Moroney Biol 1201 Final
an egg cell or a sperm cell
A human cell contains 22 autosomes and an X chromosome. What is this cell?
female with Down's syndrome
A karyotype reveals two X chromosomes, 3 chromosome #21 and two of each of the other human chromosomes. The phenotype of this individual is ___.
a 50% chance that the girl will be a carrier
A couple have a son. The son is colorblind. Neither parent is colorblind. What is the change that the daughter will be a carrier of the colorblind allele?
homozygous
A pea plant that has white flowers is _____ for the flower color gene.
a 50% chance
A person that is heterozygous for polydactyly and the other is homozygous normal, what is the chance that a child of theirs will have 6 fingers.
The reaction is always exergonic but catalase lowered the activation energy
In class, I did a demonstration of the following reaction: 2H2O-->2H2O+O2. This reaction did not occur until the catalase was added. What did the catalase do?
In the nucleolus
Where are the ribosomes made?
an endergonic reaction
A chemical reaction that requires energy to take place is called _____.
meiosis
DNA crossover occurs in _____.
24
Gorilla skin cells have 48 chromosomes. How many chromosomes do gorilla egg cells have?
heterozygous
If a person has two different alleles, he/she is ___ for that gene.
Aa
If an individual with a dominant phenotype is crossed with an individual with a recessive phenotype, 4 of their 9 offspring show the recessive phenotype. What is the genotype of the first parent?
16
If codons consisted of two nucleotides, which of the following would be the maximum number of amino acids that proteins could contain?
photosystem I and photosystem II
Recently some Kentucky students took some breath mints containing chlorophyll and decided to go to the beach and photosynthesize. This probably won't work because the proteins that bind chlorophyll are not present in humans, even though students and coaches from the University of Kentucky. What proteins listed below bind chlorophyll?
2
The H+ concentration in a person's stomach might be as low as 1x10^-2 M after eating a five Hongo Burrito at the Sanitary Burrito Factor (actually a fine fine restaurant). What is the pH of that person's stomach?
mitochondrial matrix
The Krebs cycle is located in ___.
promoter
The region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds is called the ____.
5'-TTGTACG-3'
The sequence of one strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule is given below. What is the sequence of the other strand? The sequence 5'-CGTACAA-3'
all of the above
This organelle contains membranes a) mitochondria b) lysosome c) golgi apparatus d) all of the above organelles e) none of the listed organelles
mitochondria
This organelle contains the enzymes for aerobic respiration
all of the above
This organelle is found in plant cells a) nucleus b) vacuole c) mitochondria d) cytoskeleton e) all of the above
ribose
What is an example of a 5 carbon sugar?
A H+ gradient across the inner membrane
What is the direct source of energy that drives ATP synthesis by the mitochondrial ATP synthase?
RNA
What is the genetic material in HIV?
DNA, RNA, protein
What is the order of the information flow during gene expression?
4 haploid cells
What is the result when a diploid cell undergoes meiosis?
the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons
What is true of an uncharged atom?
nonpolar covalent bond
What type of bond is joining the 2 hydrogen atoms in the figure?
CAM type photosynthesis
What type of photosynthesis is done by Spanish moss?
potato tuber
Where would you find starch? a) liver cells b) muscle cells c) potato tuber d) brain tumor e) a piece of paper
oxygen
Which element is most likely to form polar covalent bonds in biological systems?
all of the above
Which organelle contains proteins? a) nucleus b) vacuole c) mitochondria d) cytoskeleton e) all of the above
Only photosynthetic organisms
Which organism produces O2?
it should dissolve in water
A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound? a) it should dissolve in water b) it is probably a lipid c) it should dissolve in olive oil d) it won't form hydrogen bonds with water e) all of the above
occurs by a removal of water; involves the formation of new covalent bonds; is involved in the synthesis of polysaccharides, proteins, and triacylglycerols
A condensation reaction ____.
lysogenic gene
A virus incorporates it DNA into the host DNA. It replicates along with the host DNA. What type of viral growth is this?
enlarge and possibly lyse
An animal cell placed in a hypotonic solution is likely to ____.
be stable and nonreactive
Atoms that have a full outer electron shell tend to ____.
D and E
Flask A contains no O2 and no glucose and is kept in the dark Flask B contains no O2 and no glucose but has CO2 and is kept in the light Flask C contains O2 but no glucose and is kept in the dark Flask D contains no O2 but has glucose and is kept in the dark Flask E contains O2 and has glucose and is kept in the dark Which flask(s) are growing?
C
Four zebra are crossing a lion-infested savanna. It has been a dry summer. A pride of lions is chasing the zebras. a) Zebra A has depleted glucose levels and his muscles are well-oxygenated b) Zebra B has depleted glucose levels and his muscles are anaerobic c) Zebra C has normal glucose levels and his muscles are well-oxygenated d) Zebra D has normal glucose levels and his muscles are anaerobic Which zebra would you say has the best chance of escaping the lions?
2 ATP and 2 NADH
From one glucose molecule, glycolysis provides the cell with ____.
46
How many chromosomes are in a human skin cell that is in the G1 portion of the cell cycle?
a hydrogen bond
In an alpha helix, a hydrogen atom participates in a covalent bond with a nitrogen atom of one amino acid and also weakly interacts with an oxygen atom. What is this second weaker interaction called?
The mice will die and the bacteria taken from the dead mice will look like the S strain
In an experiment DNA extracted from the pathogenic S strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae is mixed with living cells of the non-pathogenic R strain and this mixture is injected into the mice. What will happen?
LN or Ln
In areas of the very deep and damp southeastern U.S. lives what is, for all intents and purposes, a giant flying cockroach known as a Palmetto bug. Assume that long antennae (L) are dominant to short antennae (l) and that normal wings (N) are dominant to bent ones (n). What gametes will be produced by an individual that is homozygous dominant for antennae and heterozygous for wings?
three covalent
In biological molecules, nitrogen atoms normally form ____ bonds.
the H+ gradient
In chemiosmosis, synthesis of ATP is driven directly by ___.
Ss
In dogs, wire hair (S) is dominant to smooth (s). In a cross of homozygous wire-haired dog with a smooth-haired dog, what will be the genotype of the F1 generation?
6 CO2
In order to produce the most ATP for the cell, glucose is converted to ____.
pump h+ into the thylakoid lumen
In photosynthesis, the direct function of the electron transport chain is to ___.
electron transport
In the murder mystery you are reading the victim has been killed by his evil twin using carbon monoxide poisoning. Which part of aerobic respiration is inhibited by carbon monoxide?
testing the hypothesis
In the scientific method what step comes immediately after you formulate your hypothesis?
mixing a heat-killed pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living nonpathogenic strain can convert some of the living cells to the pathogenic form
In the transformation experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae, it was observed that _____.
answers a and b are correct
In trying to determine whether DNA or protein is the genetic material, Hershey and Chase made use of which of the following facts? a) DNA does not contain sulfur whereas protein does b) DNA contains phosphorus, but protein does not c) DNA contains nitrogen, whereas protein does not d) answers a and b are correct e) answers a, b, and c are correct
exocytosis
Insulin, a hormone is made in pancreatic cells and exported from the cell in small vesicles. These vesicles fuse with plasma membrane releasing the insulin from the cell. What process is occurring?
C12H22O11
Maltose is a disaccharide consisting of two glucose sugars linked together. What is its formula?
all of the above
Modern variations of the influenza virus can be recriminations of ____. a) two or more old human viruses b) pig viruses and human viruses c) duck viruses and human viruses d) pig viruses, duck viruses, and human viruses e) all of the above
about 25%
Raccoons have rings around their tails. Suppose that this trait is controlled via incomplete dominance so that wide bands on the tail are BB, medium sized bands are Bb, and narrow bands are bb. If two raccoons with medium sized bands have babies, what fraction of the baby raccoons will have wide bands?
rough ER, protein biosynthesis
Ribosomes are found with _____ where they are involved with ____.
C7H14O7
Seduheptulose is a seven carbon sugar. What is its molecular formula
About one-fourth will be white and three-fourths green since it is similar to a monohybrid cross
Some plants fail to produce chlorophyll, and this trait appears to be recessive. If we locate a plant that is heterozygous for this trait, self-pollinate it and harvest seeds, what are the likely phenotypes of these seeds when they germinate?
hydrophilic; hydrophobic
Sucrose is ___; olive oil is ____.
Operator
The "on-off" switch for a gene
hydrogen bonds between different water molecules
The bonds that are broken when water vaporizes are ____.
rubisco
The enzyme that fixes carbon in the calvin cycle is called ____.
thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast
The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place in _____.
cytokinesis
The process in which the cell actually divides is called _____.
the movement of substances into the cell through membrane-bound vesicles
The process of endocytosis is ____.
hydrolysis
The reaction using water to split a polymer back into its original subunits is called ____.
G1 Phase
The stage of the cell cycle that occurs immediately after cytokinesis is ____.
S phase
The stage of the cell cycle when DNA is replicated is ___.
nucleus
This contains the vast majority of the cell's DNA.
chloroplast stroma
This is the location of the Calvin cycle
thylakoid membranes
This is the location of the electron transport chain
promoter
This is the part of the gene where RNA polymerase binds
inside of the thylakoids
This location becomes very acidic in the light
mitochondrial electron transport
This process consumes O2 converting it to H2O
mitochondrial electron transport
This process takes on the inner membrane of the mitochondria
intron
This region will be transcribed but then spliced out of the mRNA
100
Vinegar has a pH of about 5. The H+ concentration of the vinegar is ___ times more acidic than pure water
1 x 10^-5 M
Vinegar has a pH of about 5. What is the concentration of H+ of vinegar.
proteins were specifically labelled
When Hershey and Chase labeled the page with 35 S-sulfur, what cellular component were they specifically labeling?
RNA polymerase
Which enzyme is responsible for making the RNA strand during transcription?
O2
Which gas was much less abundant in Earth's early atmosphere than it is now?
chitin
Which is an example of a carbohydrate? a) insulin b) chitin c) mRNA d) a triglyceride e) ATP
triglyceride
Which is an example of a lipid? a) insulin b) sucrose c) cellulose d) triglyceride e) ATP
in the mitochondrial matrix
Which is the correct location of the Krebs Cycle?
O2
Which of the following can pass most easily through a lipid bilayer?
mRNA
Which of the following contains codons? a) rRNA b) tRNA c) mRNA d) all proteins e) ribosomes
sulfhydryl
Which of the following functional groups helps stabilize the tertiary structure of proteins by forming covalent cross-links within protein molecules?
6 CO2
Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis (that pathway only)? a) 2 ATP b) 6 CO2 c) 2 NADH d) 2 pyruvate
CO2
Which of the following is NOT a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis? a) ATP b) CO2 c) NADPH d) chloroplast stroma e) rubisco
RNA uses the sugar ribose, while DNA uses the sugar deoxyribose
Which of the following is a difference between RNA and DNA?
NADH
Which of the following molecules directly donates elections to the mitochondrial electron transport chain?
the breakdown of sugar into water and carbon dioxide
Which of the following reactions could be coupled with the synthesis of ATP and ADP and phosphate?
cellulose
Which of the following would NOT normally be found in a plasma membrane? a) cellulose b) transport proteins c) phospholipids d) cholesterol e) all of the above are normally found in a plasma membrane
acetyl CoA
Which of these enters the Krebs cycle? a) acetyl CoA b) glucose c) NADH d) RuBP e) lactic acid
Glycolysis
Which one of these steps breaks glucose down into two 3-carbon molecules?
Electron transport
Which one of these steps directly requires O2?
glycolysis
Which pathway is common or reaction is used in both aerobic respiration and alcoholic fermentation?
DNA contains the base adenine
Which statement about DNA is true?
A sickled red blood cell containing rods of hemoglobin S and cannot enter capillaries
Which statement about sickle cell anemia is true? a) It is a contagious disease b) A sickled red blood cell containing rods of hemoglobin S and cannot enter capillaries c) The mRNA sequence for hemoglobin in a person with sickle cell anemia and a person that does not have the disease is identical d) People with sickle cell anemia often begin to make normal hemoglobin after a few years of treatment e) Sickle cell anemia is caused by a virus
All living things are capable of reproduction
Which statements are ALL living things is/are true? a) all living things are capable of sight b) all living things have a nervous systems of some sort c) all living things are capable of reproduction d) all of the above statements are true e) none of the above statements are true
beta-glycosidic linkages
Which type of linkage connects the monosaccharides in cellulose?
all of the above reasons are true
Why does your instructor argue that a carrot in the market is alive? a) it is still capable of growth b) it is still metabolically active c) it is still capable of reproduction d) it can still acquire nutrients from the environment e) all of the above reasons are true
One side of the molecule is slightly positive and the other side is slightly negative; water molecules participate in hydrogen bonds
Why is water cohesive?
about 1/4
Wolves are sometimes observed to have black coats and blue eyes. Assume that these two traits are unlinked. Assume further that normal coat color (N) is dominant to black (n) and brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue (b). If black male that is heterozygous for eye color and a female that is heterozygous for both traits produce offspring. What fraction of the offspring would be heterozygous for both traits?
about 25%
Wolves are sometimes observed to have black coats and blue eyes. Assume that these two traits are unlinked. Assume further that normal coat color (N) is dominant to black (n) and brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue (b). If black male that is heterozygous for eye color and a female that is heterozygous for both traits produce offspring. What fraction of the offspring would have blue eyes?
about 1/8
Wolves are sometimes observed to have black coats and blue eyes. Assume that these two traits are unlinked. Assume further that normal coat color (N) is dominant to black (n) and brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue (b). If black male that is heterozygous for eye color and a female that is heterozygous for both traits produce offspring. What percent of the offspring would be normal colored fur with blue eyes?
hypothesis
You and your nosey friend notice a couple sitting near to you in the Student Union talking to one another. You speculate that they may be brother and sister. In relation to scientific method of inquiry, your speculation is comparable to the ____ step.
a fungal cell
You are looking at a cell under the microscope. It has a nucleus and a cell wall but it has no chloroplasts. What type of cell is it?
12
How many CO2 molecules are produced when one maltose molecule is completely converted to CO2 and H2O by aerobic respiration? Remember maltose is a disaccharide made of two glucose molecules.
homologous chromosomes
You have two copies of chromosome ten, one from your mother and one from your father. These chromosomes are ____.
fatty acids
____ are components of phospholipids.
anion
Cl- is an example of a(n) ____.
stomata
Which structure allows for gas exchange between the tissues of a leaf and the atmosphere?
peptide bonds
Which type of linkages connect amino acids in protein?
alive
While at the store, you buy some carrots. The cells in those carrots are ____.
alcohol fermentation
Wine and beer are made using yeast performing ____.
about 50%
Wolves are sometimes observed to have black coats and blue eyes. Assume that these two traits are unlinked. Assume further that normal coat color (N) is dominant to black (n) and brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue (b). If black male that is heterozygous for eye color and a female that is heterozygous for both traits produce offspring. What fraction of the offspring would have black coats?
It was released as CO2 and H2O
You have a friend that recently has lost 20 pounds? where did the fat go?
1 X 10^-5 M
Acid rain sometimes has a pH of 5. What is the H+ concentration?
cytoskeleton
After a "flesh wound" some of the skin fibroblast cells begin to move into the wound area. Which subcellular structure listed below is directly involved in this process of cell movement?
D
Four zebra are crossing a lion-infested savanna. It has been a dry summer. A pride of lions is chasing the zebras. a) Zebra A has depleted glucose levels and his muscles are well-oxygenated b) Zebra B has depleted glucose levels and his muscles are anaerobic c) Zebra C has normal glucose levels and his muscles are well-oxygenated d) Zebra D has normal glucose levels and his muscles are anaerobic Which zebra is using the glucose at the fastest rate?
a beta-sheet
Which of the following is an example of secondary protein structure?
18 O has two more neutrons than 16 O
18 O and 16 O are different isotopes of oxygen. What makes them different?
0.01 mm
A cell has a diameter of 10 μm. What is the distance in millimeters?
X-linked trait
A certain type of muscular dystrophy is seen only in boys born to apparently normal parents. This disorder causes the boy to die before age ten. Girls never have the disorder. What best describes the genetics of this trait?
O
A father has type AB and a mother has blood type A. Which blood type is not possible among their children?
A mole of sucrose has the same number of molecules as a mole of water
A mole of water weighs 18 grams while a mole of sucrose weighs 342 grams. Which statement is true? a) A mole of sucrose has more molecules as a mole of water b) A mole of sucrose has the same number of molecules as a mole of water c) A mole has less molecules than a mole of water d) moles are known for their excellent vision
the virus contains RNA
A nucleic acid was isolated from a new plague-causing virus. Analysis of this nucleic acid indicated the following base composition: 20% Adenine, 30% Uracil, 10% guanosine, and 40% cytosine. From this information, which of the statements are true? a) the virus contains RNA b) the virus contains DNA c) the virus has a double stranded nucleic acid d) statements A and C are true e) statements B and C are true
1800 nucleotides
A protein is made of 600 amino acids. How long is the mRNA encoding this protein from the start codon to the codon just before the stop codon?
the cell membranes
A protein known as a phospholipase removes fatty acids from phospholipids. What cellular structure would be most affected by this enzyme?
a coupled reaction
A reaction in which ATP is cleaved allowing a second unfavorable reaction to occur is ____.
endergonic
A reaction where the products have more energy than the reactants is ____.
kinetochore
A structure that holds the sister chromatids to the spindle fibers is called a ____.
none of the girls will be colorblind but one half of the boys will be color blind
A woman is a carrier of the color blind trait and her husband has normal color vision. What percentage of the children will be color blind?
adding electrons and protons to oxygen to form water
All of the following are functions of the Kreb's Cycle except ____. a) production of ATP b) production of NADH c) production of FADH2 d) release of carbon dioxide e) adding electrons and protons to oxygen to form water
alleles
Alternative forms of a gene are referred to as ___.
carboxyl group
Amino acids are acids because they possess which functional group?
They would swell and then burst
Bacillus anthracis cells were treated with lysozyme which destroys the cell wall. These treated cells are placed in pure water. What would you expect to happen to these cells?
covalent
Carbon atoms tend to form ____ bonds.
a structural polysaccharide found in the cell wall of plants
Cellulose is ____
mushrooms
Chitin is found in ____.
all of the males will have dark spots and all of the females will have normal spots
Clouded leopards are an endangered species of cat, living in the very wet cloud forests of Central America. Assume the normal spots (X^N) are a dominant, X chromosome-linked trait and that dark spots are the recessive counterpart. If a female with dark sports is crossed with a male with normal spots what is the phenotype of the progeny?
half of the males will have normal spots and half will have dark spots, half of the females will have normal spots and half will have dark spots
Clouded leopards are an endangered species of cat, living in the very wet cloud forests of Central America. Assume the normal spots (X^N) are a dominant, X chromosome-linked trait and that dark spots are the recessive counterpart. If a heterozygous normal spotted female is crossed with a dark spotted male what is the phenotype of the progeny?
oogenesis takes much longer (days or more) than spermatogenesis
Compare the spermatogenesis and oogenesis in humans. Which process takes longer?
one less neutron
Compared to 40K, the isotope 39K has
5'-UUAAUGCCGCAU-3'
Consider the DNA sequence: 5'-ATGCGGCATTAA-3'. What mRNA would be produced from this sequence?
UUCACAGG
Consider the DNA sequence: 5'-CCTGTGAA-3' This is the template strand. What mRNA would be produced from this sequence?
only genes B and C are linked
Consider three genes A, B, and C. The recombination rate for genes A and B is 50%. The recombination rate for A and C is also 50%. The recombination rate for B and C is 15%. Which statement below is true?
20%
DNA isolated from a bacterium is composed of 30% thymidine (T). What percentage of the nucleotides are guanosine (G)?
lactate; ATP
During vigorous exercise, anaerobic muscle cells produce ____ and gain _____.
The gene for eye color is located on a sex chromosome
Early experiments involving mating between red-eyed and white-eyed fruit flies revealed that a disproportionately large number of males in the F2 generation were white-eyed. Why?
isomers that are asymmetric and mirror images
Enantiomers are ___.
reducing the activation energy for the reaction
Enzymes work by ____.
D and E
Flask A contains no O2 and no glucose and is kept in the dark Flask B contains no O2 and no glucose but has CO2 and is kept in the light Flask C contains O2 but no glucose and is kept in the dark Flask D contains no O2 but has glucose and is kept in the dark Flask E contains O2 and has glucose and is kept in the dark Which flask(s) are producing CO2?
D
Flask A contains no O2 and no glucose and is kept in the dark Flask B contains no O2 and no glucose but has CO2 and is kept in the light Flask C contains O2 but no glucose and is kept in the dark Flask D contains no O2 but has glucose and is kept in the dark Flask E contains O2 and has glucose and is kept in the dark Which flask(s) is/are producing ethanol?
he will almost certainly have hairy ears
Hairy ears are a Y-linked trait. If an unfortunate individual such as your professor, has this trait, what is the chance that a son of that man will have hairy ears?
The mitotic spindle which is made of tubular, shortens at the end attached to the chromosome
How are the chromosomes pulled apart?
The proteins in each membrane would be different
How are the plasma membrane and a membrane of the golgi apparatus different?
3
How many CO2 molecules are released by a single pyruvate molecule during aerobic respiration?
3
How many NADH are made when one acetyl CoA goes through the Kreb's cycle?
from nutrients in their environment
How to autotrophs acquire their energy?
any of the above observations would disprove the hypothesis
It is presently thought that chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis. Which of the following observations would disprove this hypothesis? a) A plant is discovered that performed photosynthesis but has no chlorophyll b) It is found that a part of the plant that does not contain chlorophyll (like the root) does photosynthesis c) It is found that a part of the plant cell that does not contain chlorophyll (like the central vacuole) does photosynthesis d) Chlorophyll is removed from a plant and it is still able to do photosynthesis e) Any of the above observations would disprove the hypothesis
active transport
K+ concentration is higher inside than outside a cell and is transported into the cell by the Na+ -K+ ATPase. K+ transport into a cell is best described as ____.
active transport
K+ is transported into cells by a protein that cleaves ATP. The concentration of K+ inside the cell is greater than the K+ outside the cell. What type of transport is occurring?
primase
Makes a small piece of RNA that helps get the DNA strand started
DNA polymerase III
Makes the most of the new strand of DNA
the garden pea
Mendel utilized the ____ as the experimental organism to work out the laws of segregation and independent assortment.
12
Most plants make sucrose, a 12 carbon sugar, from CO2 fixed during photosynthesis. How many CO2 molecules are needed to make one sucrose molecule?
12
Most plants make sucrose, a disaccharide of glucose and fructose, from CO2 fixed during photosynthesis. How many CO2 molecules are needed to make one sucrose molecule?
simple diffusion
O2 enters human muscles cells. No energy is needed for this process and no transport proteins are required. What membrane transport process is likely to be involved?
alcoholic fermentation
Occurs in anaerobic yeast cells but not aerobic yeast cells
protect the cell from osmotic lysis
One purpose of the principle functions of the cell wall is to ____.
H2O
Oxygen gas (O2) in a leaf is made by photosystem II removing electrons from _____.
meiosis
Pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs in ___.
liver cell, cell nucleus, hemoglobin, amino acid, carbon atom
Put these cells in order from largest to smallest: cell nucleus, carbon atom, liver cell, amino acid, hemoglobin
have different numbers of protons, have different numbers of valence electrons, form different numbers of chemical bonds
Sulfur and nitrogen atoms ___.
H2S
Sulfur has 6 electrons in its outer shell. It combines covalently with hydrogen to form a stable (and smelly) compound. What is the structure of this compound?
2 hydrogen bonds
The bases adenine and thymidine base pair in DNA double helices. What type of bond and how many make up this interaction?
Ll
The common grackle is a species of robin-sized blackbirds. Suppose tail length is an autosomal trait and that long tails (L) were dominant to short tails (l) in these birds. A female short-tailed grackle mates with a male long-tailed grackle who had one parent with a long tail and one parent with a short tail. What is the male's genotype for tail length?
active transport
The concentration of NADH outside of the mitochondrion is lower than the concentration inside. A specific transport protein is required for NADH to enter the mitochondria, and ATP is required. This is an example of _____.
facilitated diffusion
The concentration of pyruvate outside of the mitochondrion is higher than the concentration inside. A specific transport protein is required for pyruvate to cross the membrane, but no ATP is required. This is an example of _____.
glucose
Using aerobic respiration, which molecule can provide the most energy?
C4-type photosynthesis
What type of photosynthesis is done by sugar cane?
quaternary
When a protein is made up of more than one polypeptide chain it is said to have ____ structure.
one less carbon = carbon double bond
When compared with oxidized NAD+, reduced NADH has _____.
S
When does chromosome replication take place in the cell cycle?
Electron transport
Which one of these steps oxidizes NADH?
helicase
separates the two DNA strands to unwind them
C5H10O5
A 5 carbon sugar has the following chemical formula
the mother has the trait, the father does not
A couple has a son who is colorblind. Neither parent is colorblind. Which parent or parents has/have the colorblind trait?
the maternal grandmother
A couple have a son. The son is color blind. Neither parent is colorblind. None of the grandparents of the boy are colorblind. Which of the grandparents must have the colorblind allele?
there is almost no chance that she will have the disorder
A couple have a son. The son is colorblind. Neither parent is colorblind. If this couple had a daughter what is the chance that the daughter will be colorblind?
hypertonic
A glass of salt water is ____ relative to a glass of pure water.
over 40 years
A woman is pregnant at the age of 40. The egg that was fertilized resulting in the pregnancy began the process of meiosis about how long before completing the process?
FADH2
An example of an electron carrier is ____. a) ATP b) FADH2 c) H+ d) answers a and b e) answers a, b and c
coupled reaction
An unfavorable reaction that occurs along with the cleavage of ATP to ADP and Pi is an example of ___.
a coupled reaction
An unfavorable reaction that occurs along with the cleavage of ATP to ADP and phosphate is an example of ____.
both cells will have DNA with 15 N
Assume that you have given a bacterial cell 15 N so that the DNA in the cell was completely labeled with 15 N, and allow the cells to grow on 14 N and divide. After one cell division which cell(s) has DNA that still contains 15 N?
two will have DNA with 15 N
Assume that you have given a bacterial cell 15 N so that the DNA in the cell was completely labeled with 15 N, and allow the cells to grow on 14 N and divide. After two rounds of cell division there are four cells. How many of these cells will have DNA with 15 N?
facilitated diffusion
GLUT2 is a protein that allows glucose to cross the plasma membrane of cells. It allows glucose move from high concentration in the blood to a low concentration in the cell. This movement is ____.
physically close together on the same chromosome
If two genes are genetically "linked" they are ___.
viral nucleic acids
In the Hershey-Chase experiment which part of the virus was inserted into the host cell to start a viral infection?
denature the protein
Putting protein (such as egg) in ethanol will ____.
about 50%
Raccoons have rings around their tails. Suppose that this trait is controlled via incomplete dominance so that wide bands on the tail are BB, medium sized bands are Bb, and narrow bands are bb. If two raccoons with medium sized bands have babies, what fraction of the baby raccoons will have medium bands?
DNA polymerase I
Removes the RNA primer and replaces with DNA
DNA replication
The making of an exact copy of DNA is called ____.
microtubules
The mitotic spindle is composed of ____.
mitochondria
This organelle contains DNA
mitochondria
This organelle is involved in energy generation.
I-2, II-1, III-3
Three babies were recently mixed up in a hospital. After consideration of the data below, which of the following represent the correct baby/parent combinations? Couple 1- A and A Couple 2- B and O Couple 3- A and B Baby 1- B Baby 2- O Baby 3- AB
Krebs cycle
Which one of these steps releases the most CO2?
the cytoskeleton
Which part of the eukaryotic cell is made up of only protein?
rubisco
_____ is probably the most abundant enzyme on the planet.
mitosis
When you cut your arm or leg the skin cells grow and fill in the damaged area. What type of cell division is occurring?
Mitosis
When you sprain your ankle, there is damage to ligaments and blood vessels. What type of cell division is occurring during the healing process?
ribosomes
Which component is present in prokaryotic cells? a) mitochondria b) cytoskeleton c) golgi apparatus d) endoplasmic reticulum e) ribosomes
all of these functions are associated with proteins
Which of the following is NOT associated with protein function? a) transport of molecules across membranes b) movement of an organism c) communication between cells (hormones) d) catalysis of chemical reactions e) all of these functions are associated with proteins
all of these functions are done by proteins
Which of the following is a protein function? a) proteins transport molecules across membranes b) proteins move vesicles along microtubules c) microtubules are made of proteins d) some hormones are proteins e) all of these functions are done by proteins
cellulose
Which of the following is an example of a carbohydrate? a) a triglyceride b) ATP c) insulin d) cellulose e) DNA
all of the above
Which organism below is capable of aerobic respiration? a) sugar cane b) mice c) yeast cells d) all of the above e) none of the above
Zebras A and B
Four zebra are crossing a lion-infested savanna. It has been a dry summer. A pride of lions is chasing the zebras. a) Zebra A has depleted glucose levels and his muscles are well-oxygenated b) Zebra B has depleted glucose levels and his muscles are anaerobic c) Zebra C has normal glucose levels and his muscles are well-oxygenated d) Zebra D has normal glucose levels and his muscles are anaerobic Which zebra(s) will likely become a lion chew toy?
a 50% chance
If one parent is heterozygous for Huntington's disease and the other homozygous normal, what is the chance that a child of theirs will have Huntington's disease?
BBSS
In Cocker Spaniel dogs black coat color (B) is dominant over red coat color (b). Also solid color (S), is dominant over spotted color (s). The genes for coat color and spotted or solid color are unlinked. In a test cross, a solid black coated dog of uncertain heritage was crossed with a dog with a spotted red coat. All of the puppies had solid, black coats. What is the most likely genotype of the dog with the solid black coat?
about 1/8
In Cocker Spaniel dogs black coat color (B) is dominant over red coat color (b). Also solid color (S), is dominant over spotted color (s). The genes for coat color and spotted or solid color are unlinked. What fraction of the puppies would have a spotted, red coat?
about 25%
In Cocker Spaniel dogs black coat color (B) is dominant over red coat color (b). Also solid color (S), is dominant over spotted color (s). The genes for coat color and spotted or solid color are unlinked. What percentage of puppies would have a spotted coat?
Fungi
You are trying to identify an organism by looking at a group of its cells under the microscope. It is multicellular and the cells clearly have a cell wall. The cells have many internal organelles but no chloroplasts. To which kingdom does this organism belong?
all of these are possible
An individual with blood type A marries an individual with blood type B. What blood types could their offspring exhibit? a) AB b) A c) B d) O e) all of these are possible
C30H25O26
The molecular formula of glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula of a polymer made by linking five glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?
DNA ligase
The molecule that links together Okazaki fragments during DNA replication is ___.
anaphase
The portion of mitosis where the sister chromatids have separated and are starting to be pulled to the opposite sides of the cell is called ____.
The X chromosome has more genes than the Y chromosome
Which statement about the X chromosome is/are true?
a 50% chance
You have recently found out that your father is a carrier of the sickle cell trait and your mother is homozygous normal. What is the change that you are a carrier of the sickle cell trait?
The mice will live; any surviving bacteria will look like R strain
In the experiment DNA extracted from baboon skin cells is mixed with living cells of the non-pathogenic R strain of S. pneumoniae and this mixture is injected into mice. What will happen?
translation
The process by which an mRNA sequence is interpreted and used to direct the synthesis of a protein is called ____.
about 50%
In Cocker Spaniel dogs black coat color (B) is dominant over red coat color (b). Also solid color (S), is dominant over spotted color (s). The genes for coat color and spotted or solid color are unlinked. If a dog with a black coat (BbSs) is crossed with a dog with a solid, red coat (bbSs) what percentage of the puppies will have a black coat?
50% chance
You have a sister with cystic fibrosis. Your parents are healthy and you are healthy. What is the chance that you are a carrier of the cystic fibrosis trait?
It can grow by alcohol fermentation
You have a yeast strain that has a defect in cytochrome oxidase. under what conditions, if any, could that cell grow?
50% pink and 50% red
Flower color in snapdragons is an example of incomplete dominance. If a red flowered plant is crossed with a white flowered plant, the F1 generation has pink flowers. If a pink flowered plant was crossed with a red flowered plant, the progeny plants would be _____.
In most cells, only some genes are expressed at any one time
Which of the following is a true statement about gene expression?
the bond between the H of the one water molecule and the O of another water molecule
Which of the following is an example of a hydrogen bond?
adding a poly-adenine tail
Which of the following is part of processing a newly made eukaryotic mRNA?
all of the isotopes are found in nature
Which of the following isotopes is/are found in nature or naturally occurring? a) 12 C b) 13 C c) 14 C d) 12 C and 13 C e) all of the isotopes are found in nature
