movements that occur at synovial joints

depression

downward movement

hyperextension

extension beyond normal or anatomical position

inversion

tilting the soles of the foot inward so that they face each other

eversion

tilting the soles of the foot outward so that they face away from each other

angular movements

movements that increase or decrease the angle between bones or structures.

gliding movement

movements that occur when flat bone surfaces slide across each other. such movements are commonly seen between carpals and between tarsals.

supination

turning the forearm so that the palm of the hand turns anteriorly or superiorly

elevation

upward movement

flexion

a decrease in the angle between two bones or structures in a joint

extension

an increase in the angle between two bones or structures in a joint

plantar flexion

bending of the front of the foot downward

dorsiflexion

bending of the front of the foot upward

rotation

movement of a bone or structure around a vertical axis

protraction

movement of a structure anteriorly and parallel to the ground

abduction

movement of a structure away from midline at an angle

retraction

movement of a structure posteriorly and parallel to the ground

adduction

movement of a structure toward midline at an angle

circumduction

movement of the distal end of a structure in a circle while the proximal end remains relatively stationary