ of receptors for smell.

millions

Daniel's daughter repeatedly hit her playmates during their game of tag. Daniel denied her dessert as a consequence. This is an example of _____ punishment.

negative

Monte was born with cataracts. He had surgery when he was 30 years old, which restored his sight. After his surgery, he could:

not recognize objects by sight that were familiar to him by touch.

Pauline is learning how to play badminton. For her first lesson, her instructor models serving the birdie while Pauline patiently watches. Pauline then tries to imitate the sequence of swings and motions made by her instructor. This is an example of _____ learning.

observational

Marla has a persistent itch on her arm. This is MOST likely caused by the stimulation of _____ receptors.

pain

Racial and ethnic stereotypes can sometimes bias the way one sees others' behaviors. This BEST illustrates the impact of:

perceptual set.

_____ reinforcement involves any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response.

positive

Lana cannot recognize faces. She has to fake knowing or recognizing people she has already met. Lana MOST likely suffers from:

prosopagnosia.

According to the social influence view of hypnosis, hypnotized subjects are:

responding to the social demands of the situation.

Within the eye itself, the _____ is the final destination for light waves.

retina

If one moves one's watchband up one's wrist an inch or so, one will feel it for only a few moments. This BEST illustrates:

sensory adaptation.

Two TSA officers are scanning bags at the airport. One of the officers lets a bag go through, but the other officer yells, "Wait, didn't you see that?" Why one officer saw a weapon and the other did not is best explained by:

signal detection theory.

Seeing the numeral 3, for instance, may evoke a particular taste sensation in a condition called:

synesthesia.

Jess was in a serious car accident and is having trouble recognizing familiar faces. She MOST likely suffered damage to her _____ lobe, just behind her right ear.

temporal

Learning refers to:

the acquisition, maintenance, and change of behavior as a result of an individual's experience

The flavor of a food is due to the:

the combination of aroma, taste, texture, and temperature

Malik glances at his doctor's scrawl on a handwritten prescription. He draws on his knowledge of common medications to distinguish among a's, o's, and u's. Malik's experience BEST illustrates:

top-down processing.

With respect to theories of color perception, the _____ theory applies to the first stage of color processing, whereas the _____ theory applies to the second stage.

trichromatic; opponent-process