movie what Darwin never knew

JAW,BRAIN

A mutation in the human muscle allows the skull to keep expanding into adulthood, creating a bigger space for the .

DNA,SWITCH

A piece of called a is not a gene, but it turns "on" or "off" genes.

Natural selection

Darwin studied dog breeders and how specific traits were selected. Darwin then wondered if could be going on in life.

BIRDS,FISH

Dinosaurs share a common ancestor with . share a common ancestor of all four-legged forms.

The Origin of Species

In 1859 Darwin published

NATURAL SELECTION.

Over many generations, tiny variations allow the fit to get fitter and the unfit to vanish. This is evolution by

DINOSAURS_.

The Archaeopteryx fossil had features of both birds and

FINCHES

The Galapagos differed in the type of beak, depending on the island.

GALAPAGOS

The are home to animals found no-where else on earth. (Where Darwin made his most important discoveries.)

ENVIRONMENT

The pattern in nature that Darwin saw was that the creatures that survived were those best adapted to the specific in which they lived.

structure

Tiktaalik is a perfect transitional form: the body of a fish with scales, but also the bone is seen in every four-legged forms.

ARGENTINA, fossils

Where did Darwin make his first important discovery?What did he find there? of extinct mammals

SAME

DNA has one other vital quality. It doesn't stay the .

VARIATION

Darwin realized that was the start of change in nature.

CHANGE.

Darwin realized, for some reason, that species

BEAGLE

Darwin was offered a position on the whose mission was to survey the waters around South America.

365

Fossils show that creatures with legs appeared million years ago. Before that, they were only fish.

GENETICS/EMBRIOLGY

How do you get all these differences if you have the same number of genes? The first clues are from the study of . They are the platform of diversity and all use the same basic genes.

23,000

Humans have genes. The same numbers as a chicken and less that an ear of corn. Many of our key genes are similar to those other animals.

PROTEINS

Many genes get translated into

TOOLS

The Galapagos finches have different beaks because the finches used their beaks as

HOX

The body plan genes called genes are found in all complex animals from 600 million year worms to humans.

GILLS.

The bones of the human inner ear have developed from fish

MUTATIONS

The genes needed for arms and legs were in pre-historic fish. All they needed was a few to change the order of what genes are turned on and off.

HAND/THUMB, BRAIN

The two signature organs of humankind are the and the

SHELL/CARAPACE, COLOR, LOWER SHELL/PLASTERN

The upper of the giant tortoises differed depending upon which island they lived.

21

There are different mutations responsible for microcephaly

1

There is a percentage difference in the DNA of humans and chimps

SWITCH

What is special about the body plan gene? It throws A and tells the "stuff genes" what to do and when. This is how all forms of life are related, but evolved to become completely different.

MUTATION

Without , everything would stay the same, generation after generation. We can now find the genes that are responsible for evolutionary change.

98

percent of DNA doesn't code for proteins

SWITCH,BRAIN,18

A study of human and chimp DNA sequences show that the differences weren't in the actual genes, but in the that direct the genes. More than half of these switches are near a gene that involves the . That gene was different in 2 letters between the chimp and the chicken, but different in letters when compared to humans.